BACKGROUND & AIMS: :A major traditional of antibacterial drugs is antibiotic which promotes more rapid release of the toxins from bacteria cells in human body, which causes severe infection. The thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) has been proposed as a major virulence factor of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp). This study covers the preparation of polymer microparticle-antibody conjugate for the development of a drug targeting approach for antibacterial drug delivery. The chemical binding of antibodies (ab) to latex bead of 0.2 mum diameter was performed by using a water-soluble carbodiimide technique. Confocal microscopy revealed that the bacteria were strongly absorbed by the latex beads with bound anti-Vp polyclonal antibody (pAb). Treatment with a latex bead bound both anti-Vp pAb and anti-TDH monoclonal antibody (mAb) significantly inhibited bacterial adherence to the Caco-2 cells (p < 0.01), and reduced TDH-induced cytotoxicity in histology. These preliminary results suggest that it may be possible to effectively protect against Vp infection by using this microparticle-antibody conjugate delivery system.

背景与目标： 抗菌药物的主要传统是抗生素，它促进人体细菌细胞中毒素的更快释放，从而引起严重的感染。已提出热稳定的直接溶血素 (TDH) 作为副溶血性弧菌 (Vp) 的主要毒力因子。这项研究涵盖了聚合物微粒-抗体偶联物的制备，用于开发用于抗菌药物递送的药物靶向方法。通过使用水溶性碳二亚胺技术进行抗体 (ab) 与直径为0.2的乳胶珠的化学结合。共聚焦显微镜显示，细菌被结合了抗Vp多克隆抗体 (pAb) 的乳胶珠强烈吸收。用结合抗Vp pAb和抗TDH单克隆抗体 (mAb) 的乳胶珠处理可显着抑制细菌对Caco-2细胞的粘附 (p <0.01)，并降低组织学中TDH诱导的细胞毒性。这些初步结果表明，通过使用这种微粒-抗体缀合物递送系统，有可能有效地预防Vp感染。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The design and study on recognition of paracetamol-imprinted polymer for application in quantification of drugs was reported. Base on our previous work, the promising monomer, itaconic acid (IA), was computationally selected rapidly from the virtual library using the interaction energy (DeltaE) between a paracetamol (PR) molecule and four monomer molecules as a measure of their interaction. The possible conformation of PR interacting with IA displayed the nature of the interaction between PR and IA; hydrogen bonds (hbs) mainly contribute to this interaction. UV spectra analysis confirmed the occurrence of the hbs interaction between PR and IA at the polymerization stage. The optimal solvents for porogen and eluant were determined by the strength of hbs interaction between PR and the solvents, which were calculated employing density functional theory. The corresponding molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and non-imprinted polymers were prepared and evaluated. The experimental results were consistent with those calculated, which confirmed the validity of the above-related calculation believed to facilitate the selection of monomers and solvents for the synthesis of MIP at molecular level.

背景与目标： 报道了扑热息痛印迹聚合物在药物定量中的识别设计和研究。基于我们先前的工作，使用扑热息痛 (PR) 分子与四个单体分子之间的相互作用能 (DeltaE)，从虚拟库中快速选择了有前途的单体衣康酸 (IA)，作为它们相互作用的量度。PR与IA相互作用的可能构象显示了PR和IA之间相互作用的性质; 氢键 (hbs) 主要促成这种相互作用。紫外光谱分析证实了在聚合阶段PR和IA之间发生了hbs相互作用。通过PR与溶剂之间hbs相互作用的强度确定了致孔剂和洗脱剂的最佳溶剂，并采用密度泛函理论计算了这些溶剂。制备并评估了相应的分子印迹聚合物 (MIPs) 和非印迹聚合物。实验结果与计算结果一致，这证实了上述相关计算的有效性，该计算被认为有助于在分子水平上选择用于合成MIP的单体和溶剂。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Gas evolution in Li-ion batteries remains a barrier for the implementation of high voltage materials in a pouch cell format; the inflation of the pouch cell is a safety issue that can cause battery failure. In particular, for manganese-based materials employed for fabricating cathodes, the dissolution of Mn2+ in the electrolyte can accelerate cell degradation, and subsequently gas evolution, of which carbon dioxide (CO2) is a major component. We report on the utilization of a mixture of polymers that can chemically absorb the CO2, including the coating of aluminum foils, which serve as trapping sheets, introduced into two Ah pouch cells-based on a LiMnFePO4 (cathode) and a Li4Ti5O12 (anode). The pouch cells with trapping sheets experienced only an 8.0 vol% inflation (2.7 mmol CO2 per gram of polymers) as opposed to the 40 vol% inflation for the reference sample. Moreover, the cells were cycled for 570 cycles at 1 C and 45 °C before reaching 80% of their retention capacity.

背景与目标： : 锂离子电池中的气体逸出仍然是实施袋式电池形式的高压材料的障碍; 袋式电池的充气是可能导致电池故障的安全问题。特别地，对于用于制造阴极的基于锰的材料，Mn2在电解质中的溶解可以加速电池的降解，并随后加速气体的释放，其中二氧化碳 (CO2) 是主要成分。我们报告了一种可以化学吸收CO2的聚合物混合物的利用，包括铝箔涂层，作为捕获片，引入两个Ah袋电池-基于LiMnFePO4 (阴极) 和Li4Ti5O12 (阳极)。与参考样品的40体积 % 的膨胀相反，具有捕获片的小袋细胞仅经历8.0体积 % 的膨胀 (2.7摩尔CO2/克聚合物)。此外，在达到其保留能力的80% 之前，将细胞在1 c和45  °C下循环570个循环。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: AIMS:Restenosis has been the principal limitation of bare metal stents. Based upon the presumption that platelet and inflammatory cell recruitment initiate neointimal proliferation, we explored a novel polymer coating that reduces cell-stent interactions. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of poly(L-lysine)-graft-poly(ethyleneglycol) (PLL-g-PEG) adsorbed to stent surfaces to reduce neointimal hyperplasia in the porcine restenosis model. METHODS AND RESULTS:Seven animals were instrumented each with 2 stainless steel stents (15 mm length, 2.5-3.5 mm diameter), randomly implanted in 1 major epicardial coronary artery. One stent was dip-coated with PLL-g-PEG, whereas the other stent served as the uncoated control stent. All animals were sacrificed after 6 weeks for histological examination. Neointimal hyperplasia was significantly less (-51%) in the PLL-g-PEG-coated stents (1.15 +/- 0.59 mm2) than in the uncoated control stents (2.33 +/- 1.01 mm2; p < 0.001). Conversely, lumen size was larger in the PLL-g-PEG-coated stents (2.91 +/- 1.17 mm2) than in the uncoated stents (2.04 +/- 0.64 mm2; p < 0.001). High magnification histomorphologic examination revealed no signs of inflammation or thrombus formation in either stent group. CONCLUSIONS:Polymeric steric stabilization of stents with PLL-g-PEG significantly reduces neointimal hyperplasia in the porcine restenosis model. Reduction of cell-stent interactions mediated by PLL-g-PEG appear to improve biocompatibility of stainless steel stents without evidence of adverse inflammatory or prothrombotic effects.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Banknotes are often found in high-profile crimes such as armed robberies, bribery, and terrorist activity. However, such exhibits present a challenge to forensic operatives regarding fingermarks development, due to their mass quantities, potential for fingermarks on both sides, and their unique complex background in terms of color, irregular patterns, and topography. Hence, the standard development protocols become inefficient, due to the difficulty in achieving high contrast images over the background. This study focused on finding an operational sequence that would minimize the time of work on polymer banknotes, in terms of both development and image processing. Thirty-two fingermarks were developed by vacuum metal deposition (VMD), black magnetic powder, and cyanoacrylate fuming (CA) followed by visualization and imaging by reflected short-wave UV (RUVIS) (96 in total), showing a distinct advantage to the CA and RUVIS imaging over the other two techniques with a 75% success rate in the dark and high background regions, due to its physical principle which neutralizes high background interference. The images were then scanned by the automatic fingerprint identification system (AFIS) to test its ability to correctly differentiate false background features from real ones, again, showing a superiority of the RUVIS with 63% of the total initial marked features, being real. Overall, the CA and RUVIS sequence was found to be an ultimate method for multiple, same-type surfaces, with the RUVIS capable of visualization and capturing of the images simultaneously, significantly reducing the time of development and image processing.

背景与目标： : 纸币经常出现在武装抢劫、贿赂、恐怖活动等备受瞩目的犯罪中。然而，由于指纹的数量，两侧的指纹潜力以及在颜色，不规则图案和地形方面独特的复杂背景，此类展品对法医人员的指纹开发提出了挑战。因此，由于难以在背景上获得高对比度图像，因此标准开发协议变得效率低下。这项研究的重点是找到一种操作顺序，该顺序可以在显影和图像处理方面最大程度地减少聚合物钞票的工作时间。通过真空金属沉积 (VMD)，黑色磁粉和氰基丙烯酸酯发烟 (CA)，然后通过反射短波UV (RUVIS) 进行可视化和成像 (总共96)，开发了32个指纹。由于其抵消高背景干扰的物理原理，显示出CA和RUVIS成像相对于其他两种技术的明显优势，在黑暗和高背景区域具有75% 的成功率。然后由自动指纹识别系统 (AFIS) 扫描图像，以测试其正确区分虚假背景特征与真实背景特征的能力，再次显示出RUVIS的优越性，其中63% 的全部初始标记特征是真实的。总体而言，发现CA和RUVIS序列是用于多个相同类型表面的最终方法，RUVIS能够同时可视化和捕获图像，从而显着减少了显影和图像处理的时间。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Clearly understanding of swelling kinetics and erosion behavior of polymer can reveal drug release mechanism and kinetics. Recently, swelling progression and mobility of water molecule inside polymers have been investigated by several technologies, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray microtomography (XμT), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), fluorescent, texture analyzer, and ultrasound techniques. Each technique offers its own advantages which suit to different study purposes. This review describes application of the advanced technologies to monitor swelling-erosion behaviors and also compares pros and cons of each technique. This may help the researchers to select the appropriate technique for their polymer.

背景与目标： : 清楚地了解聚合物的溶胀动力学和侵蚀行为，可以揭示药物的释放机理和动力学。最近，已经通过多种技术研究了聚合物内部水分子的溶胀进程和迁移率，包括磁共振成像 (MRI)，x射线显微断层扫描 (XμT)，傅立叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR)，原子力显微镜 (AFM)，荧光，纹理分析仪和超声技术。每种技术都有自己的优势，适合不同的研究目的。本文介绍了先进技术在监测溶胀侵蚀行为方面的应用，并比较了每种技术的优缺点。这可能有助于研究人员为他们的聚合物选择合适的技术。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of short fiber-reinforced composite resin, with a semi-IPN-polymer matrix, on polymerization resin shrinkage-strain, shrinkage stress and marginal microleakage of the restoration. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Experimental composite FC resin was prepared by mixing 22.5 wt.% of short E-glass fibers, 22.5 wt.% of IPN-resin and 55 wt.% of silane treated silica fillers using a high speed mixing machine. As control material, commercial particulate filler composite resin (PFC) was used. Polymerization shrinkage-strain and stress of the specimens (n=5) were measured using the bonded-disc technique and tensilometer, respectively with respect to time. FC composite and PFC were placed incrementally in class II cavities sized 4 mm x 4 mm x 6 mm (n=8/group) using total-etch adhesive system according to manufacturer's instructions. After the class II restorations were completed, the specimens were finished and polished, thermocycled, stained, sectioned, and viewed under a stereo-microscope for leakage at occlusal/enamel and gingival/dentin margins. The data were analyzed using ANOVA. RESULTS:ANOVA revealed that restorations made from experimental FC composite had a significantly lower shrinkage stress and microleakage than those made from PFC (p<0.05). The data show that gingival margins had higher microleakage than that obtained from occlusal margins of restorations (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The use of short fiber filler with semi-IPN polymer matrix reduced polymerization shrinkage stress and microleakage compared to a conventional restorative composite.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The objective of this study was to synthesize and characterize a thermally responsive polymer-metal nanocomposite system comprised of a solid gold nanoparticle core and thermally responsive interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) shell, which was surface functionalized or PEGylated with a covalently bound linear poly(ethylene glycol) chain layer. Gold nanoparticles (50 nm diameter) were prepared using standard gold chloride and citrate reduction method. These particles were then encapsulated inside of a polyacrylamide (PAAm)/poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) IPN shell via an in situ inverse emulsion polymerization. The surface of the nanocomposite system was then PEGylated via covalent grafting of a linear methoxy-PEG-N-hydroxysuccinimide (M.W. 3400) to the primary amine groups of the PAAm network. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to confirm the successful synthesis and encapsulation of gold nanoparticles within the IPN shell. Dynamic light scattering was used to examine the temperature swelling response of the IPN particles. Zeta-potential analysis was used to confirm the successful PEGylation of the final nanocomposite system.

背景与目标： : 本研究的目的是合成和表征热响应聚合物-金属纳米复合材料体系，该体系由固体金纳米颗粒核和热响应互穿聚合物网络 (IPN) 壳组成，该体系被共价结合的线性聚乙二醇链层表面官能化或聚乙二醇化。使用标准氯化金和柠檬酸盐还原法制备了直径为50 nm的金纳米颗粒。然后通过原位反相乳液聚合将这些颗粒封装在聚丙烯酰胺 (PAAm)/聚 (丙烯酸) (PAA) IPN壳内。然后通过将线性甲氧基-PEG-N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺 (M.W. 3400) 共价接枝到PAAm网络的伯胺基团，使纳米复合体系的表面聚乙二醇化。扫描和透射电子显微镜用于确认金纳米颗粒在IPN壳中的成功合成和封装。动态光散射用于检查IPN颗粒的温度溶胀响应。Zeta电位分析用于确认最终纳米复合材料系统的成功peg化。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The aim of the present study was to establish a novel polymeric excipient for liquid nasal dosage forms exhibiting viscosity increasing properties, improved mucoadhesion and stability towards oxidation in solution. In order to achieve this goal, 2-mercaptonicotinic acid was first coupled to l-cysteine by disulfide exchange reaction and after purification directly attached to the polymeric backbone of xanthan gum by carbodiimide mediated amide bond formation. The resulting conjugate was characterized with respect to the amount of coupled ligand, the in situ gelling behavior, mucoadhesive properties and stability towards oxidation. Furthermore, the influence of preactivated polymers on ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of porcine nasal epithelial cells was investigated. Results showed, that 252.52±20.54μmol of the ligand was attached per gram polymer. No free thiol groups could be detected on the polymeric backbone indicating entire preactivation. Rheological investigations of polymer mucus mixtures revealed a 1.7-fold and 2.5-fold enhanced mucoadhesion of entirely preactivated xanthan (Xan-Cys-MNA) compared to thiolated xanthan (Xan-Cys) and unmodified xanthan (Xan). Tensile force evaluation reported a 2.87 and 5.11-fold higher total work of adhesion (TWA) as well as a 1.63 and 2.41-fold higher maximum detachement force of Xan-Cys-MNA compared to Xan-Cys and Xan. In the presence of H2O2 as an oxidizing agent Xan-Cys-MNA showed unlike Xan-Cys no increase in viscosity, indicating high stability towards oxidation. Addition of CaCl2 to Xan-Cys-MNA solutions caused a decrease in viscosity at nevertheless higher total viscosity. Results from CBF studies proved nasal safety for the novel conjugate. According to these results, entirely preactivated thiolated xanthan gum seems to be a promising excipient for nasal dosage forms in order to improve drug bioavailability.

背景与目标： : 本研究的目的是建立一种用于液体鼻剂型的新型聚合物赋形剂，该剂型具有增加粘度的特性，改善的粘膜粘附性和对溶液中氧化的稳定性。为了实现这一目标，首先通过二硫键交换反应将2-巯基丙酸与l-半胱氨酸偶联，并在纯化后通过碳二亚胺介导的酰胺键形成直接连接到黄原胶的聚合物骨架上。所得缀合物的特征在于偶联配体的量，原位胶凝行为，粘膜粘附特性和对氧化的稳定性。此外，还研究了预活化聚合物对猪鼻腔上皮细胞睫状搏动频率 (CBF) 的影响。结果表明，每克聚合物连接252.52 ± 20.54 μ mol配体。在聚合物骨架上未检测到游离的硫醇基团，表明完全预活化。聚合物粘液混合物的流变学研究表明，与硫醇化的黄烷 (Xan-Cys-MNA) 和未改性的黄烷 (Xan) 相比，完全预活化的黄烷 (Xan-Cys-MNA) 的粘膜粘附增强了1.7倍和2.5倍。与Xan-Cys和Xan相比，拉伸力评估报告的粘附力总功 (TWA) 高2.87 5.11倍，Xan-Cys-MNA的最大分离力1.63 2.41倍。在H2O2作为氧化剂的存在下，Xan-Cys-MNA与Xan-Cys不同，粘度没有增加，表明氧化的稳定性很高。在Xan-Cys-MNA溶液中添加CaCl2会导致总粘度较高的情况下粘度降低。CBF研究的结果证明了新型结合物的鼻安全性。根据这些结果，为了提高药物的生物利用度，完全预活化的硫醇化黄原胶似乎是鼻剂型的有希望的赋形剂。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Polymer conjugation is an efficient approach to improve therapeutic properties of drugs and biological agents. Since the first synthetic polymer-drug conjugate entered clinical trials in 1994, this technology has undergone notable development for the introduction and study of novel polymers and for the progress in the biological rationale for designing conjugates. Not surprisingly, new polymers, in addition to the best known polyethylene glycol, poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide], are continuously conjugated with drugs to achieve biodegradable, stimuli-sensitive and targeted systems in an attempt to prolong blood circulation times and enhance drug concentrations at the intended site of action. This overview focuses on bioconjugates of water-soluble polymers with low molecular weight drugs. Additionally, the most recent achievements in the polymer-drug conjugate field and several promising approaches for the future are discussed.

背景与目标： : 聚合物缀合是改善药物和生物制剂治疗性能的有效方法。自从第一个合成的聚合物-药物缀合物进入临床试验1994年以来，该技术在新型聚合物的引入和研究以及设计缀合物的生物学原理方面取得了显着进展。毫不奇怪，新的聚合物，除了最著名的聚乙二醇，聚 [N-(2-羟丙基) 甲基丙烯酰胺]，不断与药物缀合以实现可生物降解，刺激敏感和靶向系统试图延长血液循环时间并提高药物在预期作用部位的浓度。这一概述集中于水溶性聚合物与低分子量药物的生物缀合物。此外，讨论了聚合物-药物共轭领域的最新成就以及未来的几种有前途的方法。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Core/shell (C/S)-structured upconversion nanophosphor (UCNP)-incorporated polymer waveguide-based flexible transparent displays are demonstrated. Bright green- and blue-emitting Li(Gd,Y)F4:Yb,Er and Li(Gd,Y)F4:Yb,Tm UCNPs are synthesized via solution chemical route. Their upconversion luminescence (UCL) intensities are enhanced by the formation of C/S structure with LiYF4 shell. The Li(Gd,Y)F4:Yb,Er/LiYF4 and Li(Gd,Y)F4:Yb,Tm/LiYF4 C/S UCNPs exhibit 3.3 and 2.0 times higher UCL intensities than core counterparts, respectively. In addition, NaGdF4:Yb,Tm/NaGdF4:Eu C/S UCNPs are synthesized and they show red emission via energy transfer and migration of Yb3+ → Tm3+ → Gd3+ → Eu3+. The C/S UCNPs are incorporated into bisphenol A ethoxylate diacrylate which is used as a core material of polymer waveguides. The fabricated stripe-type polymer waveguides are highly flexible and transparent (transmittance > 90% in spectral range of 443-900 nm). The polymer waveguides exhibit bright blue, green, and red luminescence, depending on the incorporated UCNPs into the polymer core, under coupling with a near infrared (NIR) laser. Moreover, patterned polymer waveguide-based display devices are fabricated by reactive ion etching process and they realize bright blue-, green-, and red-colored characters under coupling with an NIR laser.

背景与目标： : 展示了芯/壳 (C/S) 结构的上转换纳米磷酸盐 (UCNP) 结合的基于聚合物波导的柔性透明显示器。通过溶液化学路线合成了亮绿色和蓝色的Li(Gd，Y)F4:Yb，Er和Li(Gd，Y)F4:Yb，Tm UCNPs。通过与LiYF4壳层形成C/S结构，它们的上转换发光 (UCL) 强度得到增强。Li(Gd，Y)F4:Yb、Er/LiYF4和Li(Gd，Y)F4:Yb、Tm/LiYF4 C/S UCNPs分别表现出比核心对应物高3.3和2.0倍的UCL强度。此外，合成了NaGdF4:Yb，Tm/NaGdF4:Eu C/S ucnp，它们通过能量转移和Yb3 +  →   Tm3 +  →   Gd3 + →→   Eu3 + 的迁移显示红色发射。将C/S ucnp掺入双酚a乙氧基二丙烯酸酯中，该双酚a乙氧基二丙烯酸酯用作聚合物波导的核心材料。所制造的条纹型聚合物波导是高度柔性和透明的 (在443-900  nm的光谱范围内透射  >  90%)。聚合物波导在与近红外 (NIR) 激光器耦合的情况下，显示出明亮的蓝色，绿色和红色发光，具体取决于掺入聚合物核中的ucnp。此外，图案化的基于聚合物波导的显示设备是通过反应离子蚀刻工艺制造的，它们在与NIR激光器耦合的情况下实现了明亮的蓝色，绿色和红色特征。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :D-configured poly(D-lactic acid) (D-PLA) and poly(D-2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid) (D-P2H3MB) crystallized separately into their homo-crystallites when crystallized by precipitation or solvent evaporation, whereas incorporation of L-configured poly(L-2-hydroxybutanoic acid) (L-P2HB) in D-configured D-PLA and D-P2H3MB induced co-crystallization or ternary stereocomplex formation between D-configured D-PLA and D-P2H3MB and L-configured L-P2HB. However, incorporation of D-configured poly(D-2-hydroxybutanoic acid) (D-P2HB) in D-configured D-PLA and D-P2H3MB did not cause co-crystallization between D-configured D-PLA and D-P2H3MB and D-configured D-P2HB but separate crystallization of each polymer occurred. These findings strongly suggest that an optically active polymer (L-configured or D-configured polymer) like unsubstituted or substituted optically active poly(lactic acid)s can act as "a configurational or helical molecular glue" for two oppositely configured optically active polymers (two D-configured polymers or two L-configured polymers) to allow their co-crystallization. The increased degree of freedom in polymer combination is expected to assist to pave the way for designing polymeric composites having a wide variety of physical properties, biodegradation rate and behavior in the case of biodegradable polymers.

背景与目标： : D型聚 (D-乳酸) (D-PLA) 和聚 (D-2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic) (D-P2H3MB) 在通过沉淀或溶剂蒸发结晶时分别结晶成其同型微晶，而将L-配置的聚 (L-2-hydroxybutanoic) (L-P2HB) 掺入D-配置的D-PLA中并D-P2H3MB诱导D-配置的D-PLA与D-P2H3MB和L-配置的L-P2HB之间的共结晶或三元立体复合物形成。然而，D-配置的聚 (D-2-hydroxybutanoic) (D-P2HB) 在D-配置的D-PLA和D-P2H3MB中的掺入不会引起D-配置的D-PLA与D-P2H3MB和D-配置的D-P2HB之间的共结晶，但是发生了每种聚合物的单独结晶。这些发现强烈表明，光学活性聚合物 (L型或D型聚合物) (如未取代或取代的光学活性聚乳酸) 可以充当两种相反配置的光学活性聚合物 (两种D型聚合物或两种L型聚合物) 的 “构型或螺旋分子胶” 聚合物) 以使其共结晶。聚合物组合中增加的自由度有望有助于为设计具有多种物理性能，生物降解速率和在可生物降解聚合物的情况下的行为的聚合物复合材料铺平道路。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We report the reactive layer-by-layer assembly of amine-reactive polymer multilayers using an azlactone-functionalized polymer and small-molecule diamine linkers. This approach yields cross-linked polymer/linker-type films that can be further functionalized, after fabrication, by treatment with functional primary amines, and provides opportunities to incorporate other useful functionality that can be difficult to introduce using other polyamine building blocks. Films fabricated using poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone) (PVDMA) and three model nondegradable aliphatic diamine linkers yielded reactive thin films that were stable upon incubation in physiologically relevant media. By contrast, films fabricated using PVDMA and varying amounts of the model disulfide-containing diamine linker cystamine were stable in normal physiological media, but were unstable and eroded rapidly upon exposure to chemical reducing agents. We demonstrate that this approach can be used to fabricate functionalized polymer microcapsules that degrade in reducing environments, and that rates of erosion, extents of capsule swelling, and capsule degradation can be tuned by control over the relative concentration of cystamine linker used during fabrication. The polymer/linker approach used here expands the range of properties and functions that can be designed into reactive PVDMA-based coatings, including functionality that can degrade, erode, and undergo triggered destruction in aqueous environments. We therefore anticipate that these approaches will be useful for the functionalization, patterning, and customization of coatings, membranes, capsules, and interfaces of potential utility in biotechnical or biomedical contexts and other areas where degradation and transience are desired. The proof of concept strategies reported here are likely to be general, and should prove useful for the design of amine-reactive coatings containing other functional structures by judicious control of the structures of the linkers used during assembly.

背景与目标： : 我们报告了使用氮内酯官能化聚合物和小分子二胺接头的胺反应性聚合物多层反应的逐层组装。这种方法产生交联的聚合物/接头型膜，该膜在制造后可以通过用功能性伯胺处理而进一步官能化，并且提供了掺入其他有用的功能的机会，这些功能可能难以使用其他多胺构建模块引入。使用聚 (2-乙烯基-4,4-二甲基氮杂内酯) (PVDMA) 和三种模型不可降解的脂肪族二胺接头制备的薄膜产生的反应性薄膜在生理相关介质中孵育后稳定。相比之下，使用PVDMA和不同量的模型含二硫键的二胺接头cystamine制备的薄膜在正常生理介质中是稳定的，但在暴露于化学还原剂后会迅速腐蚀且不稳定。我们证明了这种方法可用于制造在还原环境中降解的官能化聚合物微胶囊，并且可以通过控制制造过程中使用的胱胺接头的相对浓度来调节侵蚀速率，胶囊溶胀程度和胶囊降解。此处使用的聚合物/接头方法扩展了可设计为基于反应性PVDMA的涂层的性能和功能的范围，包括可在水性环境中降解，侵蚀和遭受触发破坏的功能。因此，我们预计这些方法将有助于在生物技术或生物医学环境以及其他需要降解和瞬态的领域中潜在用途的涂层，膜，胶囊和界面的功能化，图案化和定制。此处报告的概念验证策略可能是一般性的，并且应通过明智地控制组装过程中使用的连接体的结构来证明对包含其他功能结构的胺反应性涂层的设计有用。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Monodisperse silica microspheres with bimodal pore-size distribution were proposed as a high performance sorbent for DNA isolation in batch fashion under equilibrium conditions. The proposed sorbent including both macroporous and mesoporous compartments was synthesized 5.1 μm in-size, by a "staged shape templated hydrolysis and condensation method". Hydrophilic polymer based sorbents were also obtained in the form of monodisperse-macroporous microspheres ca 5.5 μm in size, with different functionalities, by a developed "multi-stage microsuspension copolymerization" technique. The batch DNA isolation performance of proposed material was comparatively investigated using polymer based sorbents with similar morphologies. Among all sorbents tried, the best DNA isolation performance was achieved with the monodisperse silica microspheres with bimodal pore size distribution. The collocation of interconnected mesoporous and macroporous compartments within the monodisperse silica microspheres provided a high surface area and reduced the intraparticular mass transfer resistance and made easier both the adsorption and desorption of DNA. Among the polymer based sorbents, higher DNA isolation yields were achieved with the monodisperse-macroporous polymer microspheres carrying trimethoxysilyl and quaternary ammonium functionalities. However, batch DNA isolation performances of polymer based sorbents were significantly lower with respect to the silica microspheres.

背景与目标： : 提出了具有双峰孔径分布的单分散二氧化硅微球作为平衡条件下分批隔离DNA的高性能吸附剂。通过 “分段形状模板化水解和缩合法” 合成了5.1  μ m大小的包含大孔和中孔隔室的吸附剂。通过开发的 “多级微悬浮共聚” 技术，还以尺寸为ca 5.5 μm μ m的单分散-大孔微球的形式获得了基于亲水性聚合物的吸附剂。使用具有相似形态的基于聚合物的吸附剂对所提出材料的分批DNA隔离性能进行了比较研究。在所有尝试的吸附剂中，具有双峰孔径分布的单分散二氧化硅微球可获得最佳的DNA隔离性能。单分散二氧化硅微球内相互连接的中孔和大孔隔室的配置提供了较高的表面积，并降低了关节内的传质阻力，并使DNA的吸附和解吸更加容易。在基于聚合物的吸附剂中，带有三甲氧基甲硅烷基和季铵官能团的单分散-大孔聚合物微球可获得更高的DNA隔离产率。然而，相对于二氧化硅微球，基于聚合物的吸附剂的分批DNA隔离性能明显较低。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We developed a technique for constructing light diffusing devices comprised of a flexible shape memory polymer (SMP) cylindrical diffuser attached to the tip of an optical fiber. The devices are fabricated by casting an SMP rod over the cleaved tip of an optical fiber and media blasting the SMP rod to create a light diffusing surface. The axial and polar emission profiles and circumferential (azimuthal) uniformity are characterized for various blasting pressures, nozzle-to-sample distances, and nozzle translation speeds. The diffusers are generally strongly forward-directed and consistently withstand over 8 W of incident IR laser light without suffering damage when immersed in water. These devices are suitable for various endoluminal and interstitial biomedical applications.

背景与目标： : 我们开发了一种用于构造光漫射设备的技术，该设备由连接到光纤尖端的柔性形状记忆聚合物 (SMP) 圆柱形漫射器组成。通过在光纤的劈裂尖端上浇铸SMP棒，并对SMP棒进行介质爆破以产生光漫射表面来制造设备。轴向和极性发射轮廓以及周向 (方位) 均匀性的特征在于各种爆破压力，喷嘴到样品的距离以及喷嘴的平移速度。扩散器通常是强烈的正向方向，并且在浸入水中时始终承受超过8 W的入射IR激光而不会受到损坏。这些设备适用于各种腔内和间隙生物医学应用。