BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The remineralization of enamel caries can lead to distinct optical changes within a lesion. We hypothesized that the restoration of mineral volume would result in a measurable decrease in the depth-resolved reflectivity of polarized light from the lesion. To test this hypothesis, we measured optical changes in artificial caries undergoing remineralization as a function of depth, using Polarization-sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography (PS-OCT). Lesions were imaged non-destructively before and after exposure to a remineralization regimen. After imaging, microradiographs of histological thin sections indicated that the significant reflectivity reduction measured by PS-OCT accurately represented the increase in mineral content within a larger repaired surface zone. Mineral volume changes arising from remineralization can be measured on the basis of the optical reflectivity of the lesion.

背景与目标： ：釉质龋的再矿化可以导致病变内明显的光学变化。我们假设矿物质量的恢复将导致病灶偏振光的深度分辨反射率显着下降。为了验证这一假设，我们使用偏振敏感的光学相干断层扫描（PS-OCT）测量了经过深度再矿化的人工龋的光学变化。在接受再矿化方案之前和之后，对病变进行无损成像。成像后，对组织学薄切片进行显微射线照相，结果表明，通过PS-OCT测得的反射率显着降低，可以准确地表示较大的修复表面区域中矿物质含量的增加。由矿化引起的矿物质体积变化可以根据病变的光反射率进行测量。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Visual optics is taking on new clinical significance. Given that current refractive procedures can and do induce large amounts of higher order ocular aberration that often affects the patient's daily visual function and quality of life, we can no longer relegate the considerations of ocular aberrations to academic discussions. Instead, we need to move toward minimizing (not increasing) the eye's aberrations at the same time we are correcting the eye's spherical and cylindrical refractive error. These are exciting times in refractive surgery, which need to be tempered by the fact that after all the research, clinical, and marketing dust settles, the level to which we improve the quality of the retinal image will be guided by the trade-off between cost and the improvement in the quality of life that refractive surgery offers.

背景与目标： 视觉光学正具有新的临床意义。鉴于当前的屈光手术可以并且确实会诱发大量的高阶像差，这些像差通常会影响患者的日常视觉功能和生活质量，因此我们不再将对眼像差的考虑引入学术讨论中。相反，我们需要在最小化（而不是增加）眼睛像差的同时，还要校正眼睛的球面和柱面折射误差。在屈光手术中，这是激动人心的时刻，需要通过以下事实来缓和：在所有研究，临床和市场营销尘埃落定之后，我们在提高视网膜图像质量的水平上将取舍于两者之间的权衡取舍。费用和屈光手术所提供的生活质量改善。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :A new optical method is proposed to investigate the reflectance of structurally coloured objects, such as Morpho butterfly wing scales and cholesteric liquid crystals. Using a reflected-light microscope and a digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera, we have successfully measured the two-dimensional reflection pattern of individual wing scales of Morpho butterflies. We demonstrate that this method enables us to measure the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). The scattering image observed in the back focal plane of the objective is projected onto the camera sensor by inserting a Bertrand lens in the optical path of the microscope. With monochromatic light illumination, we quantify the angle-dependent reflectance spectra from the wing scales of Morpho rhetenor by retrieving the raw signal from the digital camera sensor. We also demonstrate that the polarization-dependent reflection of individual wing scales is readily observed using this method, using the individual wing scales of Morpho cypris. In an effort to show the generality of the method, we used a chiral nematic fluid to illustrate the angle-dependent reflectance as seen by this method.

背景与目标： ：提出了一种新的光学方法来研究结构上有色物体的反射率，例如Morpho蝴蝶翼鳞和胆甾型液晶。使用反射光显微镜和数字单镜反光（DSLR）相机，我们已经成功地测量了Morpho蝴蝶单个机翼尺度的二维反射图案。我们证明了这种方法使我们能够测量双向反射率分布函数（BRDF）。在物镜的后焦平面上观察到的散射图像通过在显微镜的光路中插入一个Bertrand透镜而投射到相机传感器上。利用单色光照明，我们通过从数码相机传感器中检索原始信号，从Morpho rhetenor的机翼尺度上量化了与角度相关的反射光谱。我们还证明，使用这种方法，使用蓝蝶的单个机翼鳞片，很容易观察到单个机翼鳞片的偏振依赖性反射。为了说明该方法的一般性，我们使用手性向列液来说明该方法所见的角度依赖性反射率。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: AIM:To report the patterns and sites of 18-FDG uptake in patients of presumed ocular tuberculosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The clinical and investigational findings of 11 patients were reviewed retrospectively. These included 6 males and 5 females with a mean age of 46.2 years. 21 eyes were included in the data analysis. Clinical presentations include 15 eyes with anterior uveitis, 2 eyes with retinal vasculitis, 2 eyes with panuveitis and 2 eyes with multifocal choroidopathy. RESULTS:Two distinct patterns of systemic uptake emerged. Pattern 1: No detectable systemic uptake (4 patients). Pattern 2: Detectable systemic uptake. a. Chest disease only (2 patients). b. Disseminated pattern, uptake seen at multiple sites (4 patients). c. Extrapulmonary only (1 patient). CONCLUSIONS:Ocular tuberculosis may often be part of a wider disseminated disease.

背景与目标： 目的：报告推测的眼结核患者摄取18-FDG的方式和部位。
材料与方法：回顾性分析11例患者的临床和研究结果。其中包括6名男性和5名女性，平均年龄为46.2岁。数据分析包括21只眼睛。临床表现包括前葡萄膜炎15眼，视网膜血管炎2眼，胰腺炎2眼和多灶性脉络膜病变2眼。
结果：出现了两种不同的全身吸收模式。模式1：未检测到全身吸收（4例患者）。模式2：可检测到的全身吸收。一种。仅胸部疾病（2例）。 b。分布模式，在多个部位可见吸收（4例）。 C。仅肺外（1例患者）。
结论：眼结核通常可能是更广泛传播的疾病的一部分。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The Z-Scan (ZS) technique in the thermal regime has been used to measure the nonlinear optical response of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The ZS technique is carried out in LDL from 40 patients with chronic periodontitis before and after three, six, and 12 months of periodontal treatment. Clinical parameters such as probing depths, bleeding on probing, total and differential white blood cells counts, lipid profiles, cytokine levels, and antibodies against oxidized LDL are also determined and compared over time. Before the treatment, the ZS experimental results reveal that the LDL particles of these patients are heavily modified. Only after 12 months of the periodontal treatment, the ZS results obtained reveal behavioral characteristics of healthy particles. This conclusion is also supported by complementary laboratorial analysis showing that the periodontal treatment induces systemic changes in several inflammatory markers.

背景与目标： ：在热状态下的Z扫描（ZS）技术已用于测量低密度脂蛋白（LDL）的非线性光学响应。 ZS技术是在40名患有慢性牙周炎的LDL患者中，在进行牙周治疗的三个月，六个月和十二个月之前和之后进行的。还确定并比较了诸如探查深度，探查出血，白细胞总数和差异白细胞计数，脂质分布，细胞因子水平以及抗氧化LDL抗体等临床参数。在治疗之前，ZS实验结果表明这些患者的LDL颗粒已被大量修饰。仅在牙周治疗12个月后，获得的ZS结果显示出健康颗粒的行为特征。该结论也得到补充实验室分析的支持，该分析表明牙周治疗可诱导多种炎症标志物的全身性变化。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:To measure the dimensions of aqueous outflow structures and to investigate associations with intraocular pressure (IOP) and ocular biometry parameters in an older British population. METHOD:Fifty-two participants from the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer-Norfolk eye study underwent imaging using the Heidelberg Spectralis optical coherence tomographer with an anterior segment module. Pseudophakic participants and those known or suspected to have glaucoma were excluded, leaving 46 participants for analysis. Schwalbe's line (SL), scleral spur (SS), Schlemm's canal (SC) diameter and the trabecular meshwork cross-sectional area (TM cross-sectional area (CSA)) were identified and traced using ImageJ software. IOP was measured using the Ocular Response Analyser. Ocular biometry was measured by partial coherence interferometry. RESULTS:The mean (SD) subject age was 65.7 years (5.6). The SL and SS were identifiable in all nasal and temporal scans. The mean SL-SS distance was 800 μm (104) nasally and 808 μm (102) temporally. Repeatability of SS-SL, SS-SC, SC and TM CSA was good to excellent, and reproducibility fair to good. Nasal SL-SS distance was inversely associated with anterior chamber depth (ACD) (p=0.007, -116 μm per mm ACD, R(2)=0.18). Multiple linear regression showed nasal TM CSA was significantly associated with age and IOP (age: p=0.025, 0.007 mm(2) per decade of age; IOP: p=0.029, -0.0012 mm(2) per mm Hg, R(2)=0.23). CONCLUSIONS:Aqueous outflow structures can be measured by optical coherence tomography, and their dimensions vary significantly with ocular biometric characteristics and IOP. Further investigation is required to determine associations between outflow structure sizes in different populations and pathologies, including ocular hypertension and glaucoma.

背景与目标： 目的：测量年龄较大的英国人群的房水流出结构的尺寸，并调查其与眼内压（IOP）和眼生物测定参数的关系。
方法：来自欧洲-诺福克癌症前瞻性研究的52名参与者使用了带有前段模块的Heidelberg Spectralis光学相干断层扫描仪进行了成像。假晶状体参与者以及已知或怀疑患有青光眼的参与者被排除在外，剩下46名参与者需要进行分析。使用ImageJ软件识别并追踪Schwalbe线（SL），巩膜骨刺（SS），Schlemm根管（SC）直径和小梁网截面积（TM截面积（CSA））。使用眼响应分析仪测量IOP。眼部生物测定法是通过部分相干干涉法测量的。
结果：受试者的平均年龄为65.7岁（5.6）。在所有鼻腔和颞叶扫描中都可以识别出SL和SS。 SL-SS的平均距离鼻侧为800μm（104），颞侧为808μm（102）。 SS-SL，SS-SC，SC和TM CSA的可重复性从优到优，而重现性则从优到优。鼻SL-SS距离与前房深度（ACD）成反比（p = 0.007，-116μm/ mm ACD，R（2）= 0.18）。多元线性回归分析显示，鼻腔TM CSA与年龄和眼压显着相关（年龄：p = 0.025，每十岁年龄组0.007 mm（2）； IOP：p = 0.029，-0.0012 mm（2）每毫米汞柱，R（2） ）= 0.23）。
结论：水流出结构可以通过光学相干断层扫描来测量，其尺寸随眼生物特征和眼压的变化而显着变化。需要进一步调查以确定不同人群和病理（包括高眼压和青光眼）的流出结构大小之间的关联。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ultrasound-mediated analyte diffusion on permeability of normal, benign, and cancerous human lung tissue in vitro and to find more effective sonophoretic (SP) delivery in combination with the optical clearing agents (OCAs) method to distinguish normal and diseased lung tissues. The permeability coefficients of SP in combination with OCAs diffusion in lung tissue were measured with Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT). 30% glucose and SP with a frequency of 1 MHz and an intensity of 0.80  W/cm2 over a 3 cm probe was simultaneously applied for 15 min. Experimental results show that the mean permeability coefficients of 30% glucose/SP were found to be (2.01±0.21)×10(-5)  cm/s from normal lung (NL) tissue, (2.75±0.28)×10(-5)  cm/s from lung benign granulomatosis (LBG) tissue, (4.53±0.49)×10(-5)  cm/s from lung adenocarcinoma tumor (LAT) tissue, and (5.81±0.62)×10(-5)  cm/s from lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) tissue, respectively. The permeability coefficients of 30% glucose/SP increase approximately 36.8%, 125.4%, and 189.1% for the LBG, LAT, and LSCC tissue compared with that for the NL tissue, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in permeability coefficients of 30% glucose/SP between LBG and NL tissue (p<0.05), between LAT and NL tissue (p<0.05), and between LSCC and NL tissue (p<0.05). The results suggest that the OCT functional imaging technique to combine an ultrasound-OCAs combination method could become a powerful tool in early diagnosis and monitoring of changed microstructure of pathologic human lung tissue.

背景与目标： ：这项研究的目的是评估超声介导的分析物扩散对正常，良性和癌性人肺组织的体外渗透性的影响，并与光学清除剂（OCA）结合发现更有效的超声导入（SP）方式）区分正常和患病肺组织的方法。用傅里叶域光学相干断层扫描（FD-OCT）测量SP的渗透系数以及OCA在肺组织中的扩散。同时在3 cm探针上施加30％的葡萄糖和SP，频率为1 MHz，强度为0.80 W / cm2，持续15分钟。实验结果表明，与正常肺组织相比，30％葡萄糖/ SP的平均渗透系数为（2.01±0.21）×10（-5）cm / s，（2.75±0.28）×10（-5）肺良性肉芽肿病（LBG）组织的cm / s，肺腺癌肿瘤（LAT）组织的（4.53±0.49）×10（-5）cm / s和（5.81±0.62）×10（-5）cm /分别来自肺鳞状细胞癌（LSCC）组织。与NL组织相比，LBG，LAT和LSCC组织的30％葡萄糖/ SP的渗透系数分别增加了约36.8％，125.4％和189.1％。 LBG和NL组织之间（p <0.05），LAT和NL组织之间（p <0.05）以及LSCC和NL组织之间（p <0.05）的30％葡萄糖/ SP的通透性系数在统计学上有显着差异。结果表明，OCT功能成像技术结合超声-OCAs组合方法可能成为早期诊断和监测病理性人肺组织微观结构变化的有力工具。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The molecular basis of nonlinear optical (NLO) chiral effects in the amide I region of type I collagen was investigated using sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy; chiral and achiral tensor elements were separated using different input/output beam polarization conditions. Spectra were obtained from native rat tail tendon (RTT) collagen and from cholesteric liquid crystal-like (LC) type I collagen films. Although RTT and LC collagen both possess long-range order, LC collagen lacks the complex hierarchical organization of RTT collagen. Their spectra were compared to assess the role of such organization in NLO chirality. No significant differences were observed between RTT and LC with respect to chiral or achiral spectra. These findings suggest that amide I NLO chiral effects in type I collagen assemblies arise predominantly from the chiral organization of amide chromophores within individual collagen molecules, rather than from supramolecular structures. The study suggests that sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy may be uniquely valuable in exploring fundamental aspects of chiral nonlinearity in complex macromolecular structures.

背景与目标： ：利用和频产生振动光谱研究了I型胶原的酰胺I区域中非线性光学（NLO）手性效应的分子基础；使用不同的输入/输出光束偏振条件将手性和非手性张量元素分开。光谱是从天然大鼠尾腱（RTT）胶原蛋白和胆甾型液晶样（LC）I型胶原膜中获得的。尽管RTT和LC胶原均具有远距离有序性，但LC胶原缺乏RTT胶原的复杂层次结构。比较它们的光谱以评估这种组织在NLO手性中的作用。在手性或非手性光谱方面，在RTT和LC之间未观察到显着差异。这些发现表明，在I型胶原蛋白组装物中的酰胺I NLO手性作用主要是由单个胶原分子内酰胺发色团的手性组织引起的，而不是由超分子结构引起的。研究表明，和频产生振动光谱法在探索复杂大分子结构中手性非线性的基本方面可能具有独特的价值。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: STUDY DESIGN:Lung volumes and thoracic anatomy were measured from low-dose computed tomography (CT) scans preoperatively and 2 years following thoracoscopic anterior spinal fusion (TASF) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to assess changes in lung volume after TASF surgical correction. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA:AIS patients are known to have decreased pulmonary function as a consequence of their spinal and ribcage deformity. Several studies have evaluated changes in pulmonary function clinically after scoliosis correction surgery showing varied results. To date, there have been no published studies using CT to evaluate lung volume changes following TASF. METHODS:Twenty-three female AIS patients with both pre- and 2 years postoperative low-dose CT scans were selected from an ethically approved, historical databank. Three-dimensional lung volumes were reconstructed to determine anatomical lung volumes. Right and left lung volumes, total lung volume, and right-to-left lung volume ratio were obtained as well as hemithoracic symmetry, to indicate the extent of thorax deformity. Cobb angle, rib hump, levels fused in surgery, and patient height were used for correlation analysis with the lung volume results. RESULTS:Left lung volume, total lung volume, and hemithoracic ratio all increased significantly 2 years after surgery. There was no significant change in right-to-left lung volume ratio (P = 0.36). Statistical regression found significant positive correlation between lung volume changes, reduction in Cobb angle, increase in height, and improvement in hemithoracic symmetry ratio. CONCLUSION:TASF resulted in a statistically significant increase in lung volume following surgery, as well as improvement in the symmetry of the thoracic architecture; however, the postoperative lung volumes remained in the lower 50th percentile relative to females without thoracic deformity. Furthermore, change in lung volume was significantly correlated with changes in Cobb angle, hemithoracic asymmetry, and increased patient height, which are important consequences of thoracic deformity correction surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:3.

背景与目标： 研究设计：在术前和胸腔镜前路脊柱融合术（TASF）治疗后的青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（AIS）进行低剂量计算机断层扫描（CT）扫描时，测量肺体积和胸腔解剖结构。
目的：本研究旨在评估TASF手术矫正后肺容量的变化。
背景数据摘要：已知由于脊柱和胸腔畸形，AIS患者的肺功能下降。多项研究评估了脊柱侧弯矫正手术后临床上肺功能的变化，结果各不相同。迄今为止，还没有发表使用CT评估TASF后肺容量变化的研究。
方法：从符合道德标准的历史数据库中选择了23例术前和术后2年均进行低剂量CT扫描的女性AIS患者。重建三维肺体积以确定解剖肺体积。获得左右肺体积，总肺体积和左右肺体积比以及半胸对称性，以指示胸廓畸形的程度。将Cobb角，肋骨隆起，手术中的融合水平以及患者身高用于与肺容量结果的相关性分析。
结果：术后2年，左肺容积，总肺容积和半胸腔比率均显着增加。左右肺容积比无明显变化（P = 0.36）。统计回归发现肺体积变化，Cobb角减小，身高增加和半胸对称性比率改善之间存在显着正相关。
结论：TASF导致手术后肺体积显着增加，并改善了胸腔结构的对称性。但是，相对于没有胸椎畸形的女性，术后肺活量仍处于较低的50％。此外，肺容量的变化与Cobb角的变化，半胸廓不对称以及患者身高的增加显着相关，这是胸畸形矫正手术的重要结果。
证据级别：3。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Using a topography-dependent tomographic scheme, the seismic velocity structure of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau, including the uplifted Longmenshan (LMS) orogenic belt, is accurately imaged in spite of the extreme topographic relief in the LMS region and thick sedimentary covers in the neighbouring Sichuan Basin. The obtained image shows a high-resolution upper crustal structure on a 500 km-long profile that is perpendicular to the LMS. The image clearly shows that the crystalline basement was uplifted within the LMS orogenic belt, and that the neighbouring Songpan-Ganzi Terrane was covered by a thick flysch belt, with evidence of near-surface thrust faults caused by convergence between Eastern Tibet and the Sichuan Basin. The indication that the lower crust beneath the LMS was folded and pushed upwards and the upper crust was removed by exhumation, supports the concept of a lower crustal channel flow beneath Eastern Tibet. The image also reveals that the destructive Wenchuan earthquake of year 2008 occurred in the upper crust, directly at the structural discontinuity between Eastern Tibet Plateau and the Sichuan Basin.

背景与目标： ：尽管地形复杂，地形复杂，沉积物覆盖层厚，但采用地形依赖的断层成像方案，仍可以准确地成像出包括隆起的龙门山造山带在内的青藏高原东部的地震速度结构。四川盆地。所获得的图像在垂直于LMS的500？km长的剖面上显示了高分辨率的上地壳结构。该图像清楚地表明，LMS造山带内的晶体基底隆起，并且相邻的松潘-甘孜地貌被厚厚的复理带覆盖，并显示了西藏东部和四川盆地之间的辐合引起的近地表逆冲断层。 。 LMS下方的下部地壳已被折叠并向上推，而尸体被掘出后被去除了，这表明了藏东地区下部地壳通道流动的概念。该图还显示，2008年汶川特大地震发生在上地壳上，直接发生在青藏高原东部与四川盆地之间的构造不连续处。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Early detection and staging of lung cancer is important in initiating rapid treatment and improving prognosis. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging have a high resolution and are able to reveal structural abnormalities, but still have problems differentiating benign from malignant lesions. Lesion size is used as a distinguishing parameter but definite diagnosis still relies on invasive procedures. Positron emission tomography (PET) is based on imaging of biochemical processes in vivo. PET is unique by disclosing metabolic differences between benign and malignant disease, e.g. glucose utilization. Here, the role of PET in diagnosis and (re)-staging of lung cancer as well as monitoring of therapy response will be reviewed.

背景与目标： 肺癌的早期发现和分期对于启动快速治疗和改善预后至关重要。计算机断层扫描（CT）和磁共振（MR）成像具有高分辨率，能够揭示结构异常，但仍然存在区分良性和恶性病变的问题。病变大小被用作区分参数，但明确的诊断仍依赖于侵入性手术。正电子发射断层扫描（PET）基于体内生物化学过程的成像。 PET通过揭示良性和恶性疾病之间的代谢差异（例如葡萄糖利用率。在此，将对PET在肺癌的诊断和（重新）分期以及监测治疗反应中的作用进行综述。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as conventional imaging modalities, are the preferred methodology for tumor, nodal and systemic metastasis (TNM) staging. However, all the noninvasive techniques in current use are not sufficiently able to identify primary tumors and even unable to define the extent of metastatic spread. In addition, relying exclusively on macromorphological characteristics to make a conclusion runs the risk of misdiagnosis due mainly to the intrinsic limitations of the imaging modalities themselves. Solely based on the macromorphological characteristics of cancer, one cannot give an appropriate assessment of the biological characteristics of tumors. Currently, positron emission tomography/computer tomography (PET/CT) are more and more widely available and their application with (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) in oncology has become one of the standard imaging modalities in diagnosing and staging of tumors, and monitoring the therapeutic efficacy in hepatic malignancies. Recently, investigators have measured glucose utilization in liver tumors using (18)F-FDG, PET and PET/CT in order to establish diagnosis of tumors, assess their biologic characteristics and predict therapeutic effects on hepatic malignancies. PET/CT with (18)F-FDG as a radiotracer may further enhance the hepatic malignancy diagnostic algorithm by accurate diagnosis, staging, restaging and evaluating its biological characteristics, which can benefit the patients suffering from hepatic metastases, hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma.

背景与目标： ：计算机断层扫描（CT）和磁共振成像（MRI）作为常规成像方式，是肿瘤，淋巴结转移和全身转移（TNM）分期的首选方法。然而，当前使用的所有非侵入性技术还不足以识别原发性肿瘤，甚至无法确定转移性扩散的程度。此外，仅依靠宏观形态学特征来得出结论还存在误诊的风险，这主要是由于成像方式本身的固有局限性所致。仅基于癌症的宏观形态学特征，就不能对肿瘤的生物学特征进行适当的评估。当前，正电子发射断层扫描/计算机断层扫描（PET / CT）越来越广泛，其与（18）F-氟脱氧葡萄糖（（18）F-FDG）在肿瘤学中的应用已成为诊断和诊断中的标准成像方式之一。分期，并监测肝恶性肿瘤的治疗效果。最近，研究人员使用（18）F-FDG，PET和PET / CT测量了肝脏肿瘤中的葡萄糖利用，以建立肿瘤的诊断，评估其生物学特性并预测对肝恶性肿瘤的治疗效果。以（18）F-FDG为放射性示踪剂的PET / CT可以通过准确诊断，分期，重新分期和评估其生物学特征来进一步增强肝恶性诊断算法，从而可以使患有肝转移，肝细胞癌和胆管癌的患者受益。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: INTRODUCTION:New diagnostic tools such as the retinal thickness analyzer (RTA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and topographic angiography (TAG) were introduced into clinical ophthalmology during the last years giving the examiner new insights into anatomical and functional aspects of macular disease. In this study, advantages and disadvantages of the new imaging methods have been evaluated in patients with serous (sPED) and fibrovascular pigment epithelial detachments (fPED) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS:TAG, using fluorescein angiography (FA), provides a three-dimensional profile of the fluorescein pattern based on the analysis of a set of 32 confocal images over a depth of 4 mm. RTA and OCT provide cross-sectional images of the neurosensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium-choriocapillary complex as well as retinal thickness data encoded in a false color map. We compared and evaluated these modalities in 15 patients with fPED and 15 patients with sPED secondary to AMD. RESULTS:In patients with classic fPED, TAG detected neovascular structures and delineated their configuration. In sPEDs, pooling of extravascular fluid was detected in a dome-shaped configuration. OCT provided detailed information on the neurosensory retina's structures but failed to detect the neovascular membrane in fPED. Mapping the retinal thickness, RTA and OCT both failed to detect the PED and showed typical algorithm error-based patterns. CONCLUSION:TAG OCT and RTA are useful imaging modalities in the evaluation of AMD cases. TAG visualizes the vascular configuration, dynamic perfusion, and leakage changes. OCT and RTA are able to complementarily document intra-, subretinal, and sub-RPE fluid accumulation secondary to CNV. However, OCT seems to be more efficient in imaging AMD-related pathologies than RTA, as this modality is often compromised by intra- or subretinal structural abnormalities. Nevertheless, all modalities may provide further valuable insight into AMD pathogenesis, enhance diagnostic quality, and improve the assessment of therapeutic effects.

背景与目标： 简介：最近几年，新的诊断工具，例如视网膜厚度分析仪（RTA），光学相干断层扫描（OCT）和地形血管造影（TAG）被引入临床眼科，为检查者提供了对黄斑疾病的解剖学和功能方面的新见解。在这项研究中，新的影像学方法的优缺点已经在患有年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）的浆液性（sPED）和纤维血管色素上皮脱离（fPED）的患者中进行了评估。
方法：TAG使用荧光素血管造影（FA），基于在4 mm深度上对一组32个共焦图像的分析，提供了荧光素图案的三维轮廓。 RTA和OCT提供了神经感觉视网膜和视网膜色素上皮-脉络膜毛细血管复合体的横截面图像，以及以伪彩色图编码的视网膜厚度数据。我们对15名fPED患者和15名sPED继发于AMD的患者进行了比较和评估。
结果：在经典fPED患者中，TAG检测出新血管结构并描绘出其构型。在sPED中，以圆顶形配置检测到了血管外积液。 OCT提供了有关神经感觉视网膜结构的详细信息，但未能检测到fPED中的新生血管膜。绘制视网膜厚度，RTA和OCT都无法检测到PED，并显示了典型的基于错误的算法模式。
结论：TAG OCT和RTA是评估AMD病例的有用影像学手段。 TAG可视化血管结构，动态灌注和渗漏变化。 OCT和RTA能够补充记录CNV继发的视网膜内，视网膜下和亚RPE液积聚。但是，OCT似乎比RTA更能有效地成像AMD相关的病变，因为这种方式通常会受到视网膜内或视网膜下结构异常的损害。尽管如此，所有方式都可能提供有关AMD发病机理的进一步有价值的见解，提高诊断质量，并改善对治疗效果的评估。