Biomedical applications ranging from tissue engineering to drug delivery systems require versatile biomaterials based on the scalable and tunable production of biopolymer nanofibers under physiological conditions. These requirements can be successfully met by a novel extrusion process through nanoporous aluminum oxide templates, which is presented in this study. With this simple method we are able to control the nanofiber diameter by chosing the size of the nanopores and the concentration of the biopolymer feed solution. Nanofiber assembly into different hierarchical fiber arrangements can be achieved with a wide variety of different proteins ranging from the intracellular proteins actin, α-actinin and myosin to the extracellular matrix components collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin and laminin. The extrusion of nanofibers can even be applied to the polysaccharides hyaluronan, chitosan and chondroitin sulphate. Moreover, blends of different proteins or proteins and polysaccharides can be extruded into composite nanofibers. With these features our template-assisted extrusion process will lead to new avenues in the development of nanofibrous biomaterials.

译文

从组织工程到药物递送系统的生物医学应用需要基于生理条件下生物聚合物纳米纤维的可扩展和可调生产的多功能生物材料。通过纳米多孔氧化铝模板的新颖挤出工艺可以成功满足这些要求,这在本研究中提出。通过这种简单的方法,我们能够通过选择纳米孔的大小和生物聚合物进料溶液的浓度来控制纳米纤维的直径。可以使用多种不同的蛋白质来实现纳米纤维组装成不同的分层纤维排列,从细胞内蛋白肌动蛋白,α-肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白到细胞外基质成分胶原蛋白,纤连蛋白,纤维蛋白原,弹性蛋白和层粘连蛋白。纳米纤维的挤出甚至可以应用于多糖透明质酸,壳聚糖和硫酸软骨素。此外,可以将不同蛋白质或蛋白质与多糖的混合物挤出到复合纳米纤维中。有了这些功能,我们的模板辅助挤出工艺将为纳米纤维生物材料的开发开辟新的途径。

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