BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Engineered nanofibers are generally focused on filtration, solar cells, sensors, smart textile fabrication, tissue engineering, etc. Electrospun nanofibers have potential advantages in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, because of the ease in the incorporation of drugs, growth factors, natural materials, and inorganic nanoparticles in to these nanofiber scaffolds. Electrospun nanofiber scaffolds composed of synthetic and natural polymers are being explored as scaffolds similar to natural extracellular matrix for tissue engineering. The requirement of the inorganic composites in the nanofiber scaffolds for favouring hard and soft tissue engineering applications is dealt in detail in the present review. Regarding drug delivery applications of the composite nanofibers, the review emphasizes on wound healing with silver nanoparticles incorporated nanofibers, bone tissue engineering, and cancer chemotherapy with titanium and platinum complexes loaded nanofibers. The review also describes gold nanoparticle loaded nanofibers for cancer diagnosis and cosmetic applications.

背景与目标： : 工程纳米纤维通常专注于过滤，太阳能电池，传感器，智能纺织品制造，组织工程等。电纺纳米纤维在组织工程和再生医学中具有潜在的优势，因为它们易于将药物，生长因子，天然材料和无机纳米颗粒掺入这些纳米纤维支架中。由合成和天然聚合物组成的电纺纳米纤维支架正在被探索为类似于组织工程天然细胞外基质的支架。本文详细介绍了纳米纤维支架中无机复合材料对支持硬组织和软组织工程应用的要求。关于复合纳米纤维的药物递送应用，该评论强调了结合纳米纤维的银纳米颗粒的伤口愈合，骨组织工程以及负载钛和铂复合物的纳米纤维的癌症化疗。该评论还描述了负载金纳米颗粒的纳米纤维，用于癌症诊断和美容应用。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Every year, millions of people suffer from dermal wounds caused by heat, fire, chemicals, electricity, ultraviolet radiation or disease. Tissue engineering and nanotechnology have enabled the engineering of nanostructured materials to meet the current challenges in skin treatments owing to such rising occurrences of accidental damages, skin diseases and defects. The abundance and accessibility of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) may prove to be novel cell therapeutics for skin regeneration. The nanofibrous PVA/gelatin/azide scaffolds were then fabricated by electrospinning using water as solvent and allowed to undergo click reaction. The scaffolds were characterized by SEM, contact angle and FTIR. The cell-scaffold interactions were analyzed by cell proliferation and the results observed that the rate of cell proliferation was significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) on PVA/gelatin/azide scaffolds compared to PVA/gelatin nanofibers. In the present study, manipulating the biochemical cues by the addition of an induction medium, in combination with environmental and physical factors of the culture substrate by functionalizing with click moieties, we were able to drive ADSCs into epidermal lineage with the development of epidermis-like structures, was further confirmed by the expression of early and intermediate epidermal differentiation markers like keratin and filaggrin. This study not only provides an insight into the design of a site-specific niche-like microenvironment for stem cell lineage commitment, but also sheds light on the therapeutic application of an alternative cell source-ADSCs, for wound healing and skin tissue reconstitution.

背景与目标： : 每年，数以百万计的人遭受由热，火，化学物质，电，紫外线辐射或疾病引起的皮肤伤口。组织工程和纳米技术使纳米结构材料的工程能够应对当前皮肤治疗中的挑战，这是由于意外损伤，皮肤疾病和缺陷的日益增加。脂肪干细胞 (adsc) 的丰度和可及性可能被证明是皮肤再生的新型细胞疗法。然后使用水作为溶剂通过静电纺丝制备纳米纤维PVA/明胶/叠氮化物支架，并进行点击反应。通过SEM，接触角和FTIR对支架进行表征。通过细胞增殖分析细胞-支架相互作用，结果观察到与PVA/明胶纳米纤维相比，在PVA/明胶/叠氮化物支架上细胞增殖速率显著增加 (P ≤ 0.05)。在本研究中，通过添加诱导培养基来操纵生化线索，并通过用点击部分进行功能化，结合培养底物的环境和物理因素，我们能够通过表皮样结构的发展将ADSCs驱动成表皮谱系，通过早期和中间表皮分化标志物 (如角蛋白和丝状蛋白) 的表达进一步证实。这项研究不仅提供了对干细胞谱系承诺的特定位点小生境样微环境设计的见解，而且还阐明了替代细胞来源ADSCs在伤口愈合和皮肤组织重建中的治疗应用。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is a traumatic loss of muscle tissue that results in chronic functional impairment. When injured, skeletal muscle is capable of small-scale repair; however, regenerative capacities are lost with VML due to a critical loss stem cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). Consequences of VML include either long-term disability or delayed amputations of the affected limb. While the prevalence of VML is substantial, currently a successful clinical therapy has not been identified. In a previous study, an electrospun composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) and decellularized-ECM (D-ECM) supported satellite cell-mediated myogenic activity in vitro. In this study, we investigate the extent to which this electrospun scaffold can support functional muscle regeneration in a murine model of VML. Experimental groups included no treatment, pure PCL treated, and PCL:D-ECM (50:50 blend) treated VML defects. The PCL:D-ECM scaffold treated VML muscles supported increased activity of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages (arginase+ ) at Day 28, compared to other experimental groups. Increased myofiber (MHC+ ) regeneration was observed histologically at both Days 7 and 28 post-trauma in blend scaffold treated group compared to PCL treated and untreated groups. However, improvements in muscle weights and force production were not observed. Future studies would evaluate muscle function at longer time-points post-VML injury to allow sufficient time for reinnervation of regenerated muscle fibers.

背景与目标： : 体积肌肉损失 (VML) 是肌肉组织的创伤性损失，导致慢性功能障碍。受伤时，骨骼肌能够进行小规模修复; 但是，由于干细胞和细胞外基质 (ECM) 的严重损失，VML失去了再生能力。VML的后果包括长期残疾或患肢的截肢延迟。虽然VML的患病率很高，但目前尚未确定成功的临床治疗方法。在先前的研究中，由聚己内酯 (PCL) 和脱细胞ECM (d-ecm) 组成的电纺丝在体外支持卫星细胞介导的成肌活性。在这项研究中，我们研究了这种电纺支架在VML小鼠模型中支持功能性肌肉再生的程度。实验组包括未处理，纯PCL处理和PCL: d-ecm (50:50共混物) 处理的VML缺陷。与其他实验组相比，在第28天，经PCL: d-ecm支架处理的VML肌肉支持抗炎M2巨噬细胞 (精氨酸酶) 的活性增加。与PCL治疗组和未治疗组相比，在创伤后第7天和第28天的组织学观察到肌纤维 (MHC) 再生增加。然而，没有观察到肌肉重量和力量产生的改善。未来的研究将评估VML损伤后较长时间点的肌肉功能，以便有足够的时间重新支配再生的肌肉纤维。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Antibacterial nanofibers have a great potential for effective treatment of infections. They act as drug reservoir systems that release higher quantities of antibacterial agents/drug in a controlled manner at infection sites and prevent drug resistance, while concomitantly decreasing the systemic toxicity. With this drug delivery system, it is also possible to achieve multiple drug entrapment and also simultaneous or sequential release kinetics at the site of action. Therefore, advances in antibacterial nanofibers as drug delivery systems were overviewed within this article. Recently published data on antibacterial drug delivery was also summarised to provide a view of the current state of art in this field. Although antibacterial use seems to be limited and one can ask that 'what is left to be discovered?'; recent update literatures in this field highlighted the use of nanofibers from very different perspectives. We believe that readers will be benefiting this review for enlightening of novel ideas.

背景与目标： : 抗菌纳米纤维具有有效治疗感染的巨大潜力。它们充当药库系统，在感染部位以受控方式释放更大量的抗菌剂/药物，并防止耐药性，同时降低全身毒性。利用这种药物递送系统，还可以实现多个药物截留以及在作用部位同时或顺序释放动力学。因此，本文概述了抗菌纳米纤维作为药物递送系统的进展。还总结了最近发表的有关抗菌药物递送的数据，以提供该领域当前最新技术的观点。尽管抗菌的使用似乎受到限制，并且可以问 “还有什么需要发现？”; 该领域的最新更新文献从非常不同的角度强调了纳米纤维的使用。我们相信，读者将从这篇评论中受益，以启发新颖的想法。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In this paper, polypropylene (PP) nanofibers were prepared using the melt forcespinning technology by a handmade device. Then, the surface of PP nanofibers was grafted through the high energy electron beams (EB) pre-irradiation method by acrylonitrile and methacrylic acid monomers with grafting percentage of 145.55%. The 92% of grafted cyano functional groups on nanofibers were converted to amidoxime groups, then modified by an alkaline solution. Characterization and surface morphology of nanofibers were investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The produced adsorbent was used to adsorb U(VI) ions from simulated seawater. The maximum adsorption was 83.24 mg/g in the optimal time of 60 min and optimal pH of 4. The optimum desorption efficiency was 80% in HCl 0.5 M. The kinetic data in optimum conditions showed that the adsorption followed an S-shaped kinetic model. The Adsorption equilibrium studies presented S-shape isotherm model that confirmed the adsorption occurs both on the adsorbent surface and in its pores The thermodynamic studies indicated spontaneous adsorption of uranyl ions and the higher efficiency adsorption at higher temperatures. The selectivity of adsorbent for metal ions followed the order V(V)>U(VI)>CO(II)>Ni(II)>Fe(II). These results shows that the prepared and modified nanofibers in this work can be considered as an effective and promising adsorbents for removal of uranium ions from seawater with high efficiency.

背景与目标： : 在本文中，通过手工设备使用熔体固定技术制备了聚丙烯 (PP) 纳米纤维。然后，用丙烯腈和甲基丙烯酸单体通过高能电子束 (EB) 预辐照方法接枝PP纳米纤维的表面，接枝百分比为145.55%。将纳米纤维上接枝的氰基官能团的92% 转化为胺肟基团，然后用碱性溶液改性。通过傅里叶变换红外 (FTIR) 光谱和扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 研究了纳米纤维的表征和表面形貌。所产生的吸附剂用于从模拟海水中吸附U(VI) 离子。最适时间为60  min，最适pH为4，最大吸附量为83.24  mg/g。80% 了HCl 0.5  M的最佳解吸效率。在最佳条件下的动力学数据表明，吸附遵循s形动力学模型。吸附平衡研究提出了s形等温线模型，该模型证实了吸附既发生在吸附剂表面，又发生在其孔中。热力学研究表明铀酰离子的自发吸附，并且在较高的温度下具有更高的吸附效率。吸附剂对金属离子的选择性顺序为V(V)>U(VI)>CO(II)>Ni(II)>Fe(II)。这些结果表明，在这项工作中制备和改性的纳米纤维可以被认为是一种有效且有前途的吸附剂，可以高效地从海水中去除铀离子。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In nanopharmaceutics, a robust manipulation of the preparation process and an accurate prediction of the final product size are very important for developing novel nano drug delivery systems. In the present study, for the first time, a process parameter, i.e. the length of the straight fluid jet, L, is correlated with an experimental parameter, i.e. fluid flow rate, F; a nanofiber property, i.e. diameter, D; and the corresponding drug-sustained release profile. Using a mixed solution consisting of 15% (w/v) polyacrylonitrile and 3% (w/v) ketoprofen in acetone and N,N-dimethylformamide (2:8, v:v) as a spinnable working fluid, a series of medicated nanofibers were prepared under variable F and were characterized. The analysis results disclosed the quantitative relationships among different types of parameters. The process parameter L exhibited a better linear relationship with the nanofibers' diameter (D) than the processing parameter F. These results give a hint that process parameters can be exploited as useful tools for accurately predicting and tailoring the resultant nanofibers' D, and in turn their functional performances. The strategy proposed here presents a new approach to investigate the electrohydrodynamic process and manipulate the functions of nanoproducts through process-property-performance relationships.

背景与目标： : 在纳米药物中，对制备过程的可靠操作和对最终产品尺寸的准确预测对于开发新型纳米药物递送系统非常重要。在本研究中，首次将过程参数 (即直流体射流的长度L) 与实验参数 (即流体流速F) 相关联; 纳米纤维性质 (即直径D); 以及相应的药物持续释放曲线。使用由15% (w/v) 聚丙烯腈和3% (w/v) 酮洛芬在丙酮和N，N-二甲基甲酰胺 (2:8，v:v) 中的混合溶液作为可纺丝工作流体，在可变F下制备了一系列含药纳米纤维，并对其进行了表征。分析结果揭示了不同类型参数之间的定量关系。与加工参数F相比，工艺参数L与纳米纤维直径 (D) 的线性关系更好。这些结果暗示了工艺参数可以用作准确预测和定制所得纳米纤维D以及其功能性能的有用工具。此处提出的策略提出了一种研究电流体动力过程并通过过程-性能关系操纵纳米产品功能的新方法。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In the pursuit of finding superior methods to remove pathogens from drinking water, this study examines the adsorption of a non-enveloped, mammalian virus to highly charged nanofibers. N-[(2-Hydroxyl-3-trimethylammonium) propyl] chitosan (HTCC) nanofibers were synthesized by the addition of a quaternary amine to chitosan. HTCC was blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to produce nanofibers by electrospinning. The nanofibers were stabilized against water by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. When studied in the range of 100-200nm in diameter, larger fibers were able to adsorb about 90% more virus than smaller fibers. The kinetics of the adsorption was modeled with pseudo-first order kinetics and equilibrium was achieved in as little as 10min. Equilibrium adsorption was modeled with the Freundlich isotherm with a Freundlich constant of 1.4. When the Freundlich constant deviates from 1, this demonstrates that there is heterogeneity at the adsorption surface. The heterogeneity likely occurs at the nanofiber surface since a polymeric blend of two polymers was used to electrospin the nanofibers. The model mammalian virus, porcine parvovirus (PPV), has a fairly homogeneous, icosahedral protein capsid available for adsorption. The fast adsorption kinetics and high capacity of the nanofibers make HTCC/PVA a potential filter material for the removal of pathogens from drinking water.

背景与目标： : 为了寻找从饮用水中去除病原体的优质方法，本研究研究了一种无包膜的哺乳动物病毒对高电荷纳米纤维的吸附。通过向壳聚糖中添加季胺来合成N-[(2-羟基-3-三甲基铵) 丙基] 壳聚糖 (HTCC) 纳米纤维。将HTCC与聚乙烯醇 (PVA) 共混，通过静电纺丝生产纳米纤维。通过与戊二醛交联，使纳米纤维对水稳定。当在直径为100-200nm的范围内进行研究时，较大的纤维比较小的纤维能够吸附约90% 多的病毒。用伪一级动力学对吸附动力学进行建模，并在10分钟内实现平衡。用Freundlich等温线模拟平衡吸附，Freundlich常数为1.4。当Freundlich常数偏离1时，这表明吸附表面存在异质性。由于使用两种聚合物的聚合物共混物对纳米纤维进行电自旋，因此异质性可能发生在纳米纤维表面。模型哺乳动物病毒猪细小病毒 (PPV) 具有相当均匀的二十面体蛋白衣壳，可用于吸附。纳米纤维的快速吸附动力学和高容量使HTCC/PVA成为去除饮用水中病原体的潜在过滤材料。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Protein nanofibers are emerging as useful biological nanomaterials for a number of applications, but to realize these applications requires a cheap and readily available source of fibril-forming protein material. We have identified fish lens crystallins as a feedstock for the production of protein nanofibers and report optimized methods for their production. Altering the conditions of formation leads to individual protein nanofibers assembling into much larger structures. The ability to control the morphology and form higher order structures is a crucial step in bottom up assembly of bionanomaterials. Cell toxicity assays suggest no adverse impact of these structures on mammalian cell proliferation. There are many possible applications for protein nanofibers; here we illustrate their potential as templates for nanowire formation, with a simple gold plating process.

背景与目标： : 蛋白质纳米纤维正在成为许多应用的有用生物纳米材料，但是要实现这些应用，需要廉价且易于获得的原纤维形成蛋白质材料来源。我们已经确定了鱼眼晶体蛋白作为生产蛋白质纳米纤维的原料，并报告了优化的生产方法。改变形成条件会导致单个蛋白质纳米纤维组装成更大的结构。控制形态和形成更高阶结构的能力是自下而上组装生物材料的关键一步。细胞毒性试验表明，这些结构对哺乳动物细胞增殖没有不利影响。蛋白质纳米纤维有许多可能的应用; 在这里，我们通过简单的镀金工艺来说明它们作为纳米线形成模板的潜力。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Aromatic polypeptides have recently drawn the interest of the research community for their capability to self-assemble into a variety of functional nanostructures. Due to their interesting mechanical, electrical and optical properties, these nanostructures have been proposed as innovative materials in different biomedical, biotechnological and industrial fields. Recently, several efforts have been employed in the development of these innovative materials as nanoscale fluorescence (FL) imaging probes. In this context, we describe the synthesis and the functional properties of a novel fluorescent tyrosine (Tyr, Y)-based nanospheres, obtained by heating at 200 °C a solution of the PEGylated tetra-peptide PEG6-Y4. At room temperature, this peptide self-assembles into not fluorescent low ordered water-soluble fibrillary aggregates. After heating, the aggregation of different polyphenolic species generates Y4-based nanospheres able to emit FL into blue, green and red spectral regions, both in solution and at the solid state. The aggregation features of PEG6-Y4 before and after heating were studied using a set of complementary techniques (Fluorescence, CD, FT-IR, Small and Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering and SEM). After a deep investigation of their optoelectronic properties, these nanospheres could be exploited as promising tools for precise biomedicine in advanced nanomedical technologies (local bioimaging, light diagnostics, therapy, optogenetics and health monitoring).

背景与目标： : 芳香族多肽最近因其自组装成各种功能性纳米结构的能力而引起了研究界的兴趣。由于它们有趣的机械，电学和光学特性，这些纳米结构已被提出作为不同生物医学，生物技术和工业领域的创新材料。最近，已经在开发这些创新材料作为纳米级荧光 (FL) 成像探针方面进行了一些努力。在这种情况下，我们描述了一种新型的基于荧光酪氨酸 (Tyr，Y) 的纳米球的合成和功能特性，该纳米球是通过在200 °C加热聚乙二醇化的四肽PEG6-Y4的溶液而获得的。在室温下，该肽自组装成不荧光的低有序水溶性原纤维聚集体。加热后，不同多酚类物质的聚集产生Y4-based纳米球，该纳米球能够在溶液和固态下将FL发射到蓝色，绿色和红色光谱区域中。使用一组互补技术 (荧光，CD，ft-ir，小角和广角x射线散射和SEM) 研究了加热前后PEG6-Y4的聚集特征。在对其光电特性进行了深入研究之后，这些纳米球可以被用作先进纳米医学技术 (局部生物成像，光诊断，治疗，光遗传学和健康监测) 中精确生物医学的有前途的工具。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The purpose of this work was to develop a type of tissue-engineering scaffold or drug-delivery carrier with the capability of encapsulation and controlled release of dual drugs. In this study, Rhodamine B and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were successfully incorporated into nanofibers by means of blending or coaxial electrospinning. The morphology of composite nanofibers was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The composite nanofibrous mats made from coaxial electrospinning were characterized by X-ray diffraction. In vitro dual-drug release behaviors from composite nanofibrous mats were investigated. From the drug-release profiles, it shows that the location where the drug or protein is put into (into the core or shell of the nanofibers) can affect the drug-release profile in the coaxially electrospun fibers. The results imply that the drug- and/or protein-release profile in composite fibrous mats made from electrospinning can be controlled by altering the coaxial electrospinning process and has significant implications for a wide range of applications such as tissue regeneration, combined therapies or even cancer treatments.

背景与目标： : 这项工作的目的是开发一种具有包封和控制双重药物释放能力的组织工程支架或药物递送载体。在这项研究中，罗丹明b和牛血清白蛋白 (BSA) 通过共混或同轴静电纺丝成功地掺入了纳米纤维中。通过扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和透射电子显微镜 (TEM) 研究了复合纳米纤维的形态。通过x射线衍射对由同轴静电纺丝制成的复合纳米纤维垫进行了表征。研究了复合纳米纤维垫的体外双重药物释放行为。从药物释放曲线可以看出，药物或蛋白质放入 (进入纳米纤维的芯或壳) 的位置会影响同轴电纺纤维中的药物释放曲线。结果表明，由静电纺丝制成的复合纤维垫中的药物和/或蛋白质释放曲线可以通过改变同轴静电纺丝工艺来控制，并且对广泛的应用 (例如组织再生，联合疗法或甚至癌症) 具有重大意义治疗。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Scaffolds made of aligned nanofibers are favorable for nerve regeneration due to their superior nerve cell attachment and proliferation. However, it is challenging not only to produce a neat mat or a conduit form with aligned nanofibers but also to use these for surgical applications as a nerve guide conduit due to their insufficient mechanical strength. Furthermore, no studies have been reported on the fabrication of aligned nanofibers and randomly-oriented nanofibers on the same mat. In this study, we have successfully produced a mat with both aligned and randomly-oriented nanofibers by using a novel electrospinning set up. A new conduit with a highly-aligned electrospun mat is produced with this modified electrospinning method, and this proposed conduit with favorable features, such as selective permeability, hydrophilicity and nerve growth directional steering, were fabricated as nerve guide conduits (NGCs). The inner surface of the nerve conduit is covered with highly aligned electrospun nanofibers and is able to enhance the proliferation of neural cells. The central part of the tube is double-coated with randomly-oriented nanofibers over the aligned nanofibers, strengthening the weak mechanical strength of the aligned nanofibers.

背景与目标： : 由排列的纳米纤维制成的支架由于其优越的神经细胞附着和增殖而有利于神经再生。然而，由于它们的机械强度不足，不仅要生产整齐的垫或具有对齐的纳米纤维的导管形式，而且要将它们用作外科手术应用作为神经导管是具有挑战性的。此外，还没有关于在同一垫子上制备取向的纳米纤维和随机取向的纳米纤维的研究报道。在这项研究中，我们通过使用新颖的静电纺丝装置成功地生产出了具有对齐和随机取向的纳米纤维的垫子。用这种改进的静电纺丝方法生产了一种具有高度对准的电纺垫的新导管，并将这种具有良好特性 (例如选择性渗透性，亲水性和神经生长定向转向) 的导管制成神经导管 (NGCs)。神经导管的内表面覆盖有高度排列的电纺纳米纤维，能够增强神经细胞的增殖。管的中心部分在对齐的纳米纤维上双重涂覆有随机取向的纳米纤维，增强了对齐的纳米纤维的弱机械强度。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Convergence of biological and biofabrication approaches is necessary to progress new biomaterials promoting three-dimensional (3D) cell growth and maturation towards tissue regeneration and integration. Here, we have developed a novel approach to fabricate 3D macroporous, alginate/gelatin hydrogel nanofibers (Alg/GelF-MA), which provide superior cell adhesion, motility, proliferation and maturation. The electrospinning process greatly depends on the ionic strength and viscoelastic behavior of the solution. The polyelectrolyte nature of alginate favors intramolecular bundles over intermolecular entanglement, which hinders its electrospinnability. Electrospinning of alginate was achieved by the aid of a supporting polymer, polyethylene oxide and a surfactant, Pluronic®F127. Furthermore, the Ca2+-mediated coagulation process of alginate was realized in situ during wet electrospinning, where the rapid physical crosslink-ability of alginate was applied in conjunction with the jet entrance into the wet electrospinning collector, a coagulation bath. Consequently, the rapid formation of Ca2+-alginate complex stabilized the nanofiber morphology. The low surface tension of the non-solvent ethanol used in the bath prevented fibers from dense packing, thus allowing the generation of 3D macroporous structure favoring cell motility. The subsequent UV-mediated chemical crosslinking further stabilized the gelatin content in the Alg/GelF-MA hydrogel nanofibers. It is demonstrated that the Alg/GelF-MA nanofibers with low cytotoxicity (below 10%) supported an over 8-fold proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells over 5 weeks and supported the maturation of human iPSC-derived ventricular cardiomyocytes, which significantly outperform the cell encapsulated bulk GelF-MA hydrogel. The work provides an insight for rational design and development of 3D cell culture matrix for advancement of stem cell therapy and tissue regeneration.

背景与目标： : 生物和生物制造方法的融合对于促进新的生物材料促进三维 (3D) 细胞生长和成熟向组织再生和整合是必要的。在这里，我们开发了一种新颖的方法来制造3D大孔，藻酸盐/明胶水凝胶纳米纤维 (Alg/GelF-MA)，该纤维可提供优异的细胞粘附性，运动性，增殖和成熟。静电纺丝过程在很大程度上取决于溶液的离子强度和粘弹性行为。藻酸盐的聚电解质性质有利于分子内束而不是分子间缠结，这阻碍了其电纺丝性。通过支持聚合物聚环氧乙烷和表面活性剂Pluronic实现了藻酸盐的静电纺丝。®F127。此外，在湿法静电纺丝过程中原位实现了Ca2介导的藻酸盐凝结过程，其中藻酸盐的快速物理交联能力与射流进入湿法静电纺丝收集器 (凝结浴) 的入口相结合。因此，Ca2-藻酸盐络合物的快速形成稳定了纳米纤维的形态。浴中使用的非溶剂乙醇的低表面张力可防止纤维致密堆积，从而产生有利于细胞运动的3D大孔结构。随后的UV介导的化学交联进一步稳定了Alg/GelF-MA水凝胶纳米纤维中的明胶含量。已证明具有低细胞毒性 (低于10%) 的Alg/GelF-MA纳米纤维在5周内支持间充质干细胞的8倍以上增殖，并支持人iPSC衍生的心室心肌细胞的成熟，这显着优于细胞封装的块状GelF-MA水凝胶。该工作为合理设计和开发3D细胞培养基质以促进干细胞治疗和组织再生提供了见识。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Cellulose nanofibers were extracted from the agricultural residues, wheat straw and soy hulls, by a chemi-mechanical technique to examine their potential for use as reinforcement fibers in biocomposite applications. The structure of the cellulose nanofibers was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The wheat straw nanofibers were determined to have diameters in the range of 10-80 nm and lengths of a few thousand nanometers. By comparison, the soy hull nanofibers had diameter 20-120 nm and shorter lengths than the wheat straw nanofibers. Chemical characterization of the wheat straw nanofibers confirmed that the cellulose content was increased from 43% to 84% by an applied alkali and acid treatment. FT-IR spectroscopic analysis of both fibers demonstrated that this chemical treatment also led to partial removal of hemicelluloses and lignin from the structure of the fibers. PXRD results revealed that this resulted in improved crystallinity of the fibers. After mechanical treatments of cryocrushing, disintegration and defibrillation, the thermal properties of the nanofibers were studied by the TGA technique and found to increase dramatically. The degradation temperature of both nanofiber types reached beyond 290 degrees C. This value is reasonably promising for the use of these nanofibers in reinforced-polymer manufacturing.

背景与目标： : 通过化学机械技术从农业残留物，小麦秸秆和大豆壳中提取纤维素纳米纤维，以研究其在生物复合材料应用中用作增强纤维的潜力。通过透射电子显微镜研究了纤维素纳米纤维的结构。确定麦草纳米纤维的直径在10-80 nm范围内，长度为几千纳米。相比之下，大豆壳纳米纤维的直径为20-120纳米，长度比麦草纳米纤维短。小麦秸秆纳米纤维的化学表征证实，通过施用碱和酸处理，纤维素含量从43% 增加到84%。两种纤维的ft-ir光谱分析表明，这种化学处理还导致从纤维结构中部分去除半纤维素和木质素。PXRD结果表明，这提高了纤维的结晶度。经过低温，崩解和除颤的机械处理后，通过TGA技术研究了纳米纤维的热性能，发现其显着提高。两种纳米纤维类型的降解温度均超过290 ℃。对于在增强聚合物制造中使用这些纳米纤维，该值是合理的有希望的。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Biomedical applications ranging from tissue engineering to drug delivery systems require versatile biomaterials based on the scalable and tunable production of biopolymer nanofibers under physiological conditions. These requirements can be successfully met by a novel extrusion process through nanoporous aluminum oxide templates, which is presented in this study. With this simple method we are able to control the nanofiber diameter by chosing the size of the nanopores and the concentration of the biopolymer feed solution. Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements can be achieved with a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin. The extrusion of nanofibers can even be applied to the polysaccharides hyaluronan, chitosan and chondroitin sulphate. Moreover, blends of different proteins or proteins and polysaccharides can be extruded into composite nanofibers. With these features our template-assisted extrusion process will lead to new avenues in the development of nanofibrous biomaterials.

背景与目标： : 从组织工程到药物递送系统的生物医学应用需要基于生理条件下生物聚合物纳米纤维的可扩展和可调生产的多功能生物材料。通过纳米多孔氧化铝模板的新颖挤出工艺可以成功满足这些要求，这在本研究中提出。通过这种简单的方法，我们能够通过选择纳米孔的大小和生物聚合物进料溶液的浓度来控制纳米纤维的直径。可以使用多种不同的蛋白质来实现纳米纤维组装成不同的分层纤维排列，从细胞内蛋白肌动蛋白，α-肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白到细胞外基质成分胶原蛋白，纤连蛋白，纤维蛋白原，弹性蛋白和层粘连蛋白。纳米纤维的挤出甚至可以应用于多糖透明质酸，壳聚糖和硫酸软骨素。此外，可以将不同蛋白质或蛋白质与多糖的混合物挤出到复合纳米纤维中。有了这些功能，我们的模板辅助挤出工艺将为纳米纤维生物材料的开发开辟新的途径。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The present investigation is aiming to prepare Sodium Alginate (SA) - Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibrous mats of Forskolin (FSK) for ocular delivery to treat the glaucoma. Nanofibers of SA: PVA (1:0.25) load with β- cyclodextrin- FSK solid dispersion were successfully prepared by an electrospinning technique. Eight formulations were Prepared and evaluated for drug content, scanning electron microscopy, degree of swelling, drug release and In Vivo Intra ocular pressure (IOP) reduction studies. The morphological studies revealed that average diameter of prepare nano fibers were decreased for formulations with low polymer concentration. Less diameter and uniform surface was observed for formulations F4 and F8 which are prepared under applied voltage 20kV, Capillary tip-to-Collector distance 15cm conditions. From the degree of swelling studies, it was observed that thinner the nanofiber mats, the greater the degree of swelling. The burst release within one hour was seen for F1 to F4 formulations whereas up to 90 min for F5 to F8 formulations. Release kinetic studies revealed that release of drug from the Nanofibrous mats have followed zero order kinetics. The results of in vivo IOP reduction studies suggested that FSK loaded Nanofibrous mats formulation (F4) produced a significant and controlled reduction in IOP throughout 45h.

背景与目标： : 本研究旨在制备福司可林 (FSK) 的海藻酸钠 (SA) -聚乙烯醇 (PVA) 纳米纤维垫，用于眼部递送以治疗青光眼。通过静电纺丝技术成功制备了SA: PVA (1:0.25) 负载 β-环糊精-FSK固体分散体的纳米纤维。制备了八种制剂，并评估了药物含量，扫描电子显微镜，肿胀程度，药物释放和体内眼内压 (IOP) 降低研究。形态学研究表明，对于低聚合物浓度的配方，制备的纳米纤维的平均直径减小。对于在施加电压20kV、毛细管尖端到收集器距离15厘米条件下制备的制剂F4和F8，观察到直径更小且表面均匀。从溶胀程度的研究中，观察到纳米纤维垫越薄，溶胀程度越大。对于F1至F4制剂，在一小时内观察到爆裂释放，而对于F5至F8制剂，最多90分钟。释放动力学研究表明，纳米纤维垫中药物的释放遵循零级动力学。体内IOP降低研究的结果表明，FSK负载的纳米纤维垫制剂 (F4) 在整个45小时内产生了显着且可控的IOP降低。