BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The current trial examined the value of modifying empirically validated treatment for childhood anxiety for application via written materials for parents of anxious children. Two hundred sixty-seven clinically anxious children ages 6-12 years and their parents were randomly allocated to standard group treatment, waitlist, or a bibliotherapy version of treatment for childhood anxiety. In general, parent bibliotherapy demonstrated benefit for children relative to waitlist but was not as efficacious as standard group treatment. Relative to waitlist, use of written materials for parents with no therapist contact resulted in around 15% more children being free of an anxiety disorder diagnosis after 12 and 24 weeks. These results have implications for the dissemination and efficient delivery of empirically validated treatment for childhood anxiety.

背景与目标： : 当前的试验研究了修改经经验验证的儿童焦虑症治疗的价值，以通过书面材料为焦虑儿童的父母应用。将67名6-12岁的临床焦虑儿童及其父母随机分配到标准组治疗，候补名单或针对儿童焦虑症的书目疗法版本。通常，相对于候补名单，父母书目疗法对儿童具有益处，但效果不如标准组治疗。相对于候补名单，没有治疗师联系的父母使用书面材料导致大约15% 多的孩子在12周和24周后没有焦虑症诊断。这些结果对传播和有效实施经经验验证的儿童焦虑症治疗有影响。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND:The impact of having a child with atypical genitalia due to a life-threating chronic medical condition like congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study was to determine parental stress and impact of CAH on parental decisions, including decisions regarding female genital restoration surgery (FGRS). STUDY DESIGN:The authors surveyed consecutive parents of girls with CAH ≤3 years presenting at a tertiary referral center for FGRS consultation (2016-2019). The survey was developed by three families of daughters with CAH and six clinicians. Nine potentially stressful past experiences were rated on a 6-point Likert scale ('not at all' to 'extremely' stressful). Overall parental stress and strain (broader negative consequences) were reported using validated instruments (Perceived Stress Scale and Caregiver Strain Questionnaire Short Form, respectively). Impact of CAH on past decisions about childcare, social interactions, and who changes diapers were also assessed. Non-parametric tests were used for analysis. RESULTS:Twenty-nine parents (median age: 32years) of 22 consecutive children participated (Prader 3/4/5: 59.1%/36.4%/4.5%). After the study, 20 girls (90.9%) underwent FGRS at a median age of 8 months. The most stressful experiences were having an adrenal crisis ('very much' stressful), waiting for the CAH diagnosis, and making sense of the diagnosis (both 'quite a bit') (Figure 1). Remaining issues were 'somewhat' stressful. Deciding whether to proceed with FGRS was ranked as the least stressful issue. Overall parental stress was similar to overall stress previously reported by spousal caregivers of stroke or heart failure survivors (P ≥ 0.15). Overall parental strain was similar to parents of adolescents receiving mental health counseling (P = 0.77). Congenital adrenal hyperplasia impacted decisions about babysitting, daycare, who changed diapers, and choosing a pediatrician (P ≤ 0.02), but did not impact parental social interactions (P ≥ 0.11). Diapers were typically changed by parents (100.0%) and grandmothers (50.0%). Parents anticipated that some individuals currently not allowed to change diapers would be allowed after FGRS: grandfathers (+18.2%), aunts/uncles (+27.3-32.8%), cousins (+18.2%), and family friends (+45.5%). DISCUSSION:The authors present the first assessment of parental stress with respect to different aspects of care of a daughter with CAH. Larger studies are required to determine if the parental stress associated with these experiences varies over time and how these stressors rank relative to each other through the child's development. CONCLUSION:Parents experience multiple stressors after having a daughter with CAH. Parental stress surrounding a decision about FGRS appears less severe than events pertaining to the diagnosis and medical management of CAH. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia impacts multiple parental decisions.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:The aim of the paper is to describe the formative evaluation of the feedback component of an online nutrition tailoring instrument, the Children's and Adolescents' Nutrition Assessment and Advice on the Web (CANAA-W), among parents of schoolchildren. DESIGN:Parents of pre-primary and primary-school children recorded their child's food intake over 3 d with CANAA-W and completed the evaluation questionnaire online. A subsample participated in focus group discussions. SETTING:Parents completed CANAA-W at home. SUBJECTS:Forty-six parents completed the evaluation questionnaire. Seventeen parents participated in three focus group discussions. RESULTS:Parents were enthusiastic: the majority (81 % or more) found the advice comprehensible, interesting, logical, useful, believable, well formulated, correct, personal, relevant, complete, attractive, containing enough and not too much information; they indicated that it is helpful to improve their children's eating habits and that they intend to use it. The qualitative analyses revealed that the respondents appreciated the confrontation with their child's diet and the visualization (i.e. traffic light colours, pictograms, food models, diagrams). The length of the feedback was rather a drawback, but it was useful nevertheless. CONCLUSIONS:CANAA-W was well received by the parents; the scores on the feasibility questionnaire were high and the qualitative analyses showed that the confrontation with their child's diet, and attractive visualization of the most relevant feedback linked to more elaborated optional feedback, were well appreciated. The major challenge will be to convince parents who are less interested in food habits and less computer-literate to participate in this type of study.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Suicidal ideation predicts suicide behaviors; however, research is needed on risk factors for suicidal ideation in adults, a common developmental period for first suicide attempts. AIMS:To examine childhood and concurrent predictors of suicidal ideation among 340 adult offspring of depressed and matched control parents. METHOD:Parents were assessed at baseline, and adult offspring were assessed 23 years later. RESULTS:Offspring who reported past-month suicidal ideation (7%) had parents who, 23 years earlier, reported suicidal ideation, psychological inflexibility and use of avoidance coping. Offspring experiencing suicidal ideation were more likely to be unemployed and more depressed, consumed more alcohol and had more drinking problems. They were more anxious and inflexible, had weaker social ties and less cohesive families and had more negative life events and used more avoidance coping. A childhood risk index predicted offspring's suicidal ideation above and beyond concurrent factors. CONCLUSIONS:Along with concurrent risk factors, poor parental functioning may confer long-term risk for adult suicidal ideation. Interventions to prevent the transmission of suicidal ideation to offspring should focus on ameliorating parental risk factors.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :When adult children are financially responsible for their parents, they can take considerable interest in the amount of their parents' long-term care (LTC) insurance. In this paper, we look at the optimal levels of LTC insurance and of informal care, and at the link between these two decisions when the child, who provides informal care, is also the decision-maker with regard to LTC insurance. Interestingly, results differ depending on the degree of both parental and child altruism and indicate either complementarity or substitutability between insurance and informal care. In particular, we show in the presence of child altruism that insurance stimulates the offer of informal care, contrary to the case where the insurance decision is made by the elderly parent. We also investigate how exogenous shocks with respect to the opportunity cost of informal care, initial wealth levels and bequests modify simultaneously the optimal level of insurance and informal care.

背景与目标： : 当成年子女对父母承担经济责任时，他们可以对父母的长期护理 (LTC) 保险金额产生相当大的兴趣。在本文中，我们研究了LTC保险和非正式护理的最佳水平，以及当提供非正式护理的孩子也是LTC保险的决策者时，这两个决定之间的联系。有趣的是，结果因父母和子女利他主义的程度而异，并表明保险和非正式护理之间的互补性或替代性。特别是，我们在存在儿童利他主义的情况下表明，保险会刺激提供非正式护理，这与由年迈的父母做出保险决定的情况相反。我们还研究了与非正式护理的机会成本，初始财富水平和遗赠有关的外生冲击如何同时改变保险和非正式护理的最佳水平。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :To assess among parents longitudinal predictors of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination uptake for their daughters, random samples of parents were identified via municipal services and sent baseline questionnaires in June 2009 and follow-up questionnaires in November 2011 after their uptake decision. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis was used to assess whether demographic characteristics, and affective and social cognitive factors, predicted uptake at follow-up. Response rates of the baseline and follow-up questionnaire were 29.8% (1762/5918) and 74.3% (793/1067), respectively. Uptake was predicted by a later (2011) versus earlier (2010) decision about uptake as HPV vaccination implementation [odds ratio (OR) 2.48; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11-5.52], anticipated regret about no uptake (OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.08-1.89) and intention (OR 2.61; 95% CI 1.47-4.61). There was an interaction between ambivalence and attitude (OR 1.68; 95% CI 1.14-2.47); parents with a positive attitude and a high ambivalence toward vaccination were more likely to have their daughter vaccinated than parents with a positive attitude and a low ambivalence. An informed choice about uptake (5/7 correct items) was made by 44%. In conclusion, uptake was predicted by intention, a later (2011) versus earlier (2010) decision and by anticipated regret about no uptake. Decisions regarding new vaccines are difficult to make, we recommend a well-balanced implementation process.

背景与目标： : 为了评估父母对女儿的人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 疫苗摄取的纵向预测因素，通过市政服务确定了父母的随机样本，并在2009年6月决定摄取后发送了基线问卷，并在2011年11月发送了随访问卷。使用分层logistic回归分析来评估人口统计学特征以及情感和社会认知因素是否预测了随访时的摄取。基线和随访问卷的应答率分别为29.8% (1762/5918) 和74.3% (793/1067)。通过稍后 (2011) 与较早 (2010) 的决定来预测摄取作为HPV疫苗接种实施 [优势比 (OR) 2.48; 95% 置信区间 (CI) 1.11-5.52]，预期对未摄取 (或1.43) 的遗憾; 95% CI 1.08-1.89) 和意图 (或2.61; 95% CI 1.47-4.61)。矛盾和态度 (或1.68; 95% CI 1.14-2.47) 之间存在相互作用; 对疫苗接种持积极态度和高度矛盾的父母比态度积极和态度低的父母更有可能给女儿接种疫苗。44% 做出了关于摄取的明智选择 (5/7正确的项目)。总之，通过意图，以后 (2011) 与较早 (2010) 的决定以及对未摄取的预期遗憾来预测摄取。关于新疫苗的决定很难做出，我们建议一个平衡的实施过程。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Family-centered care (FCC) has been linked with improved parent and child outcomes, yet its implementation can be challenging due to family, professional, organizational and systemic factors and policies. This study aims to increase knowledge and understanding of how families with children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience FCC in Alberta, Canada. 152 parents with a child with ASD completed the Measure of Processes of Care, separately for each utilized service sector, and 146 professionals working with persons with ASD completed the Measure of Processes of Care - Service Providers. Additionally, in-depth interviews were conducted with a sub-sample of 19 parents, purposefully sampled for diversity in child and family characteristics. Data were collected in 2011. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze quantitative data. Interview transcripts were analyzed using grounded theory constant comparison methods, yielding a data generated theoretical model depicting families' experiences with FCC over time and across service sectors. There were no statistically significant differences in FCC scores across service sectors, but statistically significant differences in FCC scores between parents' and professionals' were found. Qualitative data revealed positive experiences and perceptions of receiving FCC from professionals "on the ground" across sectors, but negative experiences and perceptions of FCC at the systems level (i.e., administration, funders). These broad experiences emerged as a core theme "System of Exclusion", which integrated the key themes: (1) "The Fight", (2) "Roles and Restrictions of Care", and (3) "Therapeutic Rapport". Professionals and service providers can use findings to ensure that services reflect current conceptualizations of FCC, and decision and policy makers can use findings to recognize systemic barriers to implementing FCC and inform policy change.

背景与目标： : 以家庭为中心的护理 (FCC) 与改善的父母和子女结局有关，但由于家庭，专业，组织和系统因素和政策，其实施可能具有挑战性。这项研究旨在增加对有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 儿童的家庭如何在加拿大艾伯塔省体验FCC的知识和理解。152有自闭症儿童的父母分别为每个使用的服务部门完成了护理过程的度量，而与自闭症患者一起工作的146专业人员则完成了护理过程的度量-服务提供者。此外，还对19位父母的子样本进行了深入访谈，有针对性地对儿童和家庭特征的多样性进行了抽样。2011年收集数据。使用描述性和推断性统计来分析定量数据。使用扎根的理论常数比较方法对访谈记录进行了分析，得出了一个数据生成的理论模型，该模型描述了家庭在一段时间内以及跨服务部门使用FCC的经验。服务部门之间的FCC得分没有统计学上的显着差异，但是发现父母和专业人员之间的FCC得分存在统计学上的显着差异。定性数据显示了跨部门 “实地” 专业人员接受FCC的积极经验和看法，但在系统级别 (即行政管理，资助者) 对FCC的负面经验和看法。这些广泛的经验成为 “排斥系统” 的核心主题，其中整合了关键主题 :( 1) “斗争”，(2) “护理的作用和限制” 和 (3) “治疗融洽”。专业人员和服务提供商可以使用调查结果来确保服务反映FCC的当前概念，决策和政策制定者可以使用调查结果来识别实施FCC的系统性障碍并为政策变更提供信息。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Parents often become the caregivers for their adult children with serious mental illness (SMI) due to the chronic and debilitating course of the illness and shortages in funding for community mental health services and residential placements. OBJECTIVE:To examine parents' management styles when caring for adult children with SMI and parents' perspectives on what type of community-based mental health interventions would support and/or enhance overall family functioning. DESIGN:A qualitative descriptive study using semistructured interviews with parents caring for adult children with SMI. The study was undergirded by Knafl and Deatrick's Family Management Style Framework. RESULTS:Four major themes emerged from the data describing prolonged and difficult phases that parents and the family undergo in caring for an adult child with SMI. CONCLUSIONS:Successful management of these phases must include increasing access to mental health information, mental health screening, early interventions, and violence prevention for adult children and their families.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:When youth with epilepsy and their parents have insufficient information about the disease, they are known to have more problems with disease management, and they show poor compliance. Providing accurate, reliable, and accessible information with no time and space limitations is extremely important for individuals with epilepsy as well as for their caregivers. AIM:In this study, we aimed to evaluate the content, quality, usability, and efficacy of our web-based epilepsy education program (WEEP) that we developed for youth with epilepsy and their parents. METHODS:The sample of this randomized controlled trail was composed of youth with epilepsy who were between the ages of 9 and 18 years and their parents who had applied to the Pediatric Neurology Unit of a tertiary healthcare hospital in Turkey between November 2017 and April 2018. This study was conducted in two stages: (1) the preparation phase, during which we developed a WEEP for epilepsy, and tested its content, quality, and usability; and (2) the implementation phase, during which we evaluated the efficacy of the website by assessing users' knowledge of epilepsy, seizure self-efficacy, attitudes, and e-health literacy. Before the implementation phase, data collection tools were used to test the prior knowledge of epilepsy of the participants and control groups. Next, the youth and their parents were asked to use the WEEP for 12 weeks, while a control group was not provided with additional education tools. Written consent was obtained from the participants prior to the study in addition to obtaining approval from the ethics committee and permission from the institution where the research was conducted. The data were finally analyzed using SAS 9.4 software. RESULTS:During the preparation phase, the website was developed and tested for content, quality, and usability. The WEEP was graded 72.7 ± 3.4 points by experts, 92.4 ± 1.63 by youth with epilepsy, and 92.31 ± 1.94 by the parents. During the implementation phase, the efficacy of the web site was evaluated through the assessment of participants' scores. We found that the mean knowledge, seizure self-efficacy, attitude, and e-health literacy scores of youth with epilepsy in the experimental group had significantly increased after the WEEP (p < 0.05). An increase in the scores of knowledge, anxiety, self-management, and e-health literacy scale was also found among the parents in the intervention group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION:The content, quality, and usability of the WEEP were adequate and effective in improving knowledge, self-efficacy, attitudes, and e-health literacy of youth with epilepsy as well as those of their parents.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :This study is a replication and extension of an earlier study, using a larger sample, a better measure of poverty status, and new longitudinal data. The study used path analysis to test hypothesized models of how the Parents as Teachers (PAT) program affects children's school readiness and subsequent third-grade achievement. Participants were 5,721 kindergarten children who were chosen to be representative of all children beginning public school in the state of Missouri in the fall of 1998-2000. These children were subsequently located in the state's third-grade test database 4-5 years later (82% of the original kindergarten sample). The causal models, which postulated both direct and indirect effects of PAT, were strongly supported by the data. EDITORS' STRATEGIC IMPLICATIONS: The findings add to the evidence that the PAT home visiting program holds promise as a primary prevention program. The authors demonstrate how parenting practices (including reading to children and enrolling them in preschool) promote both school readiness and subsequent academic achievement, but they also remind us of the pervasive effects of poverty.

背景与目标： : 这项研究是对早期研究的复制和扩展，使用了更大的样本，更好地衡量贫困状况以及新的纵向数据。该研究使用路径分析来测试假设的模型，即父母作为教师 (PAT) 计划如何影响孩子的入学准备和随后的三年级成绩。参与者是5,721幼儿园的孩子，他们被选为代表1998-2000年秋季在密苏里州开始公立学校的所有孩子。这些孩子随后在4-5年后被安置在该州的三年级测试数据库中 (原始幼儿园样本的82%)。假设PAT的直接和间接影响的因果模型得到了数据的大力支持。编辑的战略意义: 研究结果增加了证据，表明PAT家庭访问计划有望作为一级预防计划。作者展示了养育子女的做法 (包括给孩子读书并让他们进入学前班) 如何促进入学准备和随后的学业成就，但它们也使我们想起了贫困的普遍影响。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:A family-centred approach to services of children with disabilities is widely accepted as the foundational approach to service delivery in paediatric health care. The 56 items of the Measure of Processes of Care questionnaire (MPOC-56) all reflect elements of family-centred service. In this study, we investigated which elements of family-centred service are rated important by parents of children with cerebral palsy by adding a question on importance to each item of the MPOC-56 (MPOC-56-I). METHODS:In total, 175 parents of children with cerebral palsy completed the MPOC-56-I. For each MPOC item, parents were asked to rate the importance on a 5-point scale ranging from 0 (not important at all) up to and including 4 (very important). We used Spearman's rank correlation coefficient to further explore the variation in parents' importance ratings. RESULTS:Parents' importance ratings of the MPOC-56 items varied. The percentage of parents rating an item important (importance rating 3 or 4) varied between 43.8% and 96.8%. The percentage of parents rating an item unimportant (rating 0 or 1) varied between 0.0% and 20.3%, and the percentage of parents rating an item neutral (rating 2) varied between 3.0% and 36.0%. Most diverse importance ratings were found for five items concerning the provision of general information. Three correlations between these items and child and parent characteristics were found. Six items were rated important by almost all (≥95%) parents. These items concern elements of specific information about the child, co-ordinated and comprehensive care for child and family and enabling and partnership. CONCLUSIONS:Parents rate the importance of family-centred services for their situation in various ways. These findings endorse that family-centred services should recognize the uniqueness of families and should be tailored to what parents find important.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The progression from adolescence to adulthood is a time of tremendous change, characterized by issues of identity formation, autonomy, and shifting relationship dynamics. The family is embedded in all aspects of this transition and serves as both a protective support and a limiting factor, a complicated duality that raises psychological, ethical, and legal issues. This article discusses the influence of familial factors and provides assessment strategies for evaluating the family in relation to treatment of transitional age youth. It is increasingly evident that family engagement is a significant contributor to outcomes for transitional age youth seeking mental health treatment.

背景与目标： : 从青春期到成年的发展是一个巨大变化的时期，其特征是身份形成，自主性和关系动态变化的问题。家庭植根于这种过渡的各个方面，既是保护性支持又是限制因素，这是一种复杂的二元性，会引发心理，道德和法律问题。本文讨论了家庭因素的影响，并提供了评估与过渡年龄青年治疗相关的家庭的评估策略。越来越明显的是，家庭参与对寻求精神卫生治疗的过渡年龄青年的结果做出了重要贡献。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :This paper describes a qualitative study aimed at exploring the meanings that are given by parents to the loss of their children in terror attacks in Israel and examining how specific aspects of these meanings help or hinder them in coping with the loss. This paper focuses the collective context of loss, a theme that emerged from in-depth interviews with 16 bereaved parents who lost their children in different terror attacks. The collective context of loss includes three subthemes: (a) the loss in the context of Jewish and Israeli history; (b) assigning responsibility for the loss; and (c) using the collective meaning in the process of coping. Overall, the findings highlight the role of the sociocultural context in the bereavement process. The discussion raises possible explanations for the significance of this role, focusing on the reciprocal processes between the bereaved parents and society, which are functional and effective for both.

背景与目标： : 本文介绍了一项定性研究，旨在探讨父母在以色列恐怖袭击中失去子女的含义，并研究这些含义的具体方面如何帮助或阻碍他们应对损失。本文着重介绍了损失的集体背景，该主题源于对16名在不同恐怖袭击中失去孩子的丧亲父母的深入采访。损失的集体背景包括三个子主题 :( a) 犹太和以色列历史背景下的损失; (b) 为损失分配责任; (c) 在应对过程中使用集体含义。总体而言，调查结果强调了社会文化背景在丧亲过程中的作用。讨论对这一角色的重要性提出了可能的解释，重点是失去亲人的父母与社会之间的对等过程，这对双方都有效。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In this paper we investigate the interstate migration of people with AIDS to Florida under the hypothesis that a significant proportion of these moves are made to access care and support from elderly parents. We present a variety of aggregate data to support this hypothesis. Data recording interstate moves to Florida show that over 19% of interstate migrants with AIDS chose small cities and largely rural counties as their destinations, places without well-developed medical and social service facilities beneficial to people with AIDS. Moreover, the highest in-migration rates are in counties with the greatest proportion of elderly people, who are mostly retirees from other states. A Poisson regression model of destination choice indicates that the attraction of places with a high proportion of the population over 65 is statistically significant, after controlling for other factors that may also draw migrants with AIDS. We infer from analysis of trends in migration flows, that some people with AIDS may be relocating to seek support from elderly parents.

背景与目标： : 在本文中，我们调查了艾滋病患者向佛罗里达州的州际迁移，假设这些举动中有很大一部分是为了获得老年父母的护理和支持。我们提供了各种汇总数据来支持这一假设。记录到佛罗里达州州际迁移的数据显示，超过19% 的州际艾滋病移民选择了小城市和大部分农村县作为目的地，而这些地方没有完善的医疗和社会服务设施，这对艾滋病患者有利。此外，迁入率最高的是老年人比例最高的县，他们大多是其他州的退休人员。目的地选择的泊松回归模型表明，在控制了可能也吸引艾滋病移民的其他因素之后，65岁以上人口比例较高的地方的吸引力具有统计学意义。我们从对移民流动趋势的分析中推断出，一些艾滋病患者可能正在搬迁以寻求年迈父母的支持。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The purposes of this study were to (a) examine the relationship between children's beliefs (value, competence, and goal orientations) pertaining to fitness-oriented activities and their participation in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), (b) determine whether children's own beliefs are related to their perceptions of their parents' beliefs about them (value, competence, goal orientations, expectancies), and (c) examine the relationship between children's perceptions of their parents' beliefs and their MVPA. Self-report questionnaires and structured interviews were administered to children (N = 81, ages 11-15) in a one-on-one situation in their homes to tap their own beliefs, their perceptions of their parents' beliefs, and to assess children's level of MVPA through the use of two-day recall and peer comparison measures. Multivariate multiple-regression analyses revealed that children's beliefs about their MVPA could predict a significant amount of the variance in their self-reported MVPA and that children's perceptions of their parents' beliefs were unrelated to their MVPA. Follow-up canonical correlation analyses showed that the most significant and positive predictors of MVPA were children's perceptions of competence and the degree to which they endorse a task and ego orientation. S second multivariate multiple-regression analysis revealed that children's perceptions of their parents' beliefs about them and their own beliefs about MVPA were significantly related. These findings are discussed within the framework of a Family Influence Model for understanding children's MVPA participation.

背景与目标： : 这项研究的目的是 (a) 检查儿童与健身活动有关的信念 (价值，能力和目标取向) 与他们参与中度至剧烈体育活动 (MVPA) 之间的关系，(b) 确定儿童自身的信仰是否与他们对父母对他们的信仰 (价值、能力、目标取向、期望) 的看法有关，以及 (c) 检查儿童对父母信仰的看法与他们的MVPA之间的关系。在儿童 (N = 81，11-15岁) 的家庭一对一的情况下，对他们进行自我报告问卷调查和结构化访谈，以挖掘他们自己的信仰，他们对父母信仰的看法，并通过使用两天的回忆和同伴比较措施来评估儿童的MVPA水平。多元回归分析显示，儿童对MVPA的信念可以预测其自我报告的MVPA的显着差异，并且儿童对父母信念的看法与他们的MVPA无关。后续规范相关分析表明，MVPA的最重要和最积极的预测因素是儿童对能力的感知以及他们认可任务和自我取向的程度。第二次多元多元回归分析表明，儿童对父母对他们的信念的看法与他们对MVPA的信念显着相关。在了解儿童MVPA参与的家庭影响模型的框架内讨论了这些发现。