BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Gastrointestinal nematodes are a significant threat to the economic and environmental sustainability of keeping livestock, as adequate control becomes increasingly difficult due to the development of anthelmintic resistance in some systems and climate-driven changes to infection dynamics. To mitigate any negative impacts of climate on gastrointestinal nematode epidemiology and slow anthelmintic resistance development, there is a need to develop effective, targeted control strategies that minimise the unnecessary use of anthelmintic drugs and incorporate alternative strategies such as vaccination and evasive grazing. However, the impacts climate and gastrointestinal nematode epidemiology may have on the optimal control strategy are generally not considered, due to lack of available evidence to drive recommendations. Parasite transmission models can support control strategy evaluation to target field trials, thus reducing the resources and lead-time required to develop evidence-based control recommendations incorporating climate stochasticity. Gastrointestinal nematode population dynamics arising from natural infections have been difficult to replicate and model applications have often focussed on the free-living stages. A flexible framework is presented for the parasitic phase of gastrointestinal nematodes, GLOWORM-PARA, which complements an existing model of the free-living stages, GLOWORM-FL. Longitudinal parasitological data for two species that are of major economic importance in cattle, Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora, were obtained from seven cattle farms in Belgium for model validation. The framework replicated the observed seasonal dynamics of infection in cattle on these farms and overall, there was no evidence of systematic under- or over-prediction of faecal egg counts. However, the model under-predicted the faecal egg counts observed on one farm with very young calves, highlighting potential areas of uncertainty that may need further investigation if the model is to be applied to young livestock. The model could be used to drive further research into alternative parasite control strategies such as vaccine development and novel treatment approaches, and to understand gastrointestinal nematode epidemiology under changing climate and host management.

背景与目标： : 胃肠道线虫对饲养牲畜的经济和环境可持续性构成了重大威胁，因为由于某些系统中驱虫药抗性的发展和气候驱动的感染动态变化，适当的控制变得越来越困难。为了减轻气候对胃肠道线虫流行病学和缓慢驱虫抗药性发展的任何负面影响，需要制定有效的、有针对性的控制策略，以尽量减少驱虫药物的不必要使用，并纳入替代策略，如疫苗接种和逃避放牧。但是，由于缺乏可用的证据来提出建议，通常不考虑气候和胃肠道线虫流行病学对最佳控制策略的影响。寄生虫传播模型可以支持针对目标田间试验的控制策略评估，从而减少了制定结合气候随机性的循证控制建议所需的资源和提前期。自然感染引起的胃肠道线虫种群动态很难复制，模型应用通常集中在自由生活阶段。针对胃肠道线虫的寄生阶段GLOWORM-PARA提出了一个灵活的框架，该框架补充了现有的自由生活阶段GLOWORM-FL模型。从比利时的七个牛场获得了两个在牛中具有重要经济意义的物种Ostertagia ostertagi和Cooperia oncophora的纵向寄生虫学数据，以进行模型验证。该框架复制了在这些农场中观察到的牛的季节性感染动态，总体而言，没有证据表明粪便卵数的系统性低估或过度预测。但是，该模型低估了在一个具有非常年轻的小牛的农场中观察到的粪便卵数，突出了潜在的不确定性领域，如果该模型要应用于年轻的牲畜，则可能需要进一步研究。该模型可用于推动对替代寄生虫控制策略的进一步研究，例如疫苗开发和新的治疗方法，并了解气候变化和宿主管理下的胃肠道线虫流行病学。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Xylene and its derivatives are known to be neurotoxic to the central nervous system of animals. Our previous work has shown that para-xylene (PX) can cause an increase in apoptotic cells and abnormal avoidance behavior in Xenopus laevis. However, the mechanism underlying the impact of PX on neuronal structural and functional plasticity is less clear. Here, we examined the effects of PX on neuronal development and plasticity in the developing optic tectum. We found that HuC/D-positive neurons were more vulnerable than SOX2-positive progenitor cells or BLBP-positive radial glial cells after exposure to PX at 1 mM for 48 h. The further measurement of postsynaptic receptors and synaptic vesicle proteins showed that the expression levels of GluA1 and GluA2, but not Rab3a and SNAP25, were significantly decreased in the tectal brain. In vivo time-lapse images and electrophysiological recordings showed that PX exposure resulted in significant deficits in neuronal structure, particularly in the total dendritic branch length (TDBL), and visual stimulation-induced excitatory compound synaptic currents (eCSCs) without altering neurotransmitter release probability. Strikingly, coexposure to d-glucuronolactone (GA) and PX rescued the structural and functional deficits caused by PX exposure alone. Furthermore, we found that visual experience-induced structural, functional and behavioral plasticity was blocked by PX exposure, which was also rescued by the simultaneous administration of GA and PX . Thus, our findings indicate that PX is neurotoxic to brain development and plasticity and that GA may be considered a promising candidate to treat PX-induced defects in neural circuits.

背景与目标： : 二甲苯及其衍生物已知对动物的中枢神经系统具有神经毒性。我们先前的工作表明，对二甲苯 (PX) 可以引起非洲爪蟾凋亡细胞的增加和异常的回避行为。然而，PX对神经元结构和功能可塑性影响的潜在机制尚不清楚。在这里，我们研究了PX对发育中的视神经的发育和可塑性的影响。我们发现，在暴露于1毫米的PX 48小时后，HuC/D阳性神经元比SOX2-positive祖细胞或BLBP阳性的放射状神经胶质细胞更脆弱。对突触后受体和突触小泡蛋白的进一步测量表明，在大脑皮层中GluA1和GluA2的表达水平显着降低，而Rab3a和SNAP25的表达水平却没有降低。体内延时图像和电生理记录显示，PX暴露导致神经元结构显着缺陷，尤其是总树突分支长度 (TDBL) 和视觉刺激诱导的兴奋性复合突触电流 (eCSCs)，而不改变神经递质释放概率。令人惊讶的是，共同暴露于d-葡萄糖醛酸内酯 (GA) 和PX可挽救仅由PX暴露引起的结构和功能缺陷。此外，我们发现视觉体验诱导的结构，功能和行为可塑性被PX暴露所阻断，而同时施用GA和PX也可以挽救。因此，我们的发现表明PX对大脑发育和可塑性具有神经毒性，并且GA可能被认为是治疗PX诱导的神经回路缺陷的有希望的候选者。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:To report the feasibility and reproducibility of single-port extraperitoneal para-aortic (PA) lymphadenectomy exclusively using conventional instruments in locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) and to evaluate the learning curve. METHODS:From January 2011 to January 2013, 52 a total of consecutive patients with LACC were candidates for extraperitoneal PA lymphadenectomy via an original single-port approach that we developed. All patients underwent positron emission tomography-computed tomography that indicated no PA uptake. RESULTS:Fifty consecutive patients underwent single-port staging surgery. Two patients had peritoneal carcinomatosis and were not submitted to PA lymphadenectomy. Median age and body mass index were, respectively 47 (range 27-68) years and 23 (range 16-37) kg/m(2). In one case, lymphadenectomy was unfeasible because of renal vessel anomalies (a bifurcated left renal vein crossed the aorta at the level of the inferior mesenteric artery), and two nodes were removed. Conventional instruments were used in all cases. The median operative time was 180 (range 110-270) min. The median and mean number of nodes removed were, respectively, 18 (range 2-47) and 19.4. Six (12 %) patients had metastatic PA disease. No conversion to laparotomy or conventional multiport laparoscopy was required. The median postoperative hospital stay and the interval between staging surgery and the beginning of chemoradiation were, respectively, 2 (range 1-26) days and 16.5 (range 1-60) days. The learning curve was evaluated at seven procedures with a decreased median operative time at 160 (range 110-240) min. CONCLUSIONS:Extraperitoneal staging via a single-port left iliac approach is feasible with conventional tools, is reproducible and safe, and offers a high degree of cosmetic satisfaction.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Hemophagocytic syndrome is a proliferative disorder of an activated monocyte-macrophage system and is characterized by fever, hepato-splenomegaly and pancytopenia. The serum level of interferon-gamma in the syndrome is increased but its origin is unknown. Here we describe a case of NK cell leukemia with hemophagocytic syndrome with elevated serum level of interferon-gamma. The levels of various cytokines were monitored during the course and statistic analysis was performed. To identify the clonal component, the NK cell fraction was sorted from the mononuclear layer and was subjected to Southern blot hybridization with a probe for EB virus tandem repeats. The fraction was also stimulated with interleukin-2 and the level of interferon-gamma in the conditioned medium was measured. Levels of M-CSF and interferon-gamma were significantly correlated with the degree of clinical manifestations and laboratory data. Southern blot hybridization revealed monoclonality of an NK cell fraction. The fraction also released interferon-gamma. Since macrophage can be activated through cytokines, the hemophagocytosis might have been triggered by factor(s) released from the abnormal NK cell clone at least in this case.

背景与目标： 噬血细胞综合征是一种活化的单核-巨噬细胞系统的增殖性疾病，其特征是发热，肝脾肿大和全血细胞减少。综合征中干扰素-γ 的血清水平升高，但其起源尚不清楚。在这里，我们描述了一例NK细胞白血病伴噬血细胞综合征，血清干扰素-γ 水平升高。在此过程中监测各种细胞因子的水平并进行统计分析。为了鉴定克隆成分，从单核层中分选NK细胞级分，并与eb病毒串联重复序列的探针进行Southern印迹杂交。还用interleukin-2刺激该级分，并测量条件培养基中干扰素-γ 的水平。M-csf和干扰素-γ 的水平与临床表现和实验室数据的程度显着相关。Southern印迹杂交显示NK细胞级分的单克隆性。该部分还释放了干扰素-γ。由于巨噬细胞可以通过细胞因子激活，因此至少在这种情况下，吞噬细胞作用可能是由异常NK细胞克隆释放的因子触发的。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :A multistep conversion system of para-substituted phenols by recombinant phenol hydroxylase (PH(IND)) and 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase (BphC(LA-4)) was constructed in this study. Docking studies with different para-substituted phenols and corresponding catechols inside of the active site of PH(IND) and BphC(LA-4) predicted that all the substrates should be transformed. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that the products of multistep conversion were the corresponding para-substituted catechols and semialdehydes. For the first-step conversion, the formation rate of 4-fluorocatechol (0.39 μM/min/mg dry weight) by strain PH(IND) hydroxylation was 1.15, 6.50, 3.00, and 1.18-fold higher than the formation of 4-chlorocatechol, 4-bromocatechol, 4-nitrocatechol, and 4-methylcatechol, respectively. For the second-step conversion, the formation rates of semialdehydes by strain BphC(LA-4) were as follows: 5-fluoro-HODA>5-chloro-HODA>2-hydroxy-5-nitro-ODA>5-bromo-HODA>2-hydroxy-5-methyl-ODA. The present study suggested that the multistep conversion by both ring hydroxylase and cleavage dioxygenase should be potential in the synthesis of industrial precursors and provide a novel avenue in the wastewater recycling treatment.

背景与目标： : 通过重组酚羟化酶 (PH(IND)) 和2,3-二羟基联苯1,2-双加氧酶 (BphC(LA-4)) 构建了对位取代酚的多步转化系统。与PH(IND) 和BphC(LA-4) 活性位点内的不同对位取代酚和相应的儿茶酚的对接研究预测，所有底物都应转化。高效液相色谱-质谱分析表明，多步转化的产物是相应的对位取代的儿茶酚和半醛。对于第一步转化，菌株PH(IND) 羟基化作用下4-氟邻苯二酚 (0.39 μ m/min/mg干重) 的形成速率比4-氯邻苯二酚、4-溴邻苯二酚、4-硝基邻苯二酚和4-甲基邻苯二酚的形成速率分别高1.15、6.50、3.00和1.18倍。对于第二步转化，菌株BphC(LA-4) 的半醛形成速率如下: 5-氟-hoda> 5-氯-hoda> 2-羟基-5-硝基-oda> 5-溴-hoda> 2-羟基-5-甲基-oda。本研究表明，环羟化酶和裂解双加氧酶的多步转化在工业前体的合成中应具有潜力，并为废水回收处理提供了新的途径。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Quantum dynamics calculation, performed on top of density functional theory (DFT)-based total energy calculations, show dynamical quantum filtering via enhanced scattering of para-H2 on SrTiO3(001). We attribute this to the strongly orientation-dependent (electrostatic) interaction potential between the H2 (induced) quadrupole moment and the surface electric field gradient of ionic SrTiO3(001). These results suggest that ionic surfaces could function as a scattering/filtering media to realize rotationally state-resolved H2. This could find significant applications not only in H2 storage and transport, but also in realizing materials with pre-determined characteristic properties.

背景与目标： : 在基于密度泛函理论 (DFT) 的总能量计算的基础上进行的量子动力学计算显示了通过增强SrTiO3(001) 上的para-H2散射进行的动态量子滤波。我们将其归因于H2 (感应) 四极矩与离子SrTiO3(001) 的表面电场梯度之间的强烈取向依赖性 (静电) 相互作用势。这些结果表明，离子表面可以用作散射/过滤介质，以实现旋转状态分辨的h2。这不仅可以在H2的存储和运输中找到重要的应用，而且可以在实现具有预定特性的材料方面找到重要的应用。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The interactions between nerve fibres from para- and orthosympathetic ganglia and adreno-cortical and -medullary cells were studied in joint cultures using explanted guinea-pig ciliary and sympathetic chain ganglia and enzyme-dispersed rat adrenal gland cells. Nerve fibres from both para- and orthosympathetic ganglia made only transitory contact with cortical cells, but consistently formed associations with isolated chromaffin cells which lasted for up to 10 days. Contacts between axons and chromaffin cells often showed particularly large varicosities and frequently withstood severe tests of durability from pulls of the fibre or the cell or both. By correlating phase contrast and catecholamine histochemistry (Falck-Hillarp method) it was shown that sympathetic fibres forming long-lasting contacts with chromaffin cells were adrenergic. The functional implications of the ability of autonomic nerves to distinguish between adreno-cortical and -medullary cells and the lack of specificity shown by the para- and orthosympathetic neurons during formation of long-lasting associations with chromaffin cells are discussed.

背景与目标： : 使用外植的豚鼠睫状和交感链神经节以及酶分散的大鼠肾上腺细胞，在联合培养物中研究了来自对侧和正交感神经节的神经纤维与肾上腺皮质和髓质细胞之间的相互作用。来自副神经节和正交感神经节的神经纤维仅与皮质细胞短暂接触，但始终与分离的嗜铬细胞形成关联，持续长达10天。轴突和嗜铬细胞之间的接触通常显示出特别大的静脉曲张，并且经常经受住纤维或细胞或两者的拉力对耐久性的严格测试。通过关联相衬和儿茶酚胺组织化学 (Falck-Hillarp方法)，表明与嗜铬细胞形成持久接触的交感神经纤维是肾上腺素能的。讨论了自主神经区分肾上腺皮质细胞和髓质细胞的能力的功能含义，以及在与嗜铬细胞形成长期关联的过程中，副神经和直系神经神经元表现出的缺乏特异性。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Rabbits of allotype a1a3 were injected on days 0, 2, and 4 with mixtures containing equal amounts of pigeon erythrocytes (Prbc) coupled to para-azobenzenearsonate (AA) and to para-azobenzene-N-trimethylammonium (TMA). On day 6, the allotypes of antibody from plaque-forming cells (PFC) of the blood were determined by observing the inhibition of plaque formation by anti-allotype sera. Anti-AA PFC appeared to consist for the most part of cells making antibody of allotype a1 since 65% of them were inhibited by anti-a1 serum and only 8% by anti-a3. Anti-TMA PFC, on the other hand, appeared to consist mostly of cells making antibody of allotype a3, since less than 1% of them were inhibited by anti-a1 but 47% by anti-a3. Antibody allotype for spleen PFC was also determined on day 6 and was similar to that found for blood PFC. Anti-AA PFC were inhibited 74% by anti-a1 serum and 15% by anti-a3 whereas anti-TMA PFC were inhibited 19% by anti-a1 and 43% by anti-a3. Serum hemolysin specific for AA hapten from a1a3 animals was also strongly inhibited by anti-a1 serum but not by anti-a3 whereas the converse was true for hemolysin against TMA hapten. The a1a3 rabbits, in whcih the anti-AA was restricted to allotype a1, were mated to produced homozygous a3a3 animals. When the PFC and serum antibodies of these a3a3 offspring were examined by specific inhibition, the anti-AA activity was found to be of allotype a3 rather than being a-negative. The number of anti-AA PFC in the blood of a3a3 rabbits was lower than that in blood of a1a3 or a1a1 animals. In addition, the TMA hapten appeared to inhibit the response to the AA hapten. Thus a1a3 rabbits immunized with AA-Prbc alone had 14-fold more anti-AA PFC or 18-fold higher anti-AA hemolysin titer than a3a3 animals immunized with both AA-Prbc and TMA-Prbc. Our results are discussed in relation to various explanations which have been offered for an imbalance of allotypes in a given antibody.

背景与目标： : 在第0、2和4天，向同种异体a1a3兔子注射含有等量的鸽子红细胞 (Prbc) 的混合物，该混合物与对偶氮苯硬脂酸酯 (AA) 和对偶氮苯-N-三甲基铵 (TMA) 偶联。在第6天，通过观察抗异体血清对斑块形成的抑制作用，确定了来自血液中斑块形成细胞 (PFC) 的抗体的同种异型。抗AA PFC似乎由大部分细胞组成，产生同种异型a1抗体，因为其中65% 被anti-a1血清抑制，仅被anti-a3 8%。另一方面，抗TMA PFC似乎主要由产生同种异体a3抗体的细胞组成，因为其中少于1% 的细胞被anti-a1抑制，但47% 被anti-a3抑制。脾脏PFC的抗体同种异型也在第6天测定，与血液PFC相似。抗AA PFC 74% 被anti-a1血清抑制，15% 被anti-a3抑制，而抗TMA PFC 19% 被anti-a1抑制，43% 被anti-a3抑制。来自a1a3动物的AA半抗原特异性血清溶血素也被anti-a1血清强烈抑制，但未被anti-a3抑制，而针对TMA半抗原的溶血素则相反。将抗AA仅限于同种异型a1的a1a3兔交配产生纯合的a3a3动物。当通过特异性抑制检查这些a3a3后代的PFC和血清抗体时，发现抗AA活性是同种异体a3，而不是a阴性。a3a3兔血液中抗AA PFC的数量低于a1a3或a1a1动物的血液。此外，TMA半抗原似乎抑制了对AA半抗原的反应。因此，仅用aa-prbc免疫的a1a3兔的抗AA PFC或抗AA溶血素滴度比用aa-prbc和tma-prbc免疫的a3a3动物高14倍。我们讨论了有关给定抗体中同种异体失衡的各种解释的结果。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:The Radiation Therapy Oncolology Group (RTOG) 0116 trial was designed to test the ability of Amifostine to reduce the toxicity of combined chemotherapy with extended-field radiotherapy and brachytherapy (Part 2), after first determining the toxicity rate for the regimen without Amifostine (Part 1). This manuscript reports the results of Part 1. METHODS AND MATERIALS:Eligibility included patients with cervical carcinoma and high common iliac or para-aortic metastasis. Patients received extended-field radiotherapy to 45 Gy (1.8 Gy/fraction) with intracavitary irradiation. The final point A dose was 85 Gy LDR equivalent. Use of HDR was allowed. The positive para-aortic and high common iliac nodes were boosted to 54 to 59.4 Gy. Cisplatin (40 mg/m(2)) was delivered weekly during external beam and once with brachytherapy. The primary endpoint of Part 1 was acute Grade 3/4 toxicity, excluding Grade 3 leukopenia. RESULTS:A total of 26 eligible patients were entered between August 1, 2000, and December 3, 2003. Of these, 21 had para-aortic metastasis (15 also had high common iliac involvement), and 5 had high common iliac involvement only. The median follow-up was 17.1 months (range, 1.8-38.6 months) for all patients and 21.7 months (range, 11.4-38.6 months) for alive patients. The acute Grade 3/4 toxicity rate, excluding Grade 3 leukopenia was 81%. Late Grade 3/4 toxicity was 40%. Eight patients underwent surgery for complications. Sixteen (62%) patients had a complete response for both local and nodal disease. The complete local response was 92%, the complete overall nodal response rate was 62% and the regional and para-aortic nodal response rates were 60% and 71% respectively. Estimated disease-free and overall survival at 18 months are 46% and 60%. CONCLUSIONS:Extended field and intracavitary irradiation with cisplatin for para-aortic or high common iliac metastasis from cervical cancer is associated with significant acute and late toxicity.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :A series of ethacrynic acid analogues, lacking the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl unit, was synthesized and subsequently evaluated for their ability to inhibit the migration of human breast cancer cells, Hs578Ts(i)8 as well as of human prostate cancer cells, C4-2B. These cell lines provide a good model system to study migration and invasion, since they represent metastatic cancer. Our studies show that ethacrynic acid analogues with methyl substituents at the aromatic ring demonstrate no inhibitory effect on the migration of both cancer cell lines, whereas a precursor in the synthesis of these ethacrynic acid analogues (II-1, a para-acylated m-cresol) is an excellent inhibitor of the migration of both cancer cell lines.

背景与目标： : 合成了一系列缺乏 α，β-不饱和羰基单元的乙酸类似物，随后评估了其抑制人乳腺癌细胞Hs578Ts(i)8以及人前列腺癌细胞迁移的能力，C4-2B。这些细胞系为研究迁移和侵袭提供了良好的模型系统，因为它们代表了转移性癌症。我们的研究表明，在芳环上具有甲基取代基的乙炔酸类似物对两种癌细胞系的迁移均无抑制作用，而这些乙炔酸类似物的合成前体 (II-1，对酰化的间甲酚) 是两种癌细胞系迁移的出色抑制剂。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We present here the results concerning the antibacterial properties evaluation of para-guanidinoethylcalix[4]arene, compared with its constitutive monomer, the para-guanidinoethylphenol, and hexamidine (Hexomédine), an antiseptic from the diamidine family widely used in therapeutic, chosen as a reference in this study for its resemblance in terms of functional groups. Antibacterial activities of those three compounds were evaluated by microdilution methods, in Mueller Hinton broth, onto 5 bacterial strains: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 & ATCC 29213 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, according to CA-SFM and CLSI (formerly NCCLS) approved standards. In parallel, the effects of these three compounds on MRC-5 eukaryotic cell viability were evaluated with MTT assay. The results obtained here confirm a lack of activity for the monomer compound (MIC> or =512 mg/l) and a real antibacterial activity for the calixarene, comparable to hexamidine. This activity is expressed, both on Gram+and Gram- bacteria (MIC=4 mg/l for E. coli, 8 mg/l on both S. aureus strains) and at a lesser degree on E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa (MIC=32 mg/l). Similarly, both compounds, monomer and calixarene, slightly induce any modification on MRC-5 cells viability, and this until 168 h of treatment for concentrations reaching 10(-4) mol/L while hexamidine demonstrates a significant and increasing effect during the time of experiment and this for 100 to 1000 times lower concentrations. Thus, this study tends to confirm the significance of the organization of the para-guanidinoethylphenol monomer into its cyclic calixarenic tetramer for the gain of an antibacterial activity, similar to a widely used antiseptic one.

背景与目标： : 我们在这里介绍了有关对胍基乙基杯 [4] 芳烃的抗菌性能评估的结果，与其组成性单体，对胍基乙基苯酚和六胺 (Hexomédine) (一种来自二胺家族的防腐剂) 进行了比较，广泛用于治疗，由于其在官能团方面的相似之处，因此在本研究中被选为参考。根据ca-sfm和CLSI (原NCCLS) 批准的标准，通过微稀释方法在Mueller Hinton肉汤中对5种细菌菌株: 大肠杆菌ATCC 25922，铜绿假单胞菌ATCC 27853，金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 25923和ATCC 29213和粪肠球菌ATCC 29212进行抗菌活性评估。同时，用MTT测定法评估这三种化合物对MRC-5真核细胞活力的影响。此处获得的结果证实了单体化合物缺乏活性 (MIC> 或 = 512 mg/l) 和杯芳烃的实际抗菌活性，与六胺定相当。这种活性在革兰氏细菌和革兰氏细菌上都有表达 (大肠杆菌的MIC = 4 mg/l，两种金黄色葡萄球菌菌株的MIC = 8 mg/l)，在粪肠球菌和铜绿假单胞菌 (MIC = 32 mg/l)。类似地，单体和杯芳烃这两种化合物轻微地诱导对MRC-5细胞活力的任何修饰，这直到浓度达到10(-4) mol/L的处理168小时，而在实验期间，六胺定显示出显著且增加的效果，这对于100到1000倍的低浓度。因此，这项研究倾向于证实将对位胍基乙基酚单体组织成其环状杯烯四聚体以获得抗菌活性的重要性，类似于广泛使用的防腐剂。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic value of lymph node ratio (LNR) in women with 2018 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IIIC cervical cancer. METHODS:In this retrospective dual-institutional study, a total of 185 node-positive cervical cancer patients who had undergone radical hysterectomy with systematic pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy were included. All of the patients received adjuvant chemoradiation after surgery. LNR was defined as the ratio of positive lymph nodes (LNs) to the total number of LNs removed. The patients were categorized into 2 groups according to LNR; LNR <0.05 and LNR ≥0.05. The prognostic value of LNR was evaluated with univariate log-rank tests and multivariate Cox regression models. RESULTS:A total of 138 patients (74.6%) had stage IIIC1 disease and 47 (25.4%) patients had stage IIIC2 disease. With a median follow-up period of 45.5 months (range 3-135 months), the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 62.5% whereas the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was 70.4% for the entire study population. The 5-year DFS rates for LNR <0.05 and LNR ≥0.05 were 78.2%, and 48.4%, respectively (p<0.001). Additionally, the 5-year OS rates for LNR <0.05 and LNR ≥0.05 were 80.6%, and 61.2%, respectively (p=0.007). On multivariate analysis, LNR ≥0.05 was associated with a worse DFS (hazard ratio [HR]=2.12; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.15-3.90; p=0.015) and OS (HR=1.95; 95% CI=1.01-3.77; p=0.046) in women with stage IIIC cervical cancer. CONCLUSIONS:LNR ≥0.05 seems to be an independent prognostic factor for decreased DFS and OS in stage IIIC cervical carcinoma.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Transient junctional rhythm late after para-Hisian accessory pathway cryoablation occurred in two patients. Cryoablation was delivered using the 8 mm tip Freezor MAX™ catheter (Cryocath Technologies Inc., Montreal, Canada), 2 mm distal to the largest His potential. Transient symptomatic junctional rhythm occurred after 1 week. This benign, self-limiting rhythm is possibly caused by reversible cryoinjury to the His bundle periphery.

背景与目标： : 两名患者发生了副Hisian辅助途径冷冻消融后晚期的短暂连接节律。使用8毫米尖端Freezor MAX进行冷冻消融™导管 (Cryocath Technologies Inc.，加拿大蒙特利尔)，2毫米最大的潜力。1周后出现短暂症状性交界节律。这种良性的，自限性的节律可能是由His束周围的可逆冷冻损伤引起的。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The rubber particle is a special organelle in which natural rubber is synthesised and stored in the laticifers of Hevea brasiliensis. To better understand the biological functions of rubber particles and to identify the candidate rubber biosynthesis-related proteins, a comprehensive proteome analysis was performed on H. brasiliensis rubber particles using shotgun tandem mass spectrometry profiling approaches-resulting in a thorough report on the rubber particle proteins. A total of 186 rubber particle proteins were identified, with a range in relative molecular mass of 3.9-194.2 kDa and in isoelectric point values of 4.0-11.2. The rubber particle proteins were analysed for gene ontology and could be categorised into eight major groups according to their functions: including rubber biosynthesis, stress- or defence-related responses, protein processing and folding, signal transduction and cellular transport. In addition to well-known rubber biosynthesis-related proteins such as rubber elongation factor (REF), small rubber particle protein (SRPP) and cis-prenyl transferase (CPT), many proteins were firstly identified to be on the rubber particles, including cyclophilin, phospholipase D, cytochrome P450, small GTP-binding protein, clathrin, eukaryotic translation initiation factor, annexin, ABC transporter, translationally controlled tumour protein, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, and several homologues of REF, SRPP and CPT. A procedure of multiple reaction monitoring was established for further protein validation. This comprehensive proteome data of rubber particles would facilitate investigation into molecular mechanisms of biogenesis, self-homeostasis and rubber biosynthesis of the rubber particle, and might serve as valuable biomarkers in molecular breeding studies of H. brasiliensis and other alternative rubber-producing species.

背景与目标： : 橡胶颗粒是一种特殊的细胞器，其中天然橡胶被合成并存储在巴西橡胶树的胶乳中。为了更好地了解橡胶颗粒的生物学功能并鉴定与橡胶生物合成相关的候选蛋白，使用shot弹枪串联质谱分析方法对巴西橡胶颗粒进行了全面的蛋白质组分析，从而获得了有关橡胶颗粒蛋白的全面报告。总共鉴定了186种橡胶颗粒蛋白，其相对分子质量范围为3.9-194.2 kDa，等电点值为4.0-11.2。对橡胶颗粒蛋白进行了基因本体论分析，并根据其功能可分为八大类: 包括橡胶生物合成，应激或防御相关反应，蛋白质加工和折叠，信号转导和细胞转运。除了众所周知的橡胶生物合成相关蛋白如橡胶伸长因子 (REF) 、小橡胶颗粒蛋白 (SRPP) 和顺异戊二烯基转移酶 (CPT) 外，许多蛋白质首先被鉴定为在橡胶颗粒上，包括亲环素、磷脂酶D、细胞色素P450、小GTP结合蛋白，网格蛋白，真核翻译起始因子，膜联蛋白，ABC转运蛋白，翻译控制的肿瘤蛋白，泛素结合酶以及REF，SRPP和CPT的几种同源物。建立了多反应监测程序，以进一步进行蛋白质验证。橡胶颗粒的蛋白质组数据将有助于研究橡胶颗粒的生物发生，自我平衡和橡胶生物合成的分子机制，并可能在巴西H. brasiliensis和其他替代橡胶生产物种的分子育种研究中用作有价值的生物标志物。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic radical parametrectomy and pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy after previous supracervical or extrafascial hysterectomy. This is a prospective study of six patients with vaginal or cervical stump carcinoma after previous supracervical or extrafascial hysterectomy. The technique of radical parametrectomy with pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy as used for open surgical cases for years was performed laparoscopically. The average operating time was 180 min, the estimated average blood loss was 220 mL, and the duration of hospitalization was 11.8 days. There was no intraoperative or postoperative complication. Laparoscopic radical parametrectomy with pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy for cervical or vaginal stump carcinoma can be successfully and safely accomplished.

背景与目标： : 这项研究的目的是研究先前的脊柱上或筋膜外子宫切除术后腹腔镜根治性切除术以及盆腔和主动脉旁淋巴结切除术的可行性和安全性。这是一项前瞻性研究，对6例先前的宫颈上或筋膜外子宫切除术后的阴道或宫颈残端癌患者进行了研究。腹腔镜下进行了多年开放手术病例的盆腔和主动脉旁淋巴结切除术根治性副视网膜切除术技术。平均手术时间为180 min，估计平均失血量为220 mL，住院时间为11.8天。术中或术后无并发症。腹腔镜根治性副视网膜切除术联合盆腔和主动脉旁淋巴结清扫术治疗宫颈或阴道残端癌可以成功，安全地完成。