BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has become a well-established modality in the diagnosis, staging and follow-up of thyroid nodules. FNAC outcomes are routinely classified using the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BSRTC), facilitating appropriate clinical management. Bethesda categories III and IV encompass varying risks of malignancy. This retrospective study established a possible association between these cytological categories and malignancy rates in patients treated at a single institution. METHODS:Over a 6-year period, 11,627 FNAC procedures were performed on thyroid nodules. Of these, 814 (59.63%) patients were submitted to thyroidectomy. The nodules of 108 patients were classified as Bethesda category III and 47 patients as Bethesda category IV. Patient data were reviewed to establish a correlation between the FNAC results and the final histopathological analyses. RESULTS:The rates of malignancy among patients who underwent surgery were 25% for category III and 27.6% for category IV, with no significant differences between categories (p = 0.67). The pathological parameters of malignant nodules, namely tumour type, size, encapsulation, invasion into the thyroid capsule, extrathyroidal extension and lymphovascular invasion did not significantly differ between the groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS:This paper provides a more precise correlation of malignancy rates with thyroid nodules classified as Bethesda categories III and IV, as our findings are comparable to the literature, giving malignancy rates ranging from 10 to 30% for category III and 25-40% for category IV. Use of the BSRTC is heterogeneous across institutions, and there is some degree of subjectivity in the distinction between categories III and IV; therefore, it is crucial to estimate the rates of malignancy at each institution. Molecular assays are of increasing importance in determining the need for surgical intervention for thyroid lesions. Gene expression assays using FNAC material may demonstrate a high predictive value for cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules diagnosed as Bethesda classes III and IV.

背景与目标： 背景：细针穿刺细胞学检查（FNAC）已成为甲状腺结节的诊断，分期和随访的公认方法。使用Bethesda甲状腺细胞病理学报告系统（BSRTC）对FNAC结局进行常规分类，以促进适当的临床管理。贝塞斯达（Bethesda）类别III和IV具有不同的恶性风险。这项回顾性研究确定了在单个机构接受治疗的患者中，这些细胞学类型与恶性程度之间可能存在关联。
方法：在6年的时间里，对甲状腺结节进行了11,627例FNAC手术。其中，有814例（59.63％）患者接受了甲状腺切除术。 108例患者的结节被分类为Bethesda III类，47例患者被分类为Bethesda IV类。审查患者数据以建立FNAC结果与最终组织病理学分析之间的相关性。
结果：接受手术的患者中，第三类为25％，第四类为27.6％，各类别之间无显着差异（p = 0.67）。两组的恶性结节的病理参数，即肿瘤类型，大小，包囊，浸润甲状腺囊，甲状腺外延伸和淋巴管浸润均无显着性差异（p> 0.05）。
结论：由于我们的发现与文献相当，本文提供了分类为贝塞斯达（Bethesda）III和IV类甲状腺结节的恶性肿瘤的更精确的相关性，得出III类的恶性率在10％至30％，25％的恶性率在25-40％第四类。 BSRTC的使用在各个机构之间是不同的，在III类和IV类之间的区分中存​​在一定程度的主观性。因此，估计每个机构的恶性肿瘤发病率至关重要。在确定对甲状腺病变进行手术干预的必要性方面，分子检测的重要性越来越高。使用FNAC材料进行的基因表达分析可能对诊断为贝塞斯达（Bethesda）III和IV类的细胞学不确定的甲状腺结节具有较高的预测价值。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is considered to be an immune-mediated heterogeneous disease involving cellular and humoral immunity. In recent years, autoantibodies against nodal/paranodal protein neurofascin155 (NF155), neurofascin186 (NF186), contactin-1 (CNTN1), and contactin-associated protein 1 (CASPR1) have been identified in a small subset of patients with CIDP, which disrupt axo-glial interactions at nodes/paranodes. Although CIDP electrodiagnosis was made in patients with anti-nodal/paranodal component autoantibodies, macrophage-induced demyelination, the characteristic of typical CIDP, was not observed. Apart from specific histopathology, the pathogenic mechanisms and clinical manifestations of CIDP with autoantibody are also distinct. We herein compared pathogenesis, histopathology, clinical manifestations, and therapeutic response in CIDP with autoantibody vs. CIDP without autoantibody. CIDP with autoantibodies should be considered as an independent disease entity, not a subtype of CIDP due to many differences. They possibly should be classified as CIDP-like chronic nodo-paranodopathy, which can better characterize these disorders, help diagnose and make the most effective therapeutic decisions.

背景与目标： ：慢性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经根神经病（CIDP）被认为是一种免疫介导的异质性疾病，涉及细胞和体液免疫。近年来，在一小部分CIDP患者中发现了针对淋巴结/旁淋巴结蛋白Neurofascin155（NF155），neurofascin186（NF186），contactin-1（CNTN1）和contactin相关蛋白1（CASPR1）的自身抗体。节点/副节点处的轴突-胶质相互作用。尽管对患有抗淋巴结/旁淋巴结成分自身抗体的患者进行了CIDP电诊断，但未观察到巨噬细胞诱导的脱髓鞘，这是典型CIDP的特征。除特定的组织病理学外，带有自身抗体的CIDP的致病机制和临床表现也很明显。我们在本文中比较了具有自身抗体的CIDP与没有自身抗体的CIDP在CIDP中的发病机理，组织病理学，临床表现和治疗反应。带有自身抗体的CIDP由于许多差异，应被视为独立的疾病实体，而不是CIDP的亚型。它们可能应该被归类为CIDP样的慢性结节性旁淋巴结病，它可以更好地表征这些疾病，帮助诊断并做出最有效的治疗决策。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Keloids are a major complication related to surgical wound healing and very challenging condition to treat. Many treatment options are available, but the efficacy of the treatment is poor in most of cases and some keloids do not respond to the treatment at all. We compared the efficacy of intralesional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and triamcinolone (TAC) injections in a double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT). Forty-three patients with 50 keloid scars were treated with either intralesional TAC or 5-FU-injections over 6 months. We wanted to find out whether biological features (cell density, cell proliferation rate, vascular density, myofibroblast numbers, steroid hormone receptor expression) in keloids could be used to predict the response to therapy and define the biological changes that take place in patients receiving a response. As there was no statistically significant difference in the remission rate between TAC and 5-FU treatments, all patients were combined and analyzed as responders and nonresponders. Although responders have slightly more myofibroblasts than the nonresponders in their keloids in the pretreatment biopsy samples, we could not identify a single predictive factor that could identify those patients that respond to drug injections. The good clinical response to therapy is associated with the simultaneous reduction of myofibroblasts in the keloid. This study demonstrates that myofibroblasts are reduced in number in those keloids that were responsive to therapy, and that both 5-FU and TAC injections are useful for keloid treatment.

背景与目标： ：瘢痕are是与手术伤口愈合和非常具有挑战性的疾病相关的主要并发症。有许多治疗方法可供选择，但大多数情况下治疗效果较差，某些瘢痕loid对治疗完全无反应。在一项双盲随机对照试验（RCT）中，我们比较了病灶内5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）和曲安西龙（TAC）注射的疗效。对43例瘢痕les有50例的患者在6个月内进行了病灶内TAC或5-FU注射治疗。我们想找出瘢痕loid中的生物学特征（细胞密度，细胞增殖率，血管密度，成肌纤维细胞数量，类固醇激素受体表达）是否可用于预测对治疗的反应并确定接受抗癌药物的患者的生物学变化。回复。由于TAC和5-FU治疗之间的缓解率在统计学上没有显着差异，因此将所有患者合并并分析为缓解者和无缓解者。尽管在预处理活检样本中反应者的瘢痕loid中成肌纤维母细胞的数量比未反应者略多，但我们无法确定一个单一的预测因素可以识别出那些对药物注射有反应的患者。对治疗的良好临床反应与瘢痕loid中成纤维细胞的同时减少有关。这项研究表明，对治疗有反应的瘢痕loid中成纤维细胞的数量减少，并且5-FU和TAC注射均可用于瘢痕loid治疗。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :New developments in stent technology led to the first biodegradable magnesium stents. To overcome the fundamental restrictions of conventional stent implantation, these new stents may improve interventional therapy, also in small children. What remains after complete degradation of a magnesium stent is of particular interest and concern. At the autopsy, 2 months after the projected complete degradation time of the 3.0 x 10 mm(2) stent, no solid compounds were detected, and the vessel diameter had increased slightly to 3.7 mm. Histological preparation revealed an amorphous to jelly-like substitute of the magnesium struts mainly consisting of calcium phosphate covered by fibrotic tissue. Immunological staining revealed no relevant inflammatory reaction to the stent material. Neointima proliferation was detected around the struts with some cellular infiltration of the calcium-phosphate material. These pathological and histological findings show minimal alteration of the vessel wall and an increase of the arterial diameter after stent degradation. This is an important precondition for further use of biodegradable stents in small infants. Further observations have to prove whether these findings do reproduce in other settings also.

背景与目标： ：支架技术的新发展导致了首个可生物降解的镁支架。为了克服常规支架植入的基本限制，这些新的支架可能会改善介入治疗，甚至在儿童中也是如此。镁支架完全降解后剩下的东西是特别令人关注和关注的。在尸体解剖中，在预计的3.0 x 10 mm（2）支架完全降解时间之后2个月，没有检测到固体化合物，并且血管直径略微增加到3.7 mm。组织学制备显示镁柱的无定形至果冻状替代物，其主要由被纤维化组织覆盖的磷酸钙组成。免疫染色显示与支架材料无相关的炎症反应。在细胞周围渗透了磷酸钙物质后，在支杆周围检测到了新内膜增生。这些病理学和组织学结果显示，支架降解后，血管壁的改变最小，动脉直径增加。这是在婴儿中进一步使用可生物降解支架的重要前提。进一步的观察必须证明这些发现是否也能在其他环境中重现。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Recently, D-limonene-based solvents are used as a safe alternative to xylene for histological and cytological application to dissolve paraffin. We report the case of a histopathology technician with a recalcitrant hand contact dermatitis strictly related to the use of a limonene-based solvent agent. Patch tests with SIDAPA (Italian Society of Allergological, Professional and Environmental Dermatology) standard series, limonene-based solvent used by the patient and D- and L-limonene (both oxidized and nonoxidized form) and with Giemsa and methylene blue stains were performed. Patch testing gave positive results to oxidized D- and L-limonene. The patient retired from work and promptly improved and healed the hand eczema. Subsequently, the potential occurrence of limonene oxidation products in the incriminated preparation was investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. While patch test showed positive reaction to oxidized limonene, chemical analysis failed to detect oxidized limonene in the preparations used by the patient. Considering the strict relation between the use of the preparations and the appearance of symptoms, we can assume that oxidized limonene may be produced during the handling of limonene-based products, especially in the presence of oxidants stains, frequently used in histological laboratories.

背景与目标： ：最近，D-柠檬烯基溶剂被用作组织学和细胞学上溶解石蜡的二甲苯的安全替代品。我们报告了一名组织病理学技术人员患有顽固性手接触性皮炎的案例，该案例与使用柠檬烯类溶剂试剂严格相关。使用SIDAPA（意大利过敏，专业和环境皮肤病学会）标准系列，患者使用的柠檬烯基溶剂以及D-和L-柠檬烯（氧化形式和非氧化形式）以及Giemsa和亚甲基蓝染色剂进行贴剂测试。补丁测试对氧化的D-和L-柠檬烯给出了积极的结果。患者从工作中退休，并迅速康复并治愈了手部湿疹。随后，使用气相色谱-质谱法研究了所述制品中柠檬烯氧化产物的潜在发生。虽然斑贴试验显示对氧化柠檬烯呈阳性反应，但化学分析未能检测出患者使用的制剂中氧化柠檬烯。考虑到制剂的使用与症状的出现之间的严格关系，我们可以假设氧化柠檬烯可能是在柠檬烯类产品的处理过程中产生的，特别是在存在组织学实验室经常使用的氧化剂污渍的情况下。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Ethylene glycol (EG) may be acutely toxic following ingestion. In fatal cases, microscopic examination of urine and kidney specimens can establish a post-mortem diagnosis of EG poisoning. We describe the main renal histopathologic changes during different stages of EG poisoning, which might be helpful when dating the EG poisoning itself. A single-centre retrospective study conducted on all EG poisoning cases demonstrated that in an early stage of EG poisoning, fine dust-like crystals were deposited to the tubular cell basement membrane, followed by internalisation of calcium oxalate crystals into the epithelial cells. Later, the crystals formed larger aggregates within the epithelial cells. As the changes became advanced, pronounced tubular epithelial damage occurred, with detachment of epithelial cells from the basement membrane. In the final stage, coarse calcium oxalate crystals were recognised in the tubular lumen, with cellular debris from damaged epithelial cells. Our study shows that the time-dependent histological changes described follow the clinical stages of EG poisoning and may therefore provide a rough estimate of the time of EG ingestion before death.

背景与目标： ：乙二醇（EG）摄入后可能具有剧毒。在致命的情况下，对尿液和肾脏标本进行显微镜检查可以确定死后的EG中毒诊断。我们描述了EG中毒不同阶段的主要肾脏组织病理学变化，这可能对约会EG中毒本身有帮助。对所有EG中毒病例进行的单中心回顾性研究表明，在EG中毒的早期阶段，细小的粉尘样晶体沉积在管状细胞基底膜上，然后草酸钙晶体内在化到上皮细胞中。后来，晶体在上皮细胞内形成了较大的聚集体。随着变化的进行，发生明显的肾小管上皮损伤，上皮细胞从基底膜上脱落。在最后阶段，在管状内腔中识别出草酸钙粗晶体，并有来自受损上皮细胞的细胞碎片。我们的研究表明，所描述的随时间变化的组织学变化遵循EG中毒的临床阶段，因此可能提供死亡前EG摄入时间的粗略估计。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Paragangliomas arise from sympathetic or parasympathetic paraganglia and should now be defined by their site and type. The term pheochromocytoma is reserved for intra-adrenal tumors. This short review discusses the gross and microscopic features, the immunohistochemical profile, the problem of recognizing malignant potential, and the rare instances where a differential diagnosis has to be considered.

背景与目标： ：神经胶质瘤起源于交感神经节或副交感神经节，现在应根据其部位和类型进行定义。术语嗜铬细胞瘤保留用于肾上腺内肿瘤。这篇简短的评论讨论了总体和微观特征，免疫组化谱，识别恶性潜能的问题以及需要考虑鉴别诊断的罕见情况。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:Precision in corneal flap cutting is essential in LASIK surgery. Current mechanical microkeratomes have a very good performance record; however, in a few cases, complications can occur during the microkeratome pass and flap cut. Femtosecond lasers offer an alternative to the mechanical cut and can provide additional features regarding the flap morphology. In this study, we analyzed femtosecond laser flaps regarding their morphology, cut accuracy, and histopathology. METHODS:Forty-five fresh porcine cadaveric eyes were prepared for femtosecond laser flap cutting with the Femtec femtosecond laser system (20/10 Perfect Vision, Heidelberg, Germany). The eyes were assigned to three different thickness groups, with 120-, 140-, or 180-microm cut depth, respectively. In addition, different flap diameters ranging from 8.0 to 9.5 mm and rim edge angulations between 60 degrees and 90 degrees were performed. After the cut, the eyes were examined under a microscope regarding accuracy and potential defects, and flap thickness and diameter were measured. In addition, flaps were prepared for further histopathologic examination. RESULTS:All flap cuts were easily performed without any intraoperative complications. Flap thickness measurements revealed a median (in micrometers) of 110.5 (intended thickness 120), 142.5 (intended 140), and 180.0 (intended 180), respectively. The flap diameter for an intended size between 8.0 and 9.5 mm was within a range of +/-0.4 mm, the median at the maximum was 0.3 mm off. Histopathology revealed very low to almost no changes in the stromal structure of the cornea and correct hinge angulations. CONCLUSIONS:LASIK flap cuts were easily performed without any complications. The accuracy and morphology were very precise and consistent. Histopathology revealed a smooth cut with hinge angulations, as expected.

背景与目标： 目的：角膜瓣切开的精确度在LASIK手术中至关重要。当前的机械微角膜刀具有非常好的性能记录；然而，在少数情况下，在微型角膜刀通过和皮瓣切割过程中可能会发生并发症。飞秒激光提供了机械切割的替代方法，并且可以提供有关皮瓣形态的其他功能。在这项研究中，我们分析了飞秒激光瓣的形态，切割精度和组织病理学。
方法：准备45只新鲜的猪尸体眼，用Femtec飞秒激光系统（20/10 Perfect Vision，德国海德堡）切割飞秒激光皮瓣。将眼睛分为三个不同的厚度组，分别具有120微米，140微米或180微米的切割深度。此外，还进行了从8.0到9.5毫米不等的襟翼直径和轮辋边缘成60度至90度的角度调整。切开后，在显微镜下检查眼睛的准确性和潜在缺陷，并测量皮瓣的厚度和直径。另外，准备皮瓣用于进一步的组织病理学检查。
结果：所有皮瓣切开都很容易，没有任何术中并发症。折翼厚度测量显示中位数（以微米为单位）分别为110.5（预期厚度120），142.5（预期厚度140）和180.0（预期厚度180）。预期尺寸在8.0到9.5毫米之间的襟翼直径在/-0.4毫米范围内，最大中值偏离0.3毫米。组织病理学显示，角膜基质结构的改变非常低甚至几乎没有改变，并且铰链角度正确。
结论：LASIK皮瓣切开很容易，没有任何并发​​症。准确性和形态非常精确且一致。如预期的那样，组织病理学显示平滑切开且铰链成角度。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disease process with several different phenotypes. Recent data has shown that CRS phenotypes maintain distinct nasal microbiota that may predict surgical outcomes. Nasal microbiota and structured histopathologic reporting have the potential to further differentiate subtypes and provide additional insight into the pathophysiology of CRS. METHODS:Sinus swabs collected during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) were studied by polymerase chain reaction analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA. A structured histopathology report of 13 variables was utilized to analyze sinus tissue removed during FESS. Histopathology variables and relative abundance of nasal microbiota were compared among CRS patients. RESULTS:A total of 51 CRS patients who underwent FESS were included. Relative abundance of the Firmicutes phylum in nasal microbiota of CRS patients was associated with presence of neutrophilic infiltrate (27.47 ± 44.75 vs 9.21 ± 11.84, p < 0.029), presence of mucosal ulceration (47.67 ± 45.52 vs 13.27 ± 26.48, p < 0.041), presence of squamous metaplasia (5562.70 ± 2715.66 vs 3563.73 ± 2580.84, p < 0.035), and absence of Charcot-Leyden crystals (5423.00 ± 3320.57 vs 679.94 ± 1653.66, p < 0.001). Relative abundance of the Bacteroidetes phylum in nasal microbiota of CRS patients was associated with increased severity of inflammatory degree (p < 0.004) and presence of mucosal ulceration (p < 0.004). CONCLUSION:Distinct histopathologic features of CRS are associated with relative abundance of nasal microbiota phyla, specifically Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. These findings contribute to the growing body of literature on microbiota in sinonasal disease and may have important implications for understanding pathophysiologic mechanisms of CRS subtypes and disease management.

背景与目标： 背景：慢性鼻鼻窦炎（CRS）是一种具有多种不同表型的炎性疾病过程。最近的数据表明，CRS表型保持着独特的鼻微生物群，可以预测手术结果。鼻微生物群和结构化的组织病理学报告具有进一步区分亚型并为CRS的病理生理学提供更多见解的潜力。
方法：通过16S核糖体RNA的聚合酶链反应分析研究功能性内窥镜鼻窦手术（FESS）中收集的鼻拭子。利用13个变量的结构化组织病理学报告来分析FESS期间切除的窦组织。比较了CRS患者的组织病理学变量和鼻腔菌群的相对丰度。
结果：共纳入51例接受了FESS治疗的CRS患者。 CRS患者鼻腔菌群中门生菌的相对丰度与中性粒细胞浸润的存在有关（27.47±44.75对9.21±11.84，p <0.029），粘膜溃疡的存在（47.67±45.52对13.27±26.48，p <0.041） ，鳞状化生的存在（5562.70±2715.66 vs 3563.73±2580.84，p <0.035），以及不存在夏科特-莱登晶体（5423.00±3320.57 vs 679.94±1653.66，p <0.001）。 CRS患者鼻腔菌群中细菌杆菌的相对丰度与炎症程度的增加（p <0.004）和粘膜溃疡的存在（p <0.004）相关。
结论：CRS独特的组织病理学特征与鼻微生物群门的相对丰度有关，特别是硬毛菌和拟杆菌。这些发现促进了鼻窦疾病中微生物群的文献的增长，并且可能对理解CRS亚型的病理生理机制和疾病管理具有重要意义。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Cardigan Bay on the western coast of the UK is considered a pristine location with much of its coastal and marine habitats protected under various national and EC Directives. Despite this, populations of the flatfish dab (Limanda limanda) captured from Cardigan Bay display elevated levels of liver tumours relative to the background prevalence of the disease. This study describes the findings of a research cruise that took place during November 2003 to assess the prevalence of tumours in dab from selected sites in and around Cardigan Bay. In addition, potential causative mechanisms were investigated via measurement of a range of end points (including composition and abundance of benthic and phytoplankton communities, sediment toxicity and cellular biomarkers of genotoxicity) from sediment, water and biota samples. Fish captured from South Cardigan Bay displayed a relatively higher prevalence of liver tumours compared to those captured from Red Wharf Bay. Hepatocellular adenoma (8% and 2%, respectively) and hepatocellular foci of cell alteration (18% and 6%, respectively) were most prevalent in South Cardigan Bay. Analysis of the sediment failed to distinguish any differences in toxicity between the two sampling sites. However, DNA strand breaks in red blood cells of dab were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in fish collected from Red Warf Bay compared with those sampled at Cardigan Bay. The alignment of biological effects measures via such integrated cruise programs are discussed. This work was partly funded under the auspices of the 2003 Prince Madog Prize.

背景与目标： ：英国西部海岸的Cardigan湾被认为是原始地区，其许多沿海和海洋生境都受到各种国家和EC指令的保护。尽管如此，从Cardigan湾捕获的比目鱼（Limanda limanda）种群相对于本病的背景患病率仍表现出较高的肝肿瘤水平。这项研究描述了2003年11月进行的一次研究航行的结果，以评估Cardigan湾及其周边地区选定地点民建联中的肿瘤患病率。此外，还通过测量沉积物，水和生物群样品的一系列端点（包括底栖和浮游植物群落的组成和丰度，沉积物毒性和遗传毒性的细胞生物标志物）来研究潜在的致病机理。与从红码头湾捕获的鱼相比，从南卡迪根湾捕获的鱼显示出较高的肝肿瘤患病率。肝细胞腺瘤（分别为8％和2％）和细胞改变的肝细胞灶（分别为18％和6％）在南Cardigan湾中最为普遍。对沉积物的分析未能区分两个采样点之间的毒性差异。但是，与在Cardigan湾采样的鱼相比，从Red Warf湾收集的鱼的dab红细胞的DNA链断裂明显更高（p <0.05）。讨论了通过这种综合巡航程序对生物效应措施的调整。这项工作的部分资金是在2003年玛多格王子奖的赞助下获得的。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:To study whether placentas of singleton pregnancies conceived after fresh embryo transfer (ET) contain more histopathological lesions compared with placentas of singleton pregnancies conceived after frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET). METHODS:A prospective cohort study of placental histopathology in 131 women with singleton IVF pregnancies who delivered at a single medical center, between December 2017 and May 2019. The prevalence of different placental histopathology lesions was compared between women who conceived after fresh ET and FET. RESULTS:Women who conceived after fresh ET (n = 74) did not differ from women who conceived after FET (n = 57) with regard to maternal age, BMI, nulliparity, or infertility diagnosis. Gestational week at delivery was lower in pregnancies conceived after fresh ET (38.5 vs. 39.2 weeks, respectively, p = 0.04), and a trend for a lower birthweight following fresh ET was noted (3040 vs. 3216 g, respectively, p = 0.053). However, placental histopathology analysis from pregnancies conceived after fresh ET was comparable to pregnancies conceived after FET, with regard to the prevalence of maternal vascular malperfusion lesions (45.9% vs. 50.9%, respectively, p = 0.57), fetal vascular malperfusion lesions (17.6% vs. 21.1, p = 0.61), acute inflammatory response lesions (28.4% vs. 28.1%, respectively, p = 0.96), and chronic inflammatory response lesions (13.5% vs. 8.8%, respectively, p = 0.48). CONCLUSION:Placental histopathology did not differ between IVF pregnancies conceived after fresh and frozen ET. These results are reassuring for clinicians and patients who wish to pursue with transferring fresh embryos.

背景与目标： 目的：研究新鲜胚胎移植（ET）后怀孕的单胎孕妇胎盘与冷冻融化胚胎移植（FET）后怀孕的单胎孕妇胎盘是否包含更多的组织病理学病变。
方法：对2017年12月至2019年5月在单个医疗中心分娩的131例单胎IVF孕妇的胎盘组织病理学进行前瞻性队列研究。比较了新鲜ET和FET后受孕的妇女的胎盘组织病理学病变发生率。
结果：新鲜ET后受孕的妇女（n = 74）与FET后受孕的妇女（n = 57）在产妇年龄，BMI，无效性或不育诊断方面没有差异。新鲜ET后怀孕的分娩妊娠周较低（分别为38.5周和39.2周，p = 0.04），并且发现新鲜ET后出生体重下降的趋势（分别为3040 vs. 3216g，p = 0.053） ）。然而，就母体血管灌注不良病变（分别为45.9％vs. 50.9％，p = 0.57），胎儿血管灌注不良病变（17.6）的患病率而言，新鲜ET后妊娠的胎盘组织病理学分析可与FET术后妊娠的胎盘组织病理学分析相媲美。 ％vs. 21.1，p = 0.61），急性炎症反应病变（分别为28.4％vs. 28.1％，p = 0.96）和慢性炎症反应病变（分别为13.5％vs. 8.8％，p = 0.48）。
结论：新鲜和冷冻ET后IVF妊娠的胎盘组织病理学无差异。这些结果使希望继续转移新鲜胚胎的临床医生和患者放心。