BACKGROUND & AIMS:
:This review summarizes the last decade of work by the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) Consortium, a global alliance of over 1400 scientists across 43 countries, studying the human brain in health and disease. Building on large-scale genetic studies that discovered the first robustly replicated genetic loci associated with brain metrics, ENIGMA has diversified into over 50 working groups (WGs), pooling worldwide data and expertise to answer fundamental questions in neuroscience, psychiatry, neurology, and genetics. Most ENIGMA WGs focus on specific psychiatric and neurological conditions, other WGs study normal variation due to sex and gender differences, or development and aging; still other WGs develop methodological pipelines and tools to facilitate harmonized analyses of "big data" (i.e., genetic and epigenetic data, multimodal MRI, and electroencephalography data). These international efforts have yielded the largest neuroimaging studies to date in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. More recent ENIGMA WGs have formed to study anxiety disorders, suicidal thoughts and behavior, sleep and insomnia, eating disorders, irritability, brain injury, antisocial personality and conduct disorder, and dissociative identity disorder. Here, we summarize the first decade of ENIGMA's activities and ongoing projects, and describe the successes and challenges encountered along the way. We highlight the advantages of collaborative large-scale coordinated data analyses for testing reproducibility and robustness of findings, offering the opportunity to identify brain systems involved in clinical syndromes across diverse samples and associated genetic, environmental, demographic, cognitive, and psychosocial factors.
背景与目标:
:这篇综述总结了ENIGMA(通过元分析来增强神经成像遗传学)联盟过去十年的工作,该联盟是一个由43个国家/地区的1400多名科学家组成的全球联盟,致力于研究人类大脑中的健康与疾病。 ENIGMA建立在大规模遗传研究的基础上,发现了第一个与大脑指标相关的可靠复制的遗传基因座,现已多元化发展成50多个工作组(WG),汇集了全球数据和专业知识,可以回答神经科学,精神病学,神经病学和遗传学方面的基本问题。大多数ENIGMA工作组专注于特定的精神病学和神经疾病,其他工作组则研究由于性别和性别差异或发育和衰老引起的正常变异;其他工作组还开发了方法流程和工具,以促进对“大数据”(即遗传和表观遗传数据,多峰MRI和脑电图数据)进行统一分析。这些国际努力在精神分裂症,双相情感障碍,重度抑郁症,创伤后应激障碍,药物滥用,强迫症,注意力缺陷/多动症,自闭症谱系障碍,癫痫和22q11.2缺失综合征。最近的ENIGMA工作组已开始研究焦虑症,自杀思想和行为,睡眠和失眠,进食障碍,易怒,脑损伤,反社会人格和品行障碍以及分离性身份障碍。在这里,我们总结了ENIGMA活动和正在进行的项目的第一个十年,并描述了在此过程中遇到的成功和挑战。我们强调协作大规模协调数据分析在测试结果的可重复性和鲁棒性方面的优势,提供了机会来识别跨各种样本以及相关的遗传,环境,人口,认知和社会心理因素的临床综合征所涉及的大脑系统。