BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:To describe the prevalence of oral diseases and their impact on oral-health-related quality of life in people with severe mental illness undertaking community-based psychiatric care. METHODS:A survey was conducted at eight outpatient psychiatric care clinics in Tower Hamlets, London, UK. One hundred and twelve consecutive patients with mental illness were invited to participate in this study. They were clinically examined and asked to complete the oral health impact profile (OHIP) questionnaire. RESULTS:The response rate was 79% (n = 89); 57 (64%) males and 58 persons over 45 years of age (65%) participated in this survey. Overall OHIP score was 25.4 (95% CI 23.3, 27.4), 70 (78%) were smokers and 45 (51%) had been to the dentist in the last two years. Forty-seven (53%) respondents had caries in at least one tooth, 60 (67%) had 21 teeth and more, and 14 (16%) used dentures. Advanced periodontal treatment was indicated in 42 (55%) of patients and 52.8% (n = 47) patients reported current pain. CONCLUSION:Overall, this survey found that oral health has a great impact on patients with severe mental illness being treated in the community setting and their oral health is poorer than the national adult general population. Future research should consider the causes that relate to the poorer oral health in this population and potential health promotion mechanisms in this population to encourage an upstream approach to health.

背景与目标： 目的：描述在进行基于社区的精神病治疗的重度精神疾病患者中口腔疾病的流行及其对口腔健康相关生活质量的影响。
方法：在英国伦敦塔哈姆雷特市的八家门诊精神病诊所进行了一项调查。连续邀请112名精神疾病患者参加这项研究。对他们进行了临床检查，并要求他们填写口腔健康影响资料（OHIP）调查表。
结果：回应率为79％（n = 89）；男性（57％）（64％）和58岁以上的58人（65％）参加了这项调查。 OHIP总体得分为25.4（95％CI 23.3、27.4），吸烟者70（78％）和最近两年去牙医的45（51％）。 47名（53％）的被调查者的至少一颗牙齿上有龋齿； 60（67％）的人有21颗及以上的牙齿，以及14颗（16％）的假牙。 42名（55％）患者表示进行了牙周治疗，目前有疼痛的患者占52.8％（n = 47）。
结论：总体而言，该调查发现，口腔健康对在社区环境中接受治疗的严重精神疾病患者有很大影响，并且其口腔健康状况比全国成年人口人群差。未来的研究应考虑与该人群口腔健康较差的原因以及该人群中潜在的健康促进机制，以鼓励采用上游健康方法。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a growing global public health problem for which standard therapeutic strategies have failed to contribute significantly to improve the survival rates that have remained around 50% over the past three decades. Therefore, there is a pressing need for new therapeutic strategies. Curcumin is a natural dietary compound with known anti-neoplastic activities, hence its classification as a nutraceutical agent. This review presents the current in vitro and in vivo studies in which curcumin has been examined for its anti-cancer potential in treating OSCC. Its mechanisms of action are also beginning to become unveiled. The available studies have been focusing on the impact of curcumin on epithelial malignant cells, but overlooking the components of the tumor microenvironment. Curcumin has been emerging as a promising therapeutic agent in oral cancer, either alone or in combination with standard therapeutic agents, and will probably become of practical use once its route of administration has overcome its poor bioavailability.

背景与目标： ：口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）是一个日益严重的全球性公共卫生问题，对于该问题，标准的治疗策略未能显着提高其存活率，在过去的三十年中，其存活率一直保持在50％左右。因此，迫切需要新的治疗策略。姜黄素是一种具有已知抗肿瘤活性的天然饮食化合物，因此被归类为营养药物。这篇综述介绍了目前的体外和体内研究，其中姜黄素已被检测出其在治疗OSCC中的抗癌潜力。其作用机制也开始被揭示。现有的研究集中在姜黄素对上皮恶性细胞的影响上，但忽略了肿瘤微环境的组成部分。姜黄素已经单独或与标准治疗剂结合起来成为口腔癌中有希望的治疗剂，一旦其给药途径克服了其不良的生物利用度，姜黄素可能会变得实用。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: This multicenter, open-label, third-party-masked trial compared the efficacy and safety of itraconazole oral solution (200 mg once daily) and clotrimazole troches (10 mg five times daily) in a population of immunocompromised subjects composed primarily of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Patients were treated for 14 days; patients who exhibited a clinical response were followed up for an additional month to document the occurrence of relapse. Efficacy was judged by changes from baseline in symptoms of oropharyngeal candidiasis (erythema, soreness/burning), extent of oral lesions, and the presence/absence of Candida species on fungal culture. A total of 162 patients were randomized, and 149 were evaluated for efficacy. The percentage of patients with negative cultures at the end of treatment was significantly greater in the itraconazole group than in the clotrimazole group (60% vs 32%, respectively). Negative culture plus clinical response was achieved in significantly more itraconazole-treated patients (53%) than clotrimazole-treated patients (30%); results were similar in the subgroup of patients with HIV/AIDS. Both drugs were well tolerated, with the most frequently reported adverse events for both agents involving the gastrointestinal system. In conclusion, systemic therapy with intraconazole oral solution is efficacious and well tolerated in immunocompromised patients, including those with HIV/AIDS, when administered once daily for 14 days for the treatment of oral candidiasis.

背景与目标： 这项多中心，开放标签，第三方掩盖的试验在主要由人类患者组成的免疫功能低下人群中比较了伊曲康唑口服溶液（每天200 mg）和克霉唑锭剂（每天10 mg，五次）的疗效和安全性。免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）/后天免疫缺陷综合症（AIDS）。患者接受了14天的治疗；表现出临床反应的患者需要再随访一个月，以记录复发的发生。通过口咽念珠菌病的症状（红斑，酸痛/灼烧），口腔病变的程度以及真菌培养物中是否存在念珠菌，从基线的变化来判断疗效。总共162例患者被随机分组​​，并评估149例疗效。伊曲康唑组治疗结束时培养阴性的患者百分比显着高于克霉唑组（分别为60％和32％）。伊曲康唑治疗的患者（53％）比克霉唑治疗的患者（30％）获得了阴性培养和临床反应。 HIV / AIDS患者亚组的结果相似。两种药物均具有良好的耐受性，两种药物均涉及胃肠道系统，是最常见的不良事件。综上所述，使用康康唑口服液进行全身治疗对于免疫功能低下的患者（包括艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者）有效，并且耐受性良好，每天口服一次，持续14天，可治疗口腔念珠菌病。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Non-compliance with oral self-care recommendations, despite education and motivation, is a major problem in preventive dentistry. Forming concrete if-then action plans has been successful in changing self-care behavior in other areas of preventive medicine. This is the first trial to test the effects of a brief planning intervention on interdental hygiene behavior. Two hundred thirty-nine participants received a packet of floss, information, and a flossing guide. They were randomly assigned to a control or an intervention group. The intervention took 1.16 minutes and consisted of forming a concrete plan of where, when, and how to floss. Baseline measures and two-week and two-month follow-ups included self-report, residual floss, and theory of planned behavior variables. The intervention significantly affected flossing in that group at two-week and two-month follow-ups, as compared with the control group. This study provides evidence for the effects of a concise intervention on oral self-care behavior.

背景与目标： ：尽管有教育和动机，但仍未遵守口腔自我保健的建议，是预防牙科的主要问题。制定具体的“如果-则-则”行动计划已成功地改变了其他预防医学领域的自我保健行为。这是第一个测试简短的计划干预对牙齿间卫生行为影响的试验。 239名参与者收到了一包牙线，信息和牙线指南。他们被随机分配到对照组或干预组。干预过程花了1.16分钟，包括制定何时何地，何时以及如何使用牙线的具体计划。基线测量以及两周和两个月的随访包括自我报告，残留牙线和计划的行为变量理论。与对照组相比，干预在两周和两个月的随访中显着影响了该组的牙线剔除。这项研究为简洁干预对口腔自我护理行为的影响提供了证据。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Kayexalate (Roxane Labs, Columbus, OH) in sorbitol is commonly administered by the oral and rectal route for the treatment of hyperkalemia in patients with renal failure. It is believed to have minimal toxicity because it functions as a cation exchanger and is not absorbed. We herein report on a patient who developed identical serpiginous ulcers in the stomach and the terminal ileum after the use of Kayexalate. We believe that this drug could have significant gastrointestinal toxicity in specific patient groups and suggest tentative guidelines, both for the identification of such patients and for the safer use of Kayexalate in these circumstances.

背景与目标： 山梨糖醇中的Kayexalate（Roxane Labs，俄亥俄州哥伦布）通常通过口服和直肠途径给药，用于治疗肾衰竭患者的高钾血症。据信它具有最小的毒性，因为它起阳离子交换剂的作用并且不被吸收。我们在此报道了使用开塞利酸盐后在胃和末端回肠中发展出相同的锯齿状溃疡的患者。我们认为，这种药物在特定的患者群体中可能具有明显的胃肠道毒性，并建议采用临时性指导原则，以用于识别此类患者以及在这种情况下更安全地使用Kayexalate。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Oral immunotherapy, if proven safe and effective, could be an alternative to subcutaneous immunotherapy. OBJECTIVE:This pilot study investigated the clinic and immunologic effects of ragweed immunotherapy using a new microencapsulated, pH-sensitive, oral delivery system. METHODS:A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 23 patients with allergic rhinitis to short ragweed. Following a baseline nasal challenge with ragweed allergen, oral immunotherapy with encapsulated short ragweed extract or placebo was administered once daily, 6 days/week. Dosed began at 3 micrograms Amb a 1 per day and were increased by 3 micrograms every three days as tolerated, to a maximum daily maintenance dose of 24 micrograms. A nasal challenge was repeated 6 weeks, later, followed by the continuation of maintenance therapy through the natural ragweed season. Daily allergy symptoms and relief medication usage was recorded. A final nasal challenge was performed at the end of the natural season. Short ragweed-specific serum IgE, IgG, and IgG4 antibody levels were measured every 2 weeks during the study. RESULTS:Maximum tolerated doses ranged from 6 to 24 micrograms Amb a 1 per day (74% reached 24 micrograms). Adverse events were not serious or different between the active and placebo groups. The active group showed increased in short ragweed-specific serum IgG and IgG4 antibody levels. Symptom scores during the natural season were numerically but not statistically lower in the active treatment group. This group also experienced a greater reduction from baseline in nasal reactivity as assessed by nasal challenge. CONCLUSIONS:These pilot data suggest that the encapsulated, pH-sensitive oral immunotherapy delivery system was safe, induced a brisk serologic response, and attenuated the symptomatic response to both experimental and environmental ragweed exposure.

背景与目标： 背景：口服免疫疗法如果被证明是安全有效的，则可以替代皮下免疫疗法。
目的：这项初步研究调查了豚草免疫疗法使用新型微囊化，pH敏感，口服给药系统的临床和免疫学作用。
方法：对23名短豚草过敏性鼻炎患者进行了一项双盲，安慰剂对照试验。用豚草变应原进行鼻腔基线攻击后，每天一次，6天/周一次用胶囊化的短豚草提取物或安慰剂进行口服免疫治疗。剂量从每天3微克Amb a 1开始，并在耐受的情况下每三天增加3微克，最大每日维持剂量为24微克。六周后重复一次鼻刺激，然后在天然豚草季节继续进行维持治疗。记录每日过敏症状和缓解药物使用情况。在自然季节结束时进行最后的鼻挑战。在研究期间，每2周测量一次豚草特异性血清IgE，IgG和IgG4抗体水平。
结果：最大耐受​​剂量为每天6至24微克Amb a 1（74％达到24微克）。积极组和安慰剂组之间的不良事件并不严重或没有差异。活性组显示短豚草特异性血清IgG和IgG4抗体水平升高。在活跃的治疗组中，自然季节的症状评分在数值上没有统计学上的降低。通过鼻激发评估，该组的鼻反应性也比基线有更大的降低。
结论：这些试验数据表明，这种封装的，对pH敏感的口服免疫疗法递送系统是安全的，可诱导轻度的血清反应，并减弱对豚草和实验豚草暴露的症状反应。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of oral health impact on daily performance in Brazilian adults. 276 civil servants 35 to 44 years of age from the Public Works and Waste Disposal Department of Porto Alegre, in southern Brazil, were interviewed and clinically examined. Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP) was used to evaluate the impact of oral health status on daily performance. 73.6% of all subjects had at least one daily performance affected by an oral impact in the previous six months. The most commonly affected performance was eating (48.6%), while the most common symptoms were discomfort (40.6%) and dissatisfaction with one's appearance (31.5%). Missing teeth (21.7%) and toothache (20.7%) were recognized as the main causes of oral impacts on daily performance. OIDP was useful for measuring (physically, psychologically, and socially) the oral impacts on daily performance.

背景与目标： ：这项研究旨在调查巴西成年人口腔健康对日常工作表现的影响。来自巴西南部阿雷格里港公共工程和废物处理部门的276名35至44岁的公务员接受了采访并进行了临床检查。口腔对日常工作的影响（OIDP）用于评估口腔健康状况对日常工作的影响。在过去的六个月中，有73.6％的受试者每天至少有一次受口头影响的表现。影响最普遍的表现是进食（48.6％），而最常见的症状是不适（40.6％）和对外表的不满意（31.5％）。牙齿缺失（21.7％）和牙痛（20.7％）被认为是口腔影响日常工作的主要原因。 OIDP可用于（从身体，心理和社交方面）评估口腔对日常工作的影响。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Glutamate (GLU) and gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) are essential amino acids (AA) for brain function serving as excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter respectively. Their tablets are available in market for improving gut function and muscle performance. Despite of having a major role during memory formation and processing, effects of these tablets on brain functioning like learning and memory have not been investigated. Therefore, present study is aimed to investigate the effects of orally supplemented GLU and GABA on learning and memory performance and further to monitor related effects of these orally supplemented GLU and GABA on brain levels of these AA. Three groups of rats were supplemented orally with drinking water (control group) or suspension of tablets of GABA and Glutamate, respectively for four weeks. Cognitive performance was determined using behavioral tests (Novel object recognition test, Morris water maze, Passive avoidance test) measuring recognition, spatial reference and aversive memory. Levels of GLU, GABA and acetylcholine (ACh) were estimated in rat hippocampus. Results showed that chronic oral administration of GLU and GABA tablets has a significant impact on brain function and can alter GLU and GABA content in rat hippocampus. Compared to GABA, GLU supplementation specifically enhances memory performance via increasing ACh. Thus, GLU can be suggested as a useful supplement for improving learning and memory performance and neurochemical status of brain and in future could be effective in the treatment of neurological disorders affecting learning and memory performance.

背景与目标： ：谷氨酸（GLU）和γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）是大脑功能所必需的氨基酸（AA），分别充当兴奋性和抑制性神经递质。他们的片剂在市场上可用于改善肠道功能和肌肉性能。尽管在记忆形成和加工过程中起主要作用，但尚未研究这些片剂对大脑功能（如学习和记忆）的作用。因此，本研究旨在研究口服补充GLU和GABA对学习和记忆能力的影响，并进一步监测这些口服补充GLU和GABA对这些AA的脑水平的相关影响。向三组大鼠分别口服饮用水（对照组）或GABA和谷氨酸盐片剂的悬浮液，持续4周。使用行为测试（小说对象识别测试，莫里斯水迷宫，被动回避测试）来测量认知，空间参考和厌恶记忆，从而确定认知能力。估计大鼠海马中的GLU，GABA和乙酰胆碱（ACh）的水平。结果表明，长期口服GLU和GABA片剂对脑功能有显着影响，并且可以改变大鼠海马中GLU和GABA的含量。与GABA相比，GLU补充剂通过增加ACh来专门增强记忆力。因此，GLU可被建议作为改善学习和记忆性能以及大脑神经化学状态的有用补充剂，将来可能有效治疗影响学习和记忆性能的神经系统疾病。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a multifactorial malignant epithelial neoplasm. Tumor clearance at the surgical margins in OSCC is a critical factor which strongly influences both the local recurrence and overall survival rate. A quick and accurate intraoperative diagnostic procedure can make a significant difference to the survival rate. Touch imprint cytology (TIC) has commonly been used in the past for the diagnosis of tumors and the detection of sentinel lymph node metastasis. It is routinely applied for intraoperative margin analysis of breast lumpectomy specimens, where it has been proven to have a good success rate. The effectiveness and reliability of TIC in the intraoperative margin evaluation of OSCC, however, has not been established so far. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the intraoperative TIC technique for assessing surgical margins in OSCC in comparison to paraffin-embedded hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Thirty previously untreated, biopsy-proven OSCC patients undergoing surgical treatment between December 2008 and September 2010 were included. Patients diagnosed with histological variants of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or recurrent tumor were excluded. Three hundred forty-eight touch imprint slides were prepared from 174 margins of 30 resected tumor specimens. Imprints from tumor proper were taken as positive controls. The slides were reported as positive, negative or suspicious for tumor. After all cytological interpretation was completed, the results were compared with the corresponding histological diagnosis. RESULTS:This pioneer study showed that TIC has an overall accuracy of 83%, sensitivity of 91.1%, specificity of 74.4%, positive predictive value of 79.2% and a negative predictive value of 88.6%. The false-positive margins evaluated by TIC were 43 (12.3%) and the false-negative ones were 16 (4.6%). CONCLUSION:TIC is a quick, simple, inexpensive, highly accurate and reliable intraoperative technique to assess surgical margins in SCC of the oral cavity.

背景与目标： 背景：口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）是一种多因素恶性上皮性肿瘤。 OSCC手术边缘的肿瘤清除率是一个重要因素，它会严重影响局部复发和总体生存率。快速准确的术中诊断程序可以对生存率产生重大影响。过去，触摸印记细胞学（TIC）通常用于诊断肿瘤和检测前哨淋巴结转移。它通常用于乳腺肿块切除术标本的术中边缘分析，已被证明具有良好的成功率。迄今为止，TIC在OSCC术中切缘评估中的有效性和可靠性尚未建立。
目的：与石蜡包埋的苏木精和伊红染色的切片相比，探讨术中TIC技术评估OSCC手术切缘的诊断准确性。
材料与方法：纳入30例2008年12月至2010年9月间接受手术治疗且未经活检证实的OSCC患者。诊断为鳞状细胞癌（SCC）或复发性肿瘤的组织学变异的患者被排除在外。从30个切除的肿瘤标本的174个空白处制备了348个触摸式印记载玻片。来自肿瘤固有的印记被用作阳性对照。据报载玻片对肿瘤呈阳性，阴性或可疑。完成所有细胞学解释后，将结果与相应的组织学诊断结果进行比较。
结果：这项先驱研究表明，TIC的总体准确度为83％，敏感性为91.1％，特异性为74.4％，阳性预测值为79.2％，阴性预测值为88.6％。 TIC评估的假阳性利润率为43（12.3％），假阴性利润率为16（4.6％）。
结论：TIC是一种快速，简单，廉价，高度准确和可靠的术中技术，可用于评估口腔SCC的手术切缘。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: AIM:This study assessed whether the poor correlation between HbA1c and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for dysglycaemia diagnosis may be explained by haemoglobin glycation (HbG). METHODS:A total of 1033 consecutive overweight or obese patients with no known diabetes underwent OGTT and measurement of HbA1c to diagnose diabetes and dysglycaemia (American Diabetes Association criteria). For each OGTT result category, low, medium and high HbG was defined according to the mean HbA1c/fructosamine ratio and mean fructosamine. High HbG was defined as values greater than mean values in each OGTT category for both HbA1c/fructosamine ratio and fructosamine levels, and low HbG was defined as lower values of both. The remaining patients were considered medium HbG. RESULTS:Based on OGTT and HbA1c values, 267 (25.8%) and 443 (42.8%) patients had intermediate hyperglycaemia, and 66 (6.4%) and 95 (9.2%) patients had diabetes, respectively. The results were discordant for intermediate hyperglycaemia or diabetes diagnosis in 41.7% and for diabetes diagnosis in 10.0% of the patients. The proportion of patients with HbA1c≥6.5%, but without OGTT-diagnosed diabetes, was 0%, 3.8% and 32.8% in the low-HbG, medium-HbG and high-HbG groups, respectively. In contrast, the proportion of patients with HbA1c<5.7%, but with an abnormal OGTT, was 30.4%, 11.1% and 0%, respectively. The AUROC of HbA1c to detect OGTT-diagnosed diabetes was better in the medium-HbG group [0.874 (0.816-0.931)] than in those with low or high HbG [0.628 (0.489-0.768); P<0.01]. Only age was independently associated with high-HbG status [10-year OR: 1.3 (1.1-1.5); P<0.0001]. CONCLUSION:Haemoglobin glycation may explain many of the discordant results between HbA1c and OGTT when used for dysglycaemia diagnosis.

背景与目标： 目的：该研究评估了HbA1c与口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）诊断血糖异常之间的不良关联是否可以通过血红蛋白糖化（HbG）来解释。
方法：总共1033例不明糖尿病的连续超重或肥胖患者接受OGTT并测量HbA1c以诊断糖尿病和血糖异常（美国糖尿病协会标准）。对于每个OGTT结果类别，根据平均HbA1c /果糖胺比率和平均果糖胺定义低，中和高HbG。高HbG定义为HbA1c /果糖胺比率和果糖胺水平在每个OGTT类别中均大于平均值，而低HbG定义为两者均较低。其余患者被认为是中等HbG。
结果：基于OGTT和HbA1c值，分别有267（25.8％）和443（42.8％）患者患有中度高血糖症，分别有66（6.4％）和95（9.2％）患者患有糖尿病。结果与41.7％的中度高血糖或糖尿病诊断和10.0％的患者的糖尿病诊断不一致。低HbG，中HbG和高HbG组中HbA1c≥6.5％但无OGTT诊断的糖尿病的患者比例分别为0％，3.8％和32.8％。相反，HbA1c <5.7％但OGTT异常的患者比例分别为30.4％，11.1％和0％。在中等HbG组[0.874（0.816-0.931）]中，HbA1c的AUROC检测OGTT诊断的糖尿病要好于HbG较低或较高[0.628（0.489-0.768）]。 P ＜0.01]。只有年龄与高HbG状况独立相关[10年OR：1.3（1.1-1.5）； P <0.0001]。
结论：血红蛋白糖基化可解释HbA1c和OGTT在诊断血糖异常中的许多不一致结果。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Oral health literacy is a newly emerging field with considerable research potential. AIM:To validate an original instrument, the Hong Kong Oral Health Literacy Assessment Task (HKOHLAT-P) for paediatric dentistry. DESIGN:A convenient sample of 200 child/parent dyads attending a dental hospital in Hong Kong was selected. Convergent validity was tested by examining the association of HKOHLAT-P scores with those derived from the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Dentistry (TOFHLiD) and Hong Kong Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (HKREALD-30). The predictive validity of HKOHLAT-P was determined by testing the association between HKOHLAT-P and children's caries experience (dmft) and the Chinese Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS). The test-retest reliability and internal consistency of HKOHLAT-P were also evaluated. RESULTS:HKOHLAT-P was positively correlated with TOFHLiD and HKREALD-30 (P < 0.01), and was negatively correlated with children's dmft and ECOHIS. In the regression model, HKOHLAT-P was associated with TOFHLiD, HKEALD-30, children's dmft, and ECOHIS (P < 0.05) after controlling for participants' demographic characteristics. The intra-class correlation coefficient of HKOHLAT-P was 0.63 and the Cronbach's α was 0.71. CONCLUSION:Initial testing of HKOHLAT-P suggested that it is a valid and reliable instrument.

背景与目标： 背景：口腔健康素养是一个新兴的领域，具有巨大的研究潜力。
目的：为验证原始仪器，《儿童口腔医学香港口腔健康素养评估任务》（HKOHLAT-P）。
设计：我们选取了一个方便的样本，样本中有200名在香港牙科医院就读的儿童/父母双性恋。通过检查HKOHLAT-P得分与牙科功能健康素养测验（TOFHLiD）和香港牙科成人素养快速评估（HKREALD-30）的相关性，检验了聚合效度。 HKOHLAT-P的预测有效性是通过测试HKOHLAT-P与儿童龋齿经验（dmft）和中国儿童早期口腔健康影响量表（ECOHIS）之间的关联来确定的。还评估了HKOHLAT-P的重测可靠性和内部一致性。
结果：HKOHLAT-P与TOFHLiD和HKREALD-30呈正相关（P <0.01），与儿童dmft和ECOHIS呈负相关。在回归模型中，控制参与者的人口统计学特征后，将HKOHLAT-P与TOFHLiD，HKEALD-30，儿童dmft和ECOHIS相关（P <0.05）。 HKOHLAT-P的类内相关系数为0.63，Cronbach'sα为0.71。
结论：HKOHLAT-P的初步测试表明它是一种有效且可靠的仪器。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Coronary artery disease is an inflammatory disorder characterized by narrowing of coronary arteries due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. To date, the accumulated epidemiological evidence supports an association between oral bacterial diseases and coronary artery disease, but has failed to prove a causal link between the two. Due to the recent surge in microbial identification and analyses techniques, a number of bacteria have been independently found in atherosclerotic plaque samples from coronary artery disease patients. In this study, we present meta-analysis from published studies that have independently investigated the presence of bacteria within atherosclerotic plaque samples in coronary artery disease patients. Data were collated from 63 studies covering 1791 patients spread over a decade. Our analysis confirms the presence of 23 oral commensal bacteria, either individually or in co-existence, within atherosclerotic plaques in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, catheter-based atherectomy, or similar procedures. Of these 23 bacteria, 5 (Campylobacter rectus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens) are unique to coronary plaques, while the other 18 are additionally present in non-cardiac organs, and associate with over 30 non-cardiac disorders. We have cataloged the wide spectrum of proteins secreted by above atherosclerotic plaque-associated bacteria, and discuss their possible roles during microbial migration via the bloodstream. We also highlight the prevalence of specific poly-microbial communities within atherosclerotic plaques. This work provides a resource whose immediate implication is the necessity to systematically catalog landscapes of atherosclerotic plaque-associated oral commensal bacteria in human patient populations.

背景与目标： ：冠状动脉疾病是一种炎症性疾病，其特征在于由于动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成而使冠状动脉变窄。迄今为止，积累的流行病学证据支持口腔细菌性疾病和冠状动脉疾病之间的关联，但未能证明两者之间存在因果关系。由于最近微生物鉴​​定和分析技术的激增，已经在来自冠心病患者的动脉粥样硬化斑块样品中独立地发现了许多细菌。在这项研究中，我们提供了来自已发表研究的荟萃分析，这些研究独立研究了冠心病患者动脉粥样斑块样本中细菌的存在。收集了来自63个研究的数据，这些研究覆盖了十年来的1791名患者。我们的分析证实了接受颈动脉内膜切除术，基于导管的斑块切除术或类似手术的患者的动脉粥样硬化斑块中存在23种口腔共生细菌，无论是单独存在还是共存。在这23种细菌中，有5种（直肠弯曲杆菌，牙龈卟啉单胞菌，牙菌卟啉单胞菌，中间型普氏杆菌，nigrescens）是冠状动脉斑块所特有的，而其他18种细菌还存在于非心脏器官中，并与30多种非心脏疾病有关。我们已经对上述动脉粥样硬化斑块相关细菌分泌的各种蛋白质进行了分类，并讨论了它们在微生物通过血流迁移过程中的可能作用。我们还强调了动脉粥样硬化斑块内特定的多微生物群落的流行。这项工作提供了一种资源，其直接影响是有必要对人类患者人群中动脉粥样硬化斑块相关的口腔共生细菌的景观进行系统分类。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: CONCLUSION:Our findings show that copy number loss of FHIT is associated with lymph node metastasis (LNM) and suggest that the down-regulation of Fhit indicates poor prognosis in early oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to identify alterations in genetic markers related to LNM in early OSCC. METHODS:Genome-wide copy number alterations were analyzed in 14 early OSCCs with (n = 7) or without (n = 7) cervical LNM using 180K array-comparative genomic hybridization. To explore the prognostic implications of the most significantly associated genetic alteration with cervical LNM, immunohistochemical analysis was conducted in 30 OSCCs. RESULTS:A total of 11 recurrently altered regions (RARs) were identified in the 14 OSCC cases. Six RARs on chromosomes 3p26-3p14, 5q22, and 9p21 were found to be significantly more common in early OSCC with LNM (p < 0.05). Among these, loss of 3p14.2 (where the FHIT gene is located) was the most frequent (five of seven patients with LNM, and none of seven without LNM), and most significantly associated with cervical LNM (p = 0.005). Fhit immunohistochemical staining of 30 OSCCs showed that Fhit negativity was associated with cervical LNM (p = 0.032) and poor disease-specific survival (p = 0.045).

背景与目标： 结论：我们的研究结果表明，FHIT的拷贝数丢失与淋巴结转移（LNM）有关，并且表明Fhit的下调表明早期口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）的预后不良。
目的：本研究的目的是鉴定早期OSCC中与LNM相关的遗传标记的变化。
方法：采用180K阵列比较基因组杂交技术，分析了14例有（n = 7）有或无（n = 7）宫颈LNM的早期OSCC中全基因组拷贝数的变化。为了探讨与宫颈LNM最显着相关的遗传改变的预后意义，在30个OSCC中进行了免疫组织化学分析。
结果：在14例OSCC病例中共鉴定出11个反复改变的区域（RAR）。发现在LNM的早期OSCC中，染色体3p26-3p14、5q22和9p21上的六个RAR更为常见（p <0.05）。其中，3p14.2（FHIT基因所在的位置）的丢失最为频繁（7名LNM患者中有5名，而没有LNM的7名患者中没有一个），并且与宫颈LNM相关性最高（p = 0.005）。对30个OSCC进行Fhit免疫组织化学染色显示Fhit阴性与宫颈LNM（p = 0.032）和较差的疾病特异性存活率（p = 0.045）相关。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Moniliformin is a Fusarium mycotoxin highly prevalent in grains and grain-based products worldwide. In this study, the acute oral toxicity of moniliformin was assessed in Sprague-Dawley male rats according to OECD Guideline 423 with a single-dose exposure. Clinical observations and histopathological changes were recorded together with the excretion of moniliformin via urine and feces, utilizing a novel liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. According to our study, moniliformin is acutely toxic to rats with a rather narrow range of toxicity. Moniliformin can be classified into category 2 (LD(50) cut-off value 25 mg/kg b.w.), according to the Globally Harmonized System for the classification of chemicals. The clinical observations included muscular weakness, respiratory distress and heart muscle damage. Pathological findings confirmed that heart is the main target tissue of acute moniliformin toxicity. A significant proportion (about 38%) of the administered moniliformin was rapidly excreted in urine in less than 6 h. However, the toxicokinetics of the majority of the administered dose still requires clarification, as the total excretion was only close to 42%. Considering the worldwide occurrence of moniliformin together with its high acute toxicity, research into the subchronic toxicity is of vital importance to identify the possible risk in human/animal health.

背景与目标： ：Moniliformin是一种镰刀菌真菌毒素，在世界各地的谷物和谷物产品中高度流行。在这项研究中，根据OECD准则423（单剂量暴露）评估了Sprague-Dawley雄性大鼠中莫尼利福星的急性口服毒性。使用新型液相色谱-质谱法记录临床观察结果和组织病理学变化，以及通过尿液和粪便排泄莫尼西丁。根据我们的研究，莫尼利福星对大鼠具有急性毒性，毒性范围相当狭窄。根据全球化学品统一分类制度，莫尼西丁可分为2类（LD（50）临界值25 mg / kg b.w.）。临床观察包括肌肉无力，呼吸窘迫和心肌损伤。病理结果证实，心脏是急性莫尼莫丁毒性的主要靶组织。在不到6小时的时间内，很大一部分（约38％）施用的莫尼利福星会迅速从尿液中排泄出去。然而，由于总排泄仅接近42％，因此大部分给药剂量的毒物动力学仍需要澄清。考虑到莫尼可菌素在世界范围内的流行及其高度急性毒性，对亚慢性毒性的研究对于确定人类/动物健康的潜在风险至关重要。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Laboratory diagnosis of lupus anticoagulant (LA) is based on prolongation in at least one coagulation assay (diluted Russell's viper venom time - dRVVT or activated partial thromboplastin time - aPTT), which normalises after addition of phospholipids. Both assays may be influenced by anticoagulants and therefore LA should not be tested during warfarin or heparin treatment. It has been shown (primarily in vitro) that direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs - dabigatran [DAB], rivaroxaban [RIV] and apixaban [API]) may also influence LA testing. We tested the effects of DOACs on assays routinely used for the diagnosis of LA in patients treated with these drugs in a real-life setting. Plasma from patients with atrial fibrillation treated with DAB (n=30), RIV (n=20) and API (n=17) and not known to have LA were tested using dRVVT (LA-screen and LA-confirm, Life Diagnostics) and aPTT (PTT-LA, Diagnostica Stago and aPTT Actin FS, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics) assays. According to the diagnostics algorithm, dRVVT and aPTT ratios of <1.2 were considered negative, ratios of >1.4 positive, while if the ratios were 1.2-1.4 LA could not be ruled out. Plasma concentrations varied between 8-172 µg/l for DAB, 8-437 µg/l for RIV and 36-178 µg/l for API. LA diagnosis was negative in only eight (27 %) plasma samples from patients treated with DAB, and in five (25 %) and four samples (24 %) from patients treated with RIV and API, respectively. LA Positivity (dRVVT and aPTT ratios >1.4) was found in 5 cases (17 %) among patients treated with DAB, in 10 cases (50 %) treated with RIV and in 7 cases (41 %) treated with API. A concentration-dependent effect of DOACs on dRVVT-based parameters was observed, particularly as regards DAB. At lower concentrations, RIV and API had only minor effects on the confirmatory tests (below 100 µg/l and 70 µg/l, respectively). Our results suggest that a risk of overestimation of LA detection is present in samples from patients treated with DOACs. Therefore, LA testing should not be performed during treatment with DOACs. Prolongation in confirmatory assays may be helpful for the recognition of false positivity, especially as regards DAB.

背景与目标： ：狼疮抗凝剂（LA）的实验室诊断基于至少一种凝血测定法的延长（稀释的罗素毒蛇毒时间-dRVVT或活化的部分凝血活酶时间-aPTT），在添加磷脂后即可恢复正常。两种测定均可能受抗凝剂影响，因此在华法林或肝素治疗期间不应测试LA。已显示（主要在体外）直接口服抗凝剂（DOAC-达比加群[DAB]，利伐沙班[RIV]和阿哌沙班[API]）也可能影响LA测试。我们在现实生活中用这些药物治疗的患者，测试了DOACs对常规用于诊断LA的测定的影响。使用dRVVT对DAB（n = 30），RIV（n = 20）和API（n = 17）治疗的房颤患者的血浆进行了dRVVT测试（LA-screen和LA-confirm，Life Diagnostics）和aPTT（PTT-LA，Diagnostica Stago和aPTT Actin FS，Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics）测定。根据诊断算法，dRVVT和aPTT比率<1.2被视为阴性，比率> 1.4呈阳性，而如果比率为1.2-1.4，则不能排除LA。血浆浓度在DAB的8-172 µg / l，RIV的8-437 µg / l和API的36-178 µg / l之间变化。在接受DAB治疗的患者血浆样本中，只有8（27％）的LA诊断为阴性，而接受RIV和API治疗的患者分别为5（25％）和4（24 %%）的LA诊断为阴性。在接受DAB治疗的患者中，有5例（17％）的LA阳性率（dRVVT和aPTT比> 1.4），通过RIV治疗的10例（50 %%）和通过API治疗的7例（41 %%）被发现。观察到DOAC对基于dRVVT的参数具有浓度依赖性，尤其是在DAB方面。在较低的浓度下，RIV和API对确认性测试的影响很小（分别低于100 µg / l和70 µg / l）。我们的结果表明，来自接受DOAC治疗的患者的样本中存在高估LA检测的风险。因此，在用DOAC治疗期间不应进行LA测试。确认试验的延长可能有助于识别假阳性，尤其是对于DAB。