BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Family-centered care (FCC) has been linked with improved parent and child outcomes, yet its implementation can be challenging due to family, professional, organizational and systemic factors and policies. This study aims to increase knowledge and understanding of how families with children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience FCC in Alberta, Canada. 152 parents with a child with ASD completed the Measure of Processes of Care, separately for each utilized service sector, and 146 professionals working with persons with ASD completed the Measure of Processes of Care - Service Providers. Additionally, in-depth interviews were conducted with a sub-sample of 19 parents, purposefully sampled for diversity in child and family characteristics. Data were collected in 2011. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze quantitative data. Interview transcripts were analyzed using grounded theory constant comparison methods, yielding a data generated theoretical model depicting families' experiences with FCC over time and across service sectors. There were no statistically significant differences in FCC scores across service sectors, but statistically significant differences in FCC scores between parents' and professionals' were found. Qualitative data revealed positive experiences and perceptions of receiving FCC from professionals "on the ground" across sectors, but negative experiences and perceptions of FCC at the systems level (i.e., administration, funders). These broad experiences emerged as a core theme "System of Exclusion", which integrated the key themes: (1) "The Fight", (2) "Roles and Restrictions of Care", and (3) "Therapeutic Rapport". Professionals and service providers can use findings to ensure that services reflect current conceptualizations of FCC, and decision and policy makers can use findings to recognize systemic barriers to implementing FCC and inform policy change.

背景与目标： : 以家庭为中心的护理 (FCC) 与改善的父母和子女结局有关，但由于家庭，专业，组织和系统因素和政策，其实施可能具有挑战性。这项研究旨在增加对有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 儿童的家庭如何在加拿大艾伯塔省体验FCC的知识和理解。152有自闭症儿童的父母分别为每个使用的服务部门完成了护理过程的度量，而与自闭症患者一起工作的146专业人员则完成了护理过程的度量-服务提供者。此外，还对19位父母的子样本进行了深入访谈，有针对性地对儿童和家庭特征的多样性进行了抽样。2011年收集数据。使用描述性和推断性统计来分析定量数据。使用扎根的理论常数比较方法对访谈记录进行了分析，得出了一个数据生成的理论模型，该模型描述了家庭在一段时间内以及跨服务部门使用FCC的经验。服务部门之间的FCC得分没有统计学上的显着差异，但是发现父母和专业人员之间的FCC得分存在统计学上的显着差异。定性数据显示了跨部门 “实地” 专业人员接受FCC的积极经验和看法，但在系统级别 (即行政管理，资助者) 对FCC的负面经验和看法。这些广泛的经验成为 “排斥系统” 的核心主题，其中整合了关键主题 :( 1) “斗争”，(2) “护理的作用和限制” 和 (3) “治疗融洽”。专业人员和服务提供商可以使用调查结果来确保服务反映FCC的当前概念，决策和政策制定者可以使用调查结果来识别实施FCC的系统性障碍并为政策变更提供信息。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Parents often become the caregivers for their adult children with serious mental illness (SMI) due to the chronic and debilitating course of the illness and shortages in funding for community mental health services and residential placements. OBJECTIVE:To examine parents' management styles when caring for adult children with SMI and parents' perspectives on what type of community-based mental health interventions would support and/or enhance overall family functioning. DESIGN:A qualitative descriptive study using semistructured interviews with parents caring for adult children with SMI. The study was undergirded by Knafl and Deatrick's Family Management Style Framework. RESULTS:Four major themes emerged from the data describing prolonged and difficult phases that parents and the family undergo in caring for an adult child with SMI. CONCLUSIONS:Successful management of these phases must include increasing access to mental health information, mental health screening, early interventions, and violence prevention for adult children and their families.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:When youth with epilepsy and their parents have insufficient information about the disease, they are known to have more problems with disease management, and they show poor compliance. Providing accurate, reliable, and accessible information with no time and space limitations is extremely important for individuals with epilepsy as well as for their caregivers. AIM:In this study, we aimed to evaluate the content, quality, usability, and efficacy of our web-based epilepsy education program (WEEP) that we developed for youth with epilepsy and their parents. METHODS:The sample of this randomized controlled trail was composed of youth with epilepsy who were between the ages of 9 and 18 years and their parents who had applied to the Pediatric Neurology Unit of a tertiary healthcare hospital in Turkey between November 2017 and April 2018. This study was conducted in two stages: (1) the preparation phase, during which we developed a WEEP for epilepsy, and tested its content, quality, and usability; and (2) the implementation phase, during which we evaluated the efficacy of the website by assessing users' knowledge of epilepsy, seizure self-efficacy, attitudes, and e-health literacy. Before the implementation phase, data collection tools were used to test the prior knowledge of epilepsy of the participants and control groups. Next, the youth and their parents were asked to use the WEEP for 12 weeks, while a control group was not provided with additional education tools. Written consent was obtained from the participants prior to the study in addition to obtaining approval from the ethics committee and permission from the institution where the research was conducted. The data were finally analyzed using SAS 9.4 software. RESULTS:During the preparation phase, the website was developed and tested for content, quality, and usability. The WEEP was graded 72.7 ± 3.4 points by experts, 92.4 ± 1.63 by youth with epilepsy, and 92.31 ± 1.94 by the parents. During the implementation phase, the efficacy of the web site was evaluated through the assessment of participants' scores. We found that the mean knowledge, seizure self-efficacy, attitude, and e-health literacy scores of youth with epilepsy in the experimental group had significantly increased after the WEEP (p < 0.05). An increase in the scores of knowledge, anxiety, self-management, and e-health literacy scale was also found among the parents in the intervention group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION:The content, quality, and usability of the WEEP were adequate and effective in improving knowledge, self-efficacy, attitudes, and e-health literacy of youth with epilepsy as well as those of their parents.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :This study is a replication and extension of an earlier study, using a larger sample, a better measure of poverty status, and new longitudinal data. The study used path analysis to test hypothesized models of how the Parents as Teachers (PAT) program affects children's school readiness and subsequent third-grade achievement. Participants were 5,721 kindergarten children who were chosen to be representative of all children beginning public school in the state of Missouri in the fall of 1998-2000. These children were subsequently located in the state's third-grade test database 4-5 years later (82% of the original kindergarten sample). The causal models, which postulated both direct and indirect effects of PAT, were strongly supported by the data. EDITORS' STRATEGIC IMPLICATIONS: The findings add to the evidence that the PAT home visiting program holds promise as a primary prevention program. The authors demonstrate how parenting practices (including reading to children and enrolling them in preschool) promote both school readiness and subsequent academic achievement, but they also remind us of the pervasive effects of poverty.

背景与目标： : 这项研究是对早期研究的复制和扩展，使用了更大的样本，更好地衡量贫困状况以及新的纵向数据。该研究使用路径分析来测试假设的模型，即父母作为教师 (PAT) 计划如何影响孩子的入学准备和随后的三年级成绩。参与者是5,721幼儿园的孩子，他们被选为代表1998-2000年秋季在密苏里州开始公立学校的所有孩子。这些孩子随后在4-5年后被安置在该州的三年级测试数据库中 (原始幼儿园样本的82%)。假设PAT的直接和间接影响的因果模型得到了数据的大力支持。编辑的战略意义: 研究结果增加了证据，表明PAT家庭访问计划有望作为一级预防计划。作者展示了养育子女的做法 (包括给孩子读书并让他们进入学前班) 如何促进入学准备和随后的学业成就，但它们也使我们想起了贫困的普遍影响。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:A family-centred approach to services of children with disabilities is widely accepted as the foundational approach to service delivery in paediatric health care. The 56 items of the Measure of Processes of Care questionnaire (MPOC-56) all reflect elements of family-centred service. In this study, we investigated which elements of family-centred service are rated important by parents of children with cerebral palsy by adding a question on importance to each item of the MPOC-56 (MPOC-56-I). METHODS:In total, 175 parents of children with cerebral palsy completed the MPOC-56-I. For each MPOC item, parents were asked to rate the importance on a 5-point scale ranging from 0 (not important at all) up to and including 4 (very important). We used Spearman's rank correlation coefficient to further explore the variation in parents' importance ratings. RESULTS:Parents' importance ratings of the MPOC-56 items varied. The percentage of parents rating an item important (importance rating 3 or 4) varied between 43.8% and 96.8%. The percentage of parents rating an item unimportant (rating 0 or 1) varied between 0.0% and 20.3%, and the percentage of parents rating an item neutral (rating 2) varied between 3.0% and 36.0%. Most diverse importance ratings were found for five items concerning the provision of general information. Three correlations between these items and child and parent characteristics were found. Six items were rated important by almost all (≥95%) parents. These items concern elements of specific information about the child, co-ordinated and comprehensive care for child and family and enabling and partnership. CONCLUSIONS:Parents rate the importance of family-centred services for their situation in various ways. These findings endorse that family-centred services should recognize the uniqueness of families and should be tailored to what parents find important.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The progression from adolescence to adulthood is a time of tremendous change, characterized by issues of identity formation, autonomy, and shifting relationship dynamics. The family is embedded in all aspects of this transition and serves as both a protective support and a limiting factor, a complicated duality that raises psychological, ethical, and legal issues. This article discusses the influence of familial factors and provides assessment strategies for evaluating the family in relation to treatment of transitional age youth. It is increasingly evident that family engagement is a significant contributor to outcomes for transitional age youth seeking mental health treatment.

背景与目标： : 从青春期到成年的发展是一个巨大变化的时期，其特征是身份形成，自主性和关系动态变化的问题。家庭植根于这种过渡的各个方面，既是保护性支持又是限制因素，这是一种复杂的二元性，会引发心理，道德和法律问题。本文讨论了家庭因素的影响，并提供了评估与过渡年龄青年治疗相关的家庭的评估策略。越来越明显的是，家庭参与对寻求精神卫生治疗的过渡年龄青年的结果做出了重要贡献。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :This paper describes a qualitative study aimed at exploring the meanings that are given by parents to the loss of their children in terror attacks in Israel and examining how specific aspects of these meanings help or hinder them in coping with the loss. This paper focuses the collective context of loss, a theme that emerged from in-depth interviews with 16 bereaved parents who lost their children in different terror attacks. The collective context of loss includes three subthemes: (a) the loss in the context of Jewish and Israeli history; (b) assigning responsibility for the loss; and (c) using the collective meaning in the process of coping. Overall, the findings highlight the role of the sociocultural context in the bereavement process. The discussion raises possible explanations for the significance of this role, focusing on the reciprocal processes between the bereaved parents and society, which are functional and effective for both.

背景与目标： : 本文介绍了一项定性研究，旨在探讨父母在以色列恐怖袭击中失去子女的含义，并研究这些含义的具体方面如何帮助或阻碍他们应对损失。本文着重介绍了损失的集体背景，该主题源于对16名在不同恐怖袭击中失去孩子的丧亲父母的深入采访。损失的集体背景包括三个子主题 :( a) 犹太和以色列历史背景下的损失; (b) 为损失分配责任; (c) 在应对过程中使用集体含义。总体而言，调查结果强调了社会文化背景在丧亲过程中的作用。讨论对这一角色的重要性提出了可能的解释，重点是失去亲人的父母与社会之间的对等过程，这对双方都有效。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In this paper we investigate the interstate migration of people with AIDS to Florida under the hypothesis that a significant proportion of these moves are made to access care and support from elderly parents. We present a variety of aggregate data to support this hypothesis. Data recording interstate moves to Florida show that over 19% of interstate migrants with AIDS chose small cities and largely rural counties as their destinations, places without well-developed medical and social service facilities beneficial to people with AIDS. Moreover, the highest in-migration rates are in counties with the greatest proportion of elderly people, who are mostly retirees from other states. A Poisson regression model of destination choice indicates that the attraction of places with a high proportion of the population over 65 is statistically significant, after controlling for other factors that may also draw migrants with AIDS. We infer from analysis of trends in migration flows, that some people with AIDS may be relocating to seek support from elderly parents.

背景与目标： : 在本文中，我们调查了艾滋病患者向佛罗里达州的州际迁移，假设这些举动中有很大一部分是为了获得老年父母的护理和支持。我们提供了各种汇总数据来支持这一假设。记录到佛罗里达州州际迁移的数据显示，超过19% 的州际艾滋病移民选择了小城市和大部分农村县作为目的地，而这些地方没有完善的医疗和社会服务设施，这对艾滋病患者有利。此外，迁入率最高的是老年人比例最高的县，他们大多是其他州的退休人员。目的地选择的泊松回归模型表明，在控制了可能也吸引艾滋病移民的其他因素之后，65岁以上人口比例较高的地方的吸引力具有统计学意义。我们从对移民流动趋势的分析中推断出，一些艾滋病患者可能正在搬迁以寻求年迈父母的支持。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The purposes of this study were to (a) examine the relationship between children's beliefs (value, competence, and goal orientations) pertaining to fitness-oriented activities and their participation in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), (b) determine whether children's own beliefs are related to their perceptions of their parents' beliefs about them (value, competence, goal orientations, expectancies), and (c) examine the relationship between children's perceptions of their parents' beliefs and their MVPA. Self-report questionnaires and structured interviews were administered to children (N = 81, ages 11-15) in a one-on-one situation in their homes to tap their own beliefs, their perceptions of their parents' beliefs, and to assess children's level of MVPA through the use of two-day recall and peer comparison measures. Multivariate multiple-regression analyses revealed that children's beliefs about their MVPA could predict a significant amount of the variance in their self-reported MVPA and that children's perceptions of their parents' beliefs were unrelated to their MVPA. Follow-up canonical correlation analyses showed that the most significant and positive predictors of MVPA were children's perceptions of competence and the degree to which they endorse a task and ego orientation. S second multivariate multiple-regression analysis revealed that children's perceptions of their parents' beliefs about them and their own beliefs about MVPA were significantly related. These findings are discussed within the framework of a Family Influence Model for understanding children's MVPA participation.

背景与目标： : 这项研究的目的是 (a) 检查儿童与健身活动有关的信念 (价值，能力和目标取向) 与他们参与中度至剧烈体育活动 (MVPA) 之间的关系，(b) 确定儿童自身的信仰是否与他们对父母对他们的信仰 (价值、能力、目标取向、期望) 的看法有关，以及 (c) 检查儿童对父母信仰的看法与他们的MVPA之间的关系。在儿童 (N = 81，11-15岁) 的家庭一对一的情况下，对他们进行自我报告问卷调查和结构化访谈，以挖掘他们自己的信仰，他们对父母信仰的看法，并通过使用两天的回忆和同伴比较措施来评估儿童的MVPA水平。多元回归分析显示，儿童对MVPA的信念可以预测其自我报告的MVPA的显着差异，并且儿童对父母信念的看法与他们的MVPA无关。后续规范相关分析表明，MVPA的最重要和最积极的预测因素是儿童对能力的感知以及他们认可任务和自我取向的程度。第二次多元多元回归分析表明，儿童对父母对他们的信念的看法与他们对MVPA的信念显着相关。在了解儿童MVPA参与的家庭影响模型的框架内讨论了这些发现。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: 1. Due to the psychological impact of losses associated with adoption, adopted children are at risk for developing adjustment problems. Children raised in families that are comfortable talking about adoption are more likely to be emotionally healthy. 2. The child's perception and understanding of adoption changes as the child develops and matures. 3. Health care professionals can teach parents about typical concerns related to adoption and ways to provide information and support consistent with the child's emotional maturity and learning ability. 4. Parents can also learn strategies to counter critical social attitudes and promote a more positive view of adoption.

背景与目标： 1.由于与收养有关的损失的心理影响，被收养的孩子面临发展适应问题的风险。在乐于谈论收养的家庭中长大的孩子更有可能在情感上健康。2.孩子对收养的感知和理解随着孩子的发展和成熟而变化。3.卫生保健专业人员可以向父母传授与收养有关的典型问题，以及提供与孩子的情感成熟度和学习能力相一致的信息和支持的方法。4.父母还可以学习策略来对抗批评的社会态度，并促进对收养的更积极的看法。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:Parents food choices and weight, but little is known about the social class distribution of parent self-reported child-feeding behaviours in two socio-economically contrasting areas. DESIGN:A cross-sectional survey using the Parental Feeding Style Questionnaire. Mean scores were calculated for five child-feeding behaviours: control over eating, emotional feeding, encouragement/prompting, instrumental feeding and restriction. Parents behaviours that might be used to directly influence children's food intake and weight. CONCLUSIONS:Child-feeding behaviours differ between areas within a single city and within a largely white population, and this distribution is related to socio-economic and educational factors. Experimental and longitudinal studies are needed to further investigate the potential role of child-feeding behaviours in childhood overweight and obesity.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Although there are some studies on familial clustering of metabolic risk factors, there are few on clustering of diet and physical activity. The aim of this study was to identify the extent of familial clustering of weight status, diet and physical activity in urban and rural families in South India. SUBJECTS/METHODS:Anthropometric, dietary and physical activity data were obtained for 325 offspring aged 8-21 years and both their parents from urban and rural South India. However, 294 single offspring and their parents were used for analysis. Body mass index (BMI) was computed and individuals categorized as normal, underweight and overweight/obese. Diet was assessed using food frequency questionnaires and physical activity using physical activity questionnaires. RESULTS:Offspring BMI correlated significantly (P<0.001) with the BMIs of both parents (r=0.35, P<0.001). Percent protein, carbohydrate, total fat and saturated fat intakes were significantly correlated (P<0.001) between offspring and parents. Offspring physical activity level (PAL) correlated significantly with the mother (r=0.26, P<0.001), but not the father. A two-step cluster analysis revealed two distinct clusters: obesogenic and nonobesogenic. The obesogenic cluster, which consisted of 83% of families with at least one parent or offspring overweight, had significantly higher intakes of fat, saturated fat and higher sedentary activity levels but lower carbohydrate intakes and sleep duration (all P<0.001) among both offspring and parents. CONCLUSIONS:Diet, physical activity and BMI of children, adolescents and young adults in India is associated with parental behavior. Health promotion aimed at reducing obesity in these groups should address familial issues.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Hand preferences of 219 mothers and 186 fathers of autistic children were assessed using the Annett Handedness questionnaire. Subgroups of 54 mothers and 57 fathers with a family history of language-related developmental disorders were identified. Parents also reported the handedness of other relatives. Mothers (but not fathers) in the main group were significantly more likely to be consistently right-handed than females in the general population, but this was not specifically associated with a family history of language problems. There was no evidence of an increased incidence of consistent left-handedness in either the whole group of parents or the subgroups. Reported handedness of other relatives showed no abnormal distribution in relation to a comparison group. The findings are discussed in relation to theories about genetic factors in language-related developmental disorders in general, and autism in particular.

背景与目标： : 使用Annett手性问卷评估了自闭症儿童的219母亲和186父亲的手偏好。确定了54位具有语言相关发育障碍家族史的母亲和57位父亲的亚组。父母还报告了其他亲戚的惯用行为。在普通人群中，主要人群中的母亲 (而不是父亲) 始终比女性更容易惯用右手，但这与语言问题的家族史没有特别关系。没有证据表明在整个父母组或亚组中，左撇子一致的发生率增加。报告的其他亲属的惯用行为与对照组相比没有异常分布。讨论了有关语言相关发育障碍，尤其是自闭症的遗传因素的理论。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Life expectancy is shorter in the subset of insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients who are susceptible to kidney disease. Familial factors may be important. In this study the prevalence of cardiovascular disease mortality and morbidity and of risk factors for cardiovascular disease was compared in the parents of 31 IDDM patients with elevated albumin excretion rate (AER > 45 microg/min; group A) with that of parents of 31 insulin-dependent diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria (AER < 20 microg/min; group B). The two diabetic patient groups were matched for age and duration of disease. Information on deceased parents was obtained from death certificates and clinical records and morbidity for cardiovascular disease was ascertained using the World Health Organization questionnaire and Minnesota coded ECG. Hyperlipidaemia was defined as serum cholesterol higher than 6 mmol/l and/or plasma triglycerides higher than 2.3 mmol/l and/or lipid lowering therapy; arterial hypertension as systolic blood pressure higher than 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure higher than 90 mmHg and/or antihypertensive treatment. The percentage of dead parents was similar in the two groups (26 vs 20% for parents of group A vs group B, respectively), but the parents of the diabetic patients with elevated AER had died at a younger age (58 +/- 10 vs 70 +/- 14 years; p < 0.05). Parents of diabetic patients with nephropathy had a more than three times greater frequency of combined mortality and morbidity for cardiovascular disease than that of the parents of diabetic patients without nephropathy (26 vs 8%; odds ratio 3.96, 95% CI 1.3 to 12.2; p < 0.02). Living parents of group A had a higher prevalence of arterial hypertension (42 vs 14% p < 0.01) and hyperlipidaemia (49 vs 26% p < 0.05) as well as higher levels of lipoprotein (a) [median (range) 27.2 (1-107) vs 15.6 (0.2-98) mg/dl; p < 0.05]. They also had reduced insulin sensitivity [insulin tolerance test3.7 (0.7-6.2) vs 4.8 (0.7-6.7)% per min; p < 0.05]. In the families of IDDM patients with elevated AER there was a higher frequency of risk factors for cardiovascular disease as well as a predisposition to cardiovascular disease events. This may help explain, in part, the high prevalence of cardiovascular disease mortality and morbidity in those IDDM patients who develop nephropathy.

背景与目标： 易患肾脏疾病的胰岛素依赖型糖尿病 (IDDM) 患者的预期寿命较短。家族因素可能很重要。在这项研究中，比较了31例白蛋白排泄率升高 (AER> 45微克/分钟) 的IDDM患者父母的心血管疾病死亡率和发病率以及心血管疾病的危险因素; A组) 与31例正常蛋白尿的胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患者的父母 (AER <20微g/min; B组)。两个糖尿病患者组的年龄和病程相匹配。从死亡证明和临床记录中获得有关已故父母的信息，并使用世界卫生组织问卷和明尼苏达州编码的ECG确定了心血管疾病的发病率。高脂血症被定义为血清胆固醇高于6 mmol/l和/或血浆甘油三酯高于2.3 mmol/l和/或降脂治疗; 动脉高血压为收缩压高于140 mmHg和/或舒张压高于90 mmHg和/或抗高血压治疗。两组的父母死亡百分比相似 (A组和B组的父母分别为26 vs 20%)，但AER升高的糖尿病患者的父母在年轻时死亡 (58/- 10 vs 70/- 14岁; p <0.05)。糖尿病肾病患者的父母心血管疾病的综合死亡率和发病率比无肾病的糖尿病患者的父母高三倍以上 (26 vs 8%; 优势比3.96，95% CI 1.3至12.2; p <0.02)。A组的父母有较高的动脉高血压 (42 vs 14% p < 0.01) 和高脂血症 (49 vs 26% p < 0.05) 以及较高的脂蛋白水平 (a) [中位数 (范围) 27.2 (1-107) vs 15.6 (0.2-98) mg/dl; p <0.05]。他们还降低了胰岛素敏感性 [胰岛素耐受性测试3.7 (0.7-6.2) vs 4.8 (0.7-6.7)%/分钟; p <0.05]。在AER升高的IDDM患者的家庭中，心血管疾病的危险因素以及心血管疾病事件的易感性更高。这可能有助于部分解释那些发展为肾病的IDDM患者的心血管疾病死亡率和发病率的高患病率。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Increased physical inactivity and sedentary behavior among children are a global health concern. PURPOSE:Examine associations between parents' perceived neighborhood environment and children's physical activity, outside time, and screen time, and whether these associations were moderated by age and socioeconomic position (SEP). METHODS:Parents (N = 1212) completed a survey during the Recording and EValuating Activity in a Modified Park study. The neighborhood perceptions (social and physical environment), children's age, physical activity, outside time, and screen time were parent-reported. The SEP was derived from the Index of Relative Socio-economic Advantage and Disadvantage. Multiple linear and logistic regressions were performed with age and SEP interactions. RESULTS:Favorable perceptions of opportunities to be active and exercise were associated with a higher likelihood of meeting physical activity guidelines. Favorable perceptions of neighborhood ease for walking and a larger social network were also associated with more outdoor time. Moderation analyses revealed that favorable perceptions of several physical and social neighborhood environment features were associated with a higher likelihood of meeting physical activity guidelines in the high-SEP group and were negatively associated with preschoolers' weekday screen time. CONCLUSION:Future neighborhood environment initiatives and interventions aiming to promote active living communities should consider differences in age and SEP.

背景与目标：