OBJECTIVE:Population neuroscience is an emerging field that combines epidemiology and neuroscience to study how genes and the environment shape typical and atypical brain functioning. The objective of this study was to review key studies on population neuroscience from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and to identify potential gaps vis-à-vis studies conducted in high-income countries. METHODS:We conducted a systematic review to search for longitudinal cohort studies investigating the development of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents in LMICs. We performed an electronic search in the EMBASE and MEDLINE databases from inception to July 5th, 2019. RESULTS:We found six cohorts from four countries that met our search criteria: three cohorts from Brazil, one from China, one from South Africa, and one from Mauritius. Relevant examples of findings from these studies are reported. CONCLUSION:Our results demonstrate the impact of the valuable science output these cohort designs promote, allowing LMICs to have a share in frontline global psychiatry research. National and international funding agencies should invest in LMIC population neuroscience in order to promote replication and generalization of research from high-income countries.

译文

目的:人口神经科学是一个结合流行病学和神经科学来研究基因和环境如何塑造典型和非典型大脑功能的新兴领域。这项研究的目的是审查来自中低收入国家(LMIC)的人口神经科学的关键研究,并确定与高收入国家进行的研究相比的潜在差距。
方法:我们进行了系统的综述,以寻找纵向队列研究,以调查中低收入国家儿童和青少年精神疾病的发展。从成立到2019年7月5日,我们在EMBASE和MEDLINE数据库中进行了电子搜索。
结果:我们从四个符合我们搜索条件的国家/地区中找到了六组:来自巴西的三组,来自中国的一组,来自南非的一组和来自毛里求斯的一组。报告了这些研究结果的相关实例。
结论:我们的结果证明了这些队列设计所促进的有价值的科学成果的影响,使中低收入国家在全球精神病学研究的第一线中占有一席之地。国家和国际资助机构应投资于LMIC人口神经科学,以促进高收入国家研究的复制和推广。

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