BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of detecting the variation of sentinel lymphatic channels (SLCs) and sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in breast cancer patients using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). METHODS:A total of 46 breast cancer patients were prospectively recruited in the study. All the participants received intradermal and peritumoral injection of microbubbles as contrast agent, and SLCs and SLNs were assessed preoperatively. Blue dye was injected subareolarly and peritumorally during the surgery. The SLNs detected by CEUS and blue dye were sent to the pathology laboratory for histopathological analysis. RESULTS:At least one SLC and SLN were detected by CEUS in all 46 cases. Three types of SLCs were detected, including superficial sentinel lymphatic channels (SSLCs), penetrating sentinel lymphatic channels (PSLCs), and deep sentinel lymphatic channels (DSLCs). Five lymphatic drainage patterns (LDPs) were found, including SSLC, PSLC, SSLC + PSLC, SSLC + DSLC, and SSLC + PSLC + DSLC. Only SSLC was detected on CEUS in 24 cases; only PSLC was detected in 3 cases; both SSLC and PSLC were detected in 8 cases; both SSLC and DSLC were detected in 7 cases; SSLC, PSLC, and DSLC were all detected in the remaining 4 cases. An actual LDP was defined on the combination of CEUS and dissection of the specimen. The accuracy rate of CEUS was 43/46. Interestingly, a bifurcated SLC was found in 8 patients. In 3 patients, a discontinuous SLC and non-enhanced SLN were found by CEUS. Also, no dyed SLNs were detected during the surgery. The axillary lymph nodes turned out tumor involved histologically. CONCLUSION:CEUS is feasible to assess the variation of SLCs and SLNs preoperatively in breast cancer patients. SLNB is not suggested when a discontinuous SLC and non-enhanced SLN were detected by CEUS.

背景与目标： 背景：这项研究的目的是评估使用超声造影（CEUS）检测乳腺癌患者前哨淋巴通道（SLC）和前哨淋巴结（SLN）变化的可行性。
方法：前瞻性招募了46名乳腺癌患者。所有参与者都接受了皮内和肿瘤周围微泡注射作为对比剂，并且术前评估了SLC和SLN。在手术过程中，将蓝色染料经乳晕腔和周皮注射。经CEUS和蓝色染料检测到的SLN被送至病理实验室进行组织病理学分析。
结果：在所有46例患者中，CEUS至少检测出一种SLC和SLN。检测到三种类型的SLC，包括浅表前哨淋巴通道（SSLC），穿透前哨淋巴通道（PSLC）和深前哨淋巴通道（DSLC）。发现了五个淋巴引流模式（LDPs），包括SSLC，PSLC，SSLC PSLC，SSLC DSLC和SSLC PSLC DSLC。在CEUS中仅检测到SSLC 24例。 3例中仅检测到PSLC； 8例同时检测到SSLC和PSLC； 7例同时检测到SSLC和DSLC；在其余4例中均检测到SSLC，PSLC和DSLC。 CEUS和标本解剖的结合定义了一个实际的LDP。 CEUS的准确率为43/46。有趣的是，在8例患者中发现了分叉的SLC。在3例患者中，CEUS发现了不连续的SLC和未增强的SLN。而且，在手术期间未检测到染色的SLN。腋窝淋巴结在组织学上证实为肿瘤。
结论：CEUS在评估乳腺癌患者术前SLC和SLN的变化中是可行的。当CEUS检测到不连续的SLC和未增强的SLN时，不建议使用SLNB。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Having achieved a significant bioavailability of curcumin by its incorporation into SLNs (C-SLNs) during pharmacokinetic (32-155 times) and pharmacodynamic (3-4 times) studies, our intent was to proof their targeting to brain. Hence, fluorescent/confocal microscopy, biodistribution and gamma scintigraphy techniques were explored to observe the presence of C-SLNs in the brain. 1h post p.o administration of C-SLNs/free curcumin (C-S) to rats, blood was withdrawn, following which the animals were sacrificed and their harvested brains were frozen at -80°C. The obtained plasma and brain cryosections were observed for fluorescence under fluorescent/confocal microscope. Biodistribution study was performed using (99m)Tc-labeled C-SLNs and C-S in Balb/c mice after p.o. and i.v. administration and % radioactivity/g organ was recorded. Subsequent to this gamma scintigraphs of the New Zealand rabbits following similar treatments were performed. Presence of yellow fluorescent particles in plasma and brain indicated effective delivery of C-SLNs across the gut wall and the BBB. (Blood)AUCoral value for C-SLNs was 8.135 times greater than that for C-S, confirming a prolonged circulation of former. The ratio of blood AUCi.v. C-SLN/C-S in blood is ≤1 while the ratio in brain promisingly indicates 30 times higher preferential distribution of C-SLNs into brain confirming their direct delivery.

背景与目标： 通过在药代动力学（32-155倍）和药效动力学（3-4倍）研究中将姜黄素掺入SLNs（C-SLNs）中，从而获得了显着的生物利用度，我们的目的是证明其针对大脑的作用。因此，探索了荧光/共聚焦显微镜，生物分布和伽玛闪烁显像技术，以观察脑中C-SLN的存在。向大鼠口服C-SLNs /游离姜黄素（C-S）1小时后，抽血，然后处死动物，将其收获的大脑冷冻在-80°C。在荧光/共聚焦显微镜下观察获得的血浆和脑冷冻切片的荧光。口服后在Balb / c小鼠中使用（99m）Tc标记的C-SLN和C-S进行生物分布研究。和i.v.记录给药和放射性％/ g器官。此后，对新西兰兔进行类似的处理后进行了伽玛闪烁显像。血浆和脑中黄色荧光颗粒的存在表明C-SLNs可以有效地穿过肠壁和血脑屏障。 C-SLNs的AUCoral值比C-S大8.135倍，证实前者的循环时间长。血液AUCi.v.的比例血液中的C-SLN / C-S≤1，而脑中的比例有希望表明C-SLNs在脑中的优先分布高出30倍，从而证实了它们的直接递送。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) are very potential formulations for topical delivery of anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic drugs. The solid state of the lipid particles enable efficient drug encapsulation and controlled drug release. In the present study, the evaluation of different formulation parameters based on variation of concentration of lipid and cosurfactant was studied. The SLN gel formulations of the dispersions were compared to the SLN dispersions and with the marketed gel of aceclofenac. The SLNs were prepared by high speed homogenization and ultra-sonication method with fixed amount of aceclofenac (10%) and pluronic F68 (1.5%). The particle size, zeta potential and span of developed formulations was found to be within the range of 123 nm to 323 nm, -12.4 to -18.5 and 0.42 to 0.86 respectively as the lipid concentration was increased from 7.5% to 40%. The highest entrapment efficiency was found to be 75% with the formulation having lipid concentration of 30% and 0.85% of phospholipon 90G. Permeation rate and controlled release property of xanthan gum loaded SLN gel formulations and SLN dispersion was studied through excised pig skin for 24hr. The drug release of SLN gel formulations was better controlled as compare to SLN dispersions. In vivo anti-inflammatory study showed that action of aceclofenac was enhanced for SLN dispersion and gel formulations. The results indicated the superiority of SLN based formulations for topical delivery of aceclofenac.

背景与目标： ：固体脂质纳米颗粒（SLN）是用于局部递送抗炎药和抗关节炎药的非常潜在的制剂。脂质颗粒的固态能够实现有效的药物包封和受控的药物释放。在本研究中，研究了基于脂质和辅助表面活性剂浓度变化对不同配方参数的评估。将分散体的SLN凝胶制剂与SLN分散体以及醋氯芬酸的市售凝胶进行比较。 SLN通过高速均质和超声法制备，固定量的醋氯芬酸（10％）和普朗尼克F68（1.5％）。发现随着脂质浓度从7.5％增加到40％，所开发制剂的粒度，ζ电势和跨度分别在123nm至323nm，-12.4至-18.5和0.42至0.86的范围内。发现具有30％脂质浓度和0.85％磷脂90G的制剂的最高包封率是75％。通过切下的猪皮24小时研究了载有黄原胶的SLN凝胶制剂和SLN分散体的渗透速率和控释性能。与SLN分散体相比，SLN凝胶制剂的药物释放得到了更好的控制。体内抗炎研究表明，对于SLN分散液和凝胶制剂，醋氯芬酸的作用增强。结果表明基于SLN的制剂对醋氯芬酸的局部递送具有优越性。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In recent years the use of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) as transport systems for the delivery of drugs and biomolecules has become particularly important. The use of cationic SLNs developed by the technique of microemulsion, which are complexed with DNA in order to study their application as non-viral vectors in gene therapy, is reported. The nanoparticles are characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Furthermore, the process of lyophilization of the samples and their stability was studied. The nanoparticles obtained presented a particle size of 340 nm with a positive surface charge of 44 mV and the capability of forming lipoplexes with DNA plasmids was stated.

背景与目标： ：近年来，使用固体脂质纳米颗粒（SLN）作为药物和生物分子的输送系统已变得尤为重要。据报道，通过微乳化技术开发的阳离子SLNs与DNA络合，以研究其作为非病毒载体在基因治疗中的应用。纳米粒子的特征在于扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜（SEM和TEM），原子力显微镜（AFM）和差示扫描量热法（DSC）。此外，研究了样品的冻干过程及其稳定性。获得的纳米颗粒的粒径为340 nm，正表面电荷为44 mV，并且具有与DNA质粒形成脂质复合物的能力。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In this study, the conjugate of PEG2000-stearic acid (PEG2000-SA) was used to prepare PEGylated solid lipid nanoparticles loading vinorelbine bitartrate (VB-pSLNs) by cold homogenization technique. The particle size and zeta potential of resulted VB-pSLNs ranged 180-250nm and 0-10mV, which were determined using a Zetasizer, respectively. Although the drug entrapment efficiency (EE) slightly decreased after the PEG modification of VB-SLNs, above 60 % EE could be reached. The drug release tests in vitro indicated the faster drug release from VB-pSLNs than that from VB-SLNs without PEG modification. To investigate the cellular uptake of VB-pSLNs, the chemical conjugate of octadecylamine-fluorescein isothiocynate (FITC-ODA) was synthesized, and was used as a fluorescence marker to incorporate into nanoparticles. The results from cellular uptake indicated that the phagocytosis of VB-pSLNs by RAW264.7 cells was inhibited effectively by the PEG modification of SLNs, while the uptake by cancer cells (MCF-7 and A549) could be improved significantly. The assay of anticancer activity in vitro demonstrated that the anticancer activity of VB was significantly enhanced by the encapsulation of SLNs and pSLNs due to the increased cellular internalization of drug. The results suggested that SLNs and pSLNs could be excellent carrier candidates to entrap VB for tumor chemotherapeutics.

背景与目标： ：在这项研究中，使用PEG2000-硬脂酸的共轭物（PEG2000-SA）通过冷均质技术制备了负载酒石酸长春瑞滨（VB-pSLNs）的PEG化固体脂质纳米颗粒。所得到的VB-pSLN的粒径和ζ电势分别在180-250nm和0-10mV之间，这是使用Zetasizer测定的。尽管在VB-SLNs进行PEG修饰后，药物截留效率（EE）略有下降，但可以达到60％EE以上。体外药物释放测试表明，与未进行PEG修饰的VB-SLNs相比，VB-pSLNs的药物释放更快。为了研究VB-pSLNs的细胞摄取，合成了十八烷基胺-荧光素异硫氰酸酯（FITC-ODA）的化学共轭物，并将其用作荧光标记并掺入纳米颗粒中。细胞摄取的结果表明，PEG修饰SLNs可有效抑制RAW264.7细胞吞噬VB-pSLNs，而癌细胞（MCF-7和A549）的摄取可显着改善。体外抗癌活性的测定表明，由于药物的细胞内在化的增强，SLN和pSLN的包裹显着增强了VB的抗癌活性。结果表明，SLN和pSLNs可能是捕获VB进行肿瘤化学治疗的优良载体候选物。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Modified high shear homogenization and ultrasound techniques were employed to produce solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). Model drug mifepristone had been incorporated in SLNs. The mean particle size measured by laser diffractometry (LD) was found to be 106 nm with a narrow particle distribution of polydispersity index, 0.278. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction measurements suggested that the majority of the SLNs were less ordered arrangement of crystals, and this was favorable for increasing the drug loading capacity. The drug entrapment efficiency (EE%) of SLNs was more than 87 percent and showed relatively long-term physical stability as the leakage was very small after being stored for one month. Therefore, seemed this modified method could prepare high quality SLNs loading lipophilic drugs. It is a simple, available and effective method to produce SLNs.

背景与目标： ：采用改良的高剪切均质化和超声技术生产固体脂质纳米颗粒（SLN）。模型药物米非司酮已被纳入SLN中。发现通过激光衍射法（LD）测量的平均粒径为106nm，多分散指数为0.278，具有窄的粒径分布。差示扫描量热法和X射线衍射测量表明，大多数SLNs的晶体排列较不规则，这有利于增加载药量。 SLNs的药物包封率（EE％）超过87％，并且由于在储存一个月后泄漏非常小，因此显示出相对长期的物理稳定性。因此，似乎这种改进的方法可以制备出高质量的负载SLNs的亲脂性药物。这是一种生产SLN的简单，可用和有效的方法。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an organ-specific, T cell-mediated autoimmune disease which is characterized by the breakdown of self-tolerance to the highly conserved pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, especially the pyruvate dehydrogenase E2 complex (PDC-E2). However, the molecular mechanism of breakdown of self-tolerance is still unclear. METHODS:A combination of multiplex-PCR and immune repertoire sequencing (IR-seq) was used for a standardized analysis of memory T cell receptor (TCR) β-chain repertoire of PBC patient and healthy volunteers. In vitro induction and expansion of human PDC-E2163-176 (human PDC-E2)-specific T cells and E coli PDC-E231-44/134-147/235-248 (E coli PDC-E2)-specific T cells, and identified the human (and E coli) PDC-E2-specific TCRβ repertoire by IR-seq. RESULTS:Primary biliary cholangitis patients have shorter complementarity-determining region 3s (CDR3s), and higher degree of sequence overlap in the TCRβ repertoire of memory T cell. Moreover, altered insertion patterns and skewed TRBV segment usage were observed in PBC patients. With regard to the pathogenesis, the concentration of E coli was higher in PBC patients' faecal. The frequency of E coli (and human)-specific TCRs was higher in the memory TCRβ repertoire of PBC patients compared with healthy controls. Importantly, the TCRβ repertoire characteristics were almost identical between E coli PDC-E2-related TCRs and human PDC-E2-related TCRs, including the patterns of TRBV usage, CDR3 length and amino acid composition. CONCLUSION:Our findings comprehensively revealed the TCRβ repertoire characterization of PBC patients, and provided a TCR molecular basis to understand the mechanism of cross-recognition between human PDC-E2 and E coli PDC-E2, and the imbalance of immune tolerance in PBC.

背景与目标： 背景：原发性胆汁性胆管炎（PBC）是一种器官特异性T细胞介导的自身免疫性疾病，其特征是对高度保守的丙酮酸脱氢酶复合物（特别是丙酮酸脱氢酶E2复合物（PDC-E2））的自我耐受性下降。但是，自我耐受性破坏的分子机制仍不清楚。
方法：结合多重PCR和免疫库测序（IR-seq），对PBC患者和健康志愿者的记忆T细胞受体（TCR）β链库进行标准化分析。人类PDC-E2163-176（人类PDC-E2）特异性T细胞和大肠杆菌PDC-E231-44 / 134-147 / 235-248（大肠杆菌PDC-E2）特异性T细胞的体外诱导和扩增，并通过IR-seq鉴定了人类（和大肠杆菌）PDC-E2特异性TCRβ库。
结果：原发性胆源性胆管炎患者的互补决定区3s（CDR3s）较短，记忆T细胞的TCRβ组成部分中的序列重叠程度更高。此外，在PBC患者中观察到插入模式改变和TRBV节段使用偏斜。关于发病机理，PBC患者粪便中大肠杆菌的浓度较高。与健康对照组相比，PBC患者记忆TCRβ库中大肠杆菌（和人类）特异性TCR的频率更高。重要的是，大肠杆菌PDC-E2相关的TCR和人类PDC-E2相关的TCR之间的TCRβ库特征几乎相同，包括TRBV使用模式，CDR3长度和氨基酸组成。
结论：我们的发现全面揭示了PBC患者的TCRβ谱系特征，并为了解人PDC-E2与大肠杆菌PDC-E2的交叉识别机制以及PBC免疫耐受的失衡提供了TCR分子基础。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Since 2016, five new programmed cell death protein 1/ligand 1 (PD-1/L1) checkpoint inhibitors have been approved for metastatic urothelial carcinoma. This review will summarize the data supporting the widespread use of these agents and highlight areas of ongoing clinical development. RECENT FINDINGS:PD-1/L1 axis inhibition has demonstrated clear superiority to chemotherapy for the treatment of metastatic urothelial cancer in the second-line setting. A multitude of ongoing studies are investigating the feasibility and efficacy of incorporating established and novel immunotherapies into earlier lines of therapy, including non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer and even non-muscle-invasive disease. Early-phase clinical trials have begun to explore the safety and activity of novel immune-oncology combinations across a range of clinical settings. Immunotherapy has a clearly defined role in the treatment of metastatic urothelial cancer both in the platinum-refractory setting and in the first-line cisplatin-ineligible setting. Ongoing clinical trials will dictate how to best incorporate immunotherapy into earlier lines of therapy and define the safety and activity of novel immunotherapy agents and combinations.

背景与目标： 审查目的：自2016年以来，已批准了五种新的程序性细胞死亡蛋白1 /配体1（PD-1 / L1）检查点抑制剂用于转移性尿路上皮癌。这篇综述将总结支持这些药物广泛使用的数据，并强调正在进行的临床开发领域。
最近的发现：在二线治疗中，PD-1 / L1轴抑制作用已显示出明显优于化疗的转移性尿路上皮癌。大量正在进行的研究正在研究将已建立的和新颖的免疫疗法纳入较早的治疗方法（包括非转移性肌肉浸润性膀胱癌，甚至非肌肉浸润性疾病）的可行性和有效性。早期临床试验已开始探索在一系列临床环境中新型免疫肿瘤组合的安全性和活性。免疫治疗在铂难治性和一线顺铂不适应性治疗中均具有明确定义的转移性尿路上皮癌治疗作用。正在进行的临床试验将决定如何将免疫疗法最佳地纳入早期疗法，并定义新型免疫疗法药物及其组合的安全性和活性。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The preparation and stability parameters of para-acyl-calix[4]arene based solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have been investigated. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) show a mean particle size of 130 nm. In terms of preparation parameters, using the solvent displacement method, the nature and the volume of the organic solvent, the concentration of the amphiphile and the presence of a co-surfactant in the organic phase have been shown to affect significantly the size of the produced SLNs. In contrast, the stirring speed, the viscosity and the acidity of the aqueous phase and the amphiphile hydrophobic chain length have been shown to have no effect. In terms of stability parameters, the ionic strength has been shown to affect the short-time SLN stability depending on both the anion and the cation studied, with sodium sulphate causing precipitation. Ultrasonic, ultraviolet or microwave treatments of the SLN suspensions have no effect on the size of the SLNs. The study of the effects of short time thermal treatment revealed that the SLNs are not affected by one freezing-defreezing cycle and are stable at 100 degrees C in suspension. It is difficult to reconstitute the SLN suspensions after freeze-drying. Finally, the temporal stability of these suspensions in water has been shown to be superior to 1 year. The long-term temporal stability of suspensions stored in saline solution has been investigated. It has been demonstrated that the most destabilising effects arise from the presence in the storage suspension of sulphate ions.1H NMR, X-ray powder diffraction (XPD) and AFM have also been carried out on the calix-arene based SLNs and demonstrate the presence of a semi-organised matrix structure for the SLNs.

背景与目标： ：研究了对酰基杯[4]芳烃基固体脂质纳米颗粒（SLNs）的制备和稳定性参数。原子力显微镜（AFM）和光子相关光谱（PCS）显示平均粒径为130 nm。在制备参数方面，已证明使用溶剂置换法，有机溶剂的性质和体积，两亲物的浓度以及有机相中助表面活性剂的存在会显着影响产物的大小。 SLN。相反，已显示搅拌速度，水相的粘度和酸度以及两亲性疏水链长度没有影响。就稳定性参数而言，已证明离子强度会影响短期SLN稳定性，具体取决于所研究的阴离子和阳离子，而硫酸钠会引起沉淀。 SLN悬浮液的超声波，紫外线或微波处理对SLN的大小没有影响。对短时间热处理效果的研究表明，SLN不受一个冷冻-解冻循环的影响，并且在100℃的悬浮状态下稳定。冷冻干燥后很难重新配制SLN悬浮液。最后，这些悬浮液在水中的时间稳定性已证明优于1年。已经研究了盐溶液中储存的悬浮液的长期时间稳定性。业已证明，最不稳定的作用是由硫酸根离子的储存悬浮液引起的。1HNMR，X射线粉末衍射（XPD）和AFM也在基于芳烃芳烃的SLN上进行，并证明了存在SLN的半组织矩阵结构。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Anal intraepitelial neoplasia (AIN) constitutes a major health problem in certain risk groups, such as patients with immunosuppression of varied origin, males who have sexual relations with other males, and females with a previous history of vaginal or cervical abnormalities in cytology. Its relationship with the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been well documented; however, many of the factors involved in the progression and regression of the viral infection to dysplasia and anal carcinoma are unknown. AIN can be diagnosed through cytology of the anal canal or biopsy guided by high-resolution anoscopy. However, the need for these techniques in high-risk groups remains controversial. Treatment depends on the risk factors and given the high morbidity and high recurrence rates the utility of the different local treatments is still a subject of debate. Surgical biopsy is justified only in the case of progression suggesting lesions. The role of the vaccination in high-risk patients as primary prevention has been debated by different groups. However, there is no general consensus on its use or on the need for screening this population.

背景与目标： ：在某些风险人群中，肛门上皮内瘤变（AIN）构成了主要的健康问题，例如，具有不同血统的免疫抑制的患者，与其他男性发生性关系的男性，以及在细胞学上曾有阴道或宫颈异常病史的女性。它与人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染的关系已有很好的文献证明。但是，涉及病毒感染发展和消退，发育不良和肛门癌的许多因素尚不清楚。可以通过肛管细胞学检查或高分辨率肛门镜检查活检来诊断AIN。但是，在高风险人群中对这些技术的需求仍然存在争议。治疗取决于风险因素，并且鉴于高发病率和高复发率，使用不同的局部治疗仍然是一个争论的话题。仅在提示病灶进展的情况下才需要进行手术活检。不同人群对疫苗接种在高危患者中作为一级预防的作用进行了辩论。但是，关于其用途或筛查该人群的需求尚无普遍共识。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In this study, we aimed to evaluate the antiviral effect of total flavonoids extracted from Robinia pseudoacacia cv. idaho (RPTF) in vivo and its toxicity on rats with oral gavage. RPTF was prepared by percolation with 70% ethanol for 24 h and its antiviral effect on different kinds of viruses was evaluated in vitro by MTT staining. The long-term toxicity of RPTF on rats was evaluated through the detection of general behavior, body weight, food intake and related organ tissue sections of experimental animals. We found that RPTF produced significantly inhibitory effects on HSV-1 and EV-71 viruses with the therapeutic index TI values 113.8 and 46.2, respectively. Moreover, toxicity evaluation in vivo showed no significantly adverse effects in rats, indicating that RPTF was safe in use. In conclusion, we demonstrated that RPTF, natural compounds in the Chinese traditional medicine, could act as promising and effective antiviral therapeutics with relative safety in use.

背景与目标： ：在这项研究中，我们旨在评估从刺槐中提取的总黄酮的抗病毒作用。 idaho（RPTF）体内及其对管饲大鼠的毒性。通过用70％乙醇渗滤24小时来制备RPTF，并通过MTT染色在体外评估其对不同种类病毒的抗病毒作用。通过检测实验动物的一般行为，体重，食物摄入和相关器官组织切片，评估了RPTF对大鼠的长期毒性。我们发现RPTF对HSV-1和EV-71病毒产生明显的抑制作用，治疗指数TI值分别为113.8和46.2。此外，体内毒性评估显示对大鼠没有明显的不利影响，表明RPTF使用安全。总之，我们证明了RPTF是中药中的天然化合物，可以作为有希望且有效的抗病毒治疗剂，且使用时相对安全。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Febrile seizures are the most common seizures of childhood. A family history of febrile seizures is common, and the disorder is genetically heterogenous. While guidelines are available for management of simple febrile seizures, the management of complex febrile seizures is individualised. After a febrile seizure, it is important to rule out CNS infection and the decision to perform a lumbar puncture should be based on the clinical condition of the child. Neuroimaging and EEG are not required immediately in workup for simple or complex febrile seizures. Recurrence of febrile seizures may be managed at home by the parents with benzodiazepines. If the recurrences are multiple or prolonged and parents are unable to give home treatment, intermittent benzodiazepine prophylaxis may be given. Continuous antiepileptic prophylaxis may be given only to the children where intermittent prophylaxis has failed. Febrile seizures are also associated with increased risk of epilepsy, but this cannot be prevented by any form of treatment. There is also an increased risk of mesial temporal sclerosis, but whether this is an effect or cause of febrile seizures is as yet unclear. There is no increase in neurological handicaps or mortality following febrile seizures.

背景与目标： ：高热惊厥是儿童最常见的惊厥。高热惊厥的家族病史很普遍，该疾病在遗传上是异质的。虽然有指导可用于管理简单的高热惊厥，但是对复杂的高热惊厥的治疗是个体化的。高热惊厥后，重要的是要排除CNS感染，应根据儿童的临床情况决定是否进行腰穿。对于简单或复杂的高热惊厥，无需立即进行神经影像检查和脑电图检查。苯二氮卓类药物的父母可在家中控制高热惊厥的复发。如果复发是多次的或延长的，并且父母无法给予家庭治疗，则可以间歇性地预防苯二氮卓类药物。持续的抗癫痫预防只能用于间歇性预防失败的儿童。高热惊厥也与癫痫风险增加有关，但这不能通过任何形式的治疗来预防。中间颞叶硬化的风险也增加了，但是，这是高热惊厥的影响还是原因尚不清楚。高热惊厥后神经障碍或死亡率没有增加。

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