Cellulose nanofibers were extracted from the agricultural residues, wheat straw and soy hulls, by a chemi-mechanical technique to examine their potential for use as reinforcement fibers in biocomposite applications. The structure of the cellulose nanofibers was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The wheat straw nanofibers were determined to have diameters in the range of 10-80 nm and lengths of a few thousand nanometers. By comparison, the soy hull nanofibers had diameter 20-120 nm and shorter lengths than the wheat straw nanofibers. Chemical characterization of the wheat straw nanofibers confirmed that the cellulose content was increased from 43% to 84% by an applied alkali and acid treatment. FT-IR spectroscopic analysis of both fibers demonstrated that this chemical treatment also led to partial removal of hemicelluloses and lignin from the structure of the fibers. PXRD results revealed that this resulted in improved crystallinity of the fibers. After mechanical treatments of cryocrushing, disintegration and defibrillation, the thermal properties of the nanofibers were studied by the TGA technique and found to increase dramatically. The degradation temperature of both nanofiber types reached beyond 290 degrees C. This value is reasonably promising for the use of these nanofibers in reinforced-polymer manufacturing.

译文

通过化学机械技术从农业残留物,小麦秸秆和大豆壳中提取纤维素纳米纤维,以研究其在生物复合材料应用中用作增强纤维的潜力。通过透射电子显微镜研究了纤维素纳米纤维的结构。确定麦草纳米纤维的直径在10-80 nm范围内,长度为几千纳米。相比之下,大豆壳纳米纤维的直径为20-120纳米,长度比麦草纳米纤维短。小麦秸秆纳米纤维的化学表征证实,通过施用碱和酸处理,纤维素含量从43% 增加到84%。两种纤维的ft-ir光谱分析表明,这种化学处理还导致从纤维结构中部分去除半纤维素和木质素。PXRD结果表明,这提高了纤维的结晶度。经过低温,崩解和除颤的机械处理后,通过TGA技术研究了纳米纤维的热性能,发现其显着提高。两种纳米纤维类型的降解温度均超过290 ℃。对于在增强聚合物制造中使用这些纳米纤维,该值是合理的有希望的。

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