BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The presence of pyrethroids in both urban and agricultural sediments at levels lethal to invertebrates has been well documented. However, variations in bioavailability among sediments make accurate predictions of toxicity based on whole sediment concentrations difficult. A proposed solution to this problem is the use of bioavailability-based estimates, such as solid phase microextraction (SPME) fibers and Tenax beads. This study compared three methods to assess the bioavailability and ultimately toxicity of pyrethroid pesticides including field-deployed SPME fibers, laboratory-exposed SPME fibers, and a 24-h Tenax extraction. The objective of the current study was to compare the ability of these methods to quantify the bioavailable fraction of pyrethroids in contaminated field sediments that were toxic to benthic invertebrates. In general, Tenax proved a more sensitive method than SPME fibers and a correlation between Tenax extractable concentrations and mortality was observed.

背景与目标： ：已有大量文献证明，拟除虫菊酯在城市和农业沉积物中均以无脊椎动物致死的水平存在。然而，沉积物之间生物利用度的变化使得基于整个沉积物浓度的准确的毒性预测变得困难。解决此问题的一种建议方法是使用基于生物利用度的估算值，例如固相微萃取（SPME）纤维和Tenax珠。这项研究比较了三种评估拟除虫菊酯农药的生物利用度和最终毒性的方法，包括现场部署的SPME纤维，实验室暴露的SPME纤维和24小时Tenax提取。当前研究的目的是比较这些方法对拟对底栖无脊椎动物有毒的被污染田间沉积物中拟除虫菊酯的生物利用度进行定量的能力。通常，Tenax被证明比SPME纤维更灵敏，并且可以观察到Tenax可提取浓度与死亡率之间的相关性。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Currently, rolling resistance and wheelchair stability during manual wheelchair propulsion can be assessed from the loads applied on the front and rear wheels, which are determined in a static condition. However, a user's actions on the wheelchair would change these loads during locomotion, which should affect both the rolling resistance and wheelchair stability. The goal of this study was to verify these assumptions and assess how much the rolling resistance and wheelchair stability are affected by the user's actions during propulsion. For that purpose, a mechanical model was developed using measurements of an instrumented wheelchair equipped with several six-component dynamometers. Experiments were performed by three subjects propelling the instrumented wheelchair over flat ground. The results showed variations over wide ranges of the fore-aft distribution of the total load, rolling resistance, wheelchair stability, wheelchair velocity and mechanical power dissipated by the rolling resistance during the propulsion cycle. In addition, the time courses of all these variables differed with the subject. Finally, this study demonstrated the possibility of assessing intra-cycle values of both rolling resistance and wheelchair stability during manual wheelchair displacements in the field, which provides a technical step towards evaluating a wheelchair user in his daily environment.

背景与目标： ：目前，可以通过在静态条件下确定的前后轮负载来评估手动轮椅推进过程中的滚动阻力和轮椅稳定性。但是，使用者在轮椅上的动作会在运动过程中改变这些负荷，这将同时影响滚动阻力和轮椅稳定性。这项研究的目的是验证这些假设，并评估用户在推进过程中的动作对滚动阻力和轮椅稳定性的影响。为此，使用配备了数个六分量测功机的器械轮椅的测量结果建立了机械模型。由三名受试者将实验轮椅推到平坦的地面上进行了实验。结果表明，在推进周期中，总载荷的前后分布在很大范围内变化，滚动阻力，轮椅稳定性，轮椅速度和由滚动阻力消耗的机械功率。此外，所有这些变量的时间过程都与主题不同。最后，这项研究证明了在野外手动轮椅移动期间评估滚动阻力和轮椅稳定性的周期内值的可能性，这为评估轮椅使用者的日常环境提供了技术上的一步。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Septic arthritis of the hip can be caused via a hematogenous route, by penetration of periarticular infections, open hip trauma, injections or operations. Ultrasound, hip puncture and elevation of inflammatory parameters lead to the diagnosis. Differentiation of septic arthritis from gout and chondrocalcinosis may be difficult. Nevertheless, early revision of the hip has to be performed to avoid joint destruction. Open revision is the therapy of choice in the majority of cases.

背景与目标： ：髋部感染性关节炎可通过血行途径，穿透关节周围感染，开放性髋部创伤，注射或手术引起。超声，髋部穿刺和炎症参数升高可导致诊断。化脓性关节炎与痛风和软骨钙化病的鉴别可能很困难。尽管如此，必须尽早髋关节翻修以避免关节破坏。在大多数情况下，开放翻修是首选的治疗方法。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: We previously reported that the BARF1 (BamH1-A right frame 1) gene product from Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) may have oncogenic properties since injection into new-born rats of transfected cell lines resulted in the development of BARF1 expressing tumors, which were aggressive in the case of murine fibroblasts and transient in that of human B lymphocytes. As EBV has been associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and evidence of BARF1 transcription in this cancer was emerging from our biopsy analyses, we examined the effects of BARF1 transfection into primate primary epithelial cells. The expression of the BARF1 open reading frame in primary monkey kidney epithelial cells led us to the establishment of continuously dividing lines. The BARF1 transfectants showed the major characteristics of immortalized cellsmorphological change, short cell doubling time, ability to divide at low cell density and continuous growth over 50 passages. Injection of BARF1 transfectants into nude mice did not induce any tumor. Established subclones were shown to be epithelial cells expressing known keratins as well as the BARF1 coded mRNA and protein. This is the first report indicating that expression of the BARF1 gene product in primary epithelial cells may contribute to the establishment of cell lines.

背景与目标： 我们先前曾报道，爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒（EBV）的BARF1（BamH1-A右框架1）基因产物可能具有致癌特性，因为向新生大鼠转染的细胞系中注射导致表达BARF1的肿瘤的发展，鼠成纤维细胞具有侵袭性，人B淋巴细胞具有瞬时侵袭性。由于EBV与鼻咽癌（NPC）相关，并且从我们的活检分析中发现了该癌症中BARF1转录的证据，因此我们检查了BARF1转染到灵长类动物原代上皮细胞中的作用。 BARF1开放阅读框在原代猴肾上皮细胞中的表达使我们建立了连续分裂系。 BARF1转染子显示出永生化细胞形态变化，短细胞倍增时间，在低细胞密度下分裂的能力以及在50代以上连续生长的主要特征。向裸鼠中注射BARF1转染子不会诱导任何肿瘤。已建立的亚克隆显示为表达已知角蛋白以及BARF1编码的mRNA和蛋白质的上皮细胞。这是第一个报告，表明BARF1基因产物在原代上皮细胞中的表达可能有助于细胞系的建立。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Women have a relatively high risk of experiencing depressive episodes during the perimenopause. Indications for and acceptance of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are increasingly controversial, and serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants are an attractive potential treatment option for both the mood and somatic symptoms of perimenopause. METHODS:This study is an open-label, 8-week trial of escitalopram for perimenopausal depression and somatic symptoms associated with perimenopause. Twenty women received escitalopram and were serially assessed with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD, 30-item), the Greene Climacteric Scale (GCS), and the Clinical Global Impression (CGI). RESULTS:There were significant differences between pretest and posttest scores for each measure, as demonstrated in an intent-to-treat analysis: GCS (p < 0.0001), HAM-D30 (p < 0.0001), and CGI (p < 0.0001). Two subjects dropped out prior to the second visit because of drug side effects. In this study, benefits of treatment were observed in several domains of perimenopausal symptoms, including those representative of psychological, vasomotor, and somatic symptoms. The limitations of this study are small sample size and lack of placebo control. CONCLUSIONS:Larger, long-term, controlled trials of antidepressants are warranted for the treatment of perimenopausal depression and associated somatic symptoms.

背景与目标： 背景：妇女在围绝经期经历抑郁发作的风险相对较高。激素替代疗法（HRT）的适应症和接受方法引起越来越多的争议，5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂抗抑郁药对于围绝经期的情绪和躯体症状都是有吸引力的潜在治疗选择。
方法：本研究是一项艾司西酞普兰治疗围绝经期抑郁症和与围绝经期相关的躯体症状的开放性，为期8周的试验。二十名妇女接受艾司西酞普兰治疗，并用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD，30项），格林更年期量表（GCS）和临床总体印象（CGI）进行系列评估。
结果：每种方法的测试前和测试后得分之间存在显着差异，如意向分析所示：GCS（p <0.0001），HAM-D30（p <0.0001）和CGI（p <0.0001）。由于药物的副作用，两名受试者在第二次就诊之前退出了研究。在这项研究中，在围绝经期症状的多个领域中观察到了治疗的益处，包括那些代表心理，血管舒缩和躯体症状的领域。该研究的局限性在于样本量小和缺乏安慰剂对照。
结论：抗抑郁药用于围绝经期抑郁症和相关躯体症状的大型，长期，对照试验是必要的。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Most work sites engage in some form of health promotion programming designed to improve worker health and reduce health care costs. Although these programs have typically been delivered through combinations of seminars and print materials, workplace health promotion programs are increasingly being delivered through the Internet. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of a Web-based multimedia health promotion program for the workplace, designed to improve dietary practices, reduce stress, and increase physical activity. METHODS:Using a randomized controlled trial design with pretest-posttest comparisons within each group, 419 employees of a human resources company were randomly assigned to the Web-based condition or to a condition that provided print materials on the same topics. All subjects were assessed at pretest and posttest through an online questionnaire containing multiple measures of health behavior and attitudes. The test period was 3 months. Questionnaire data were analyzed mainly by analysis of covariance and t tests. RESULTS:Retention rates were good for both groups-85% for the Web-based group and 87% for the print group. Subjects using the Web-based program performed significantly better than the print group on Attitudes Toward a Healthful Diet (F(1,415) = 7.104, P = .008) and Dietary Stage of Change (F(1,408) = 6.487, P = .01), but there were no significant group differences on the five other dietary measures. Both groups also showed improvement from pretest to posttest on most dietary measures, as indicated by significant t tests. Within the Web-based group, dosage analyses showed significant effects of the number of times the subject accessed the program on measures of Dietary Self-Efficacy (F(2,203) = 5.270, P = .003), Attitudes Toward a Healthful Diet (F(2,204) = 2.585, P = .045), and Dietary Stage of Change (F(2,200) = 4.627, P = .005). No significant differences were found between the two groups on measures of stress or physical activity, although t tests of pretest-posttest changes indicated that both groups improved on several of these measures. The Web-based group gave significantly higher ratings to the program materials than the print group on all health topics and in their overall evaluation (F(1,410) = 9.808, P = .002). CONCLUSIONS:The Web-based program was more effective than print materials in producing improvements in the areas of diet and nutrition but was not more effective in reducing stress or increasing physical activity. The higher ratings given to the Web-based program suggest that workers preferred it to the print materials. Both groups showed numerous pretest-posttest improvements in all health topics, although such improvements might be attributable in part to a Hawthorne effect. Results suggest that a multimedia Web-based program can be a promising means of delivering health promotion material to the workforce, particularly in the area of diet and nutrition.

背景与目标： 背景：大多数工作场所都参与某种形式的健康促进计划，旨在改善工人的健康状况并降低医疗成本。尽管这些程序通常是通过研讨会和印刷材料的组合来交付的，但越来越多的工作场所健康促进程序是通过Internet交付的。
目的：本研究的目的是评估针对工作场所的基于Web的多媒体健康促进计划的有效性，该计划旨在改善饮食习惯，减轻压力并增加体育锻炼。
方法：使用随机对照试验设计，在每个组中进行前测后测比较，将419名人力资源公司的员工随机分配到基于Web的条件或提供相同主题印刷材料的条件。通过在线问卷对所有受试者进行测试前和测试后评估，该问卷包含健康行为和态度的多种测量。测试期为3个月。问卷数据主要通过协方差分析和t检验进行分析。
结果：两组的保留率均良好，基于Web的组为85％，而印刷组为87％。使用基于Web的程序的受试者的表现要明显优于印刷组的“健康饮食态度（F（1,415）= 7.104，P = .008）和饮食变化阶段（F（1,408）= 6.487，P = 0.01）”。 ），但其他五种饮食措施之间没有显着的群体差异。正如显着的t检验所示，两组在大多数饮食措施上均显示从测试前到测试后的改善。在基于网络的小组中，剂量分析显示受试者访问该计划的次数对饮食自我效能的测量具有显着影响（F（2,203）= 5.270，P = .003），对健康饮食的态度（F （2,204）= 2.585，P = .045）和饮食变化阶段（F（2,200）= 4.627，P = .005）。两组在压力或身体活动的测量方法上没有发现显着差异，尽管前测-后测变化的t检验表明，两组在其中一些测量方法上均有改善。在所有健康主题及其总体评估中，基于网络的小组对计划材料的评分均比印刷小组高得多（F（1,410）= 9.808，P = .002）。
结论：基于Web的程序在饮食和营养方面的改进比印刷材料更有效，但在减轻压力或增加体育锻炼方面却没有更有效。基于Web的程序获得的较高评级表明，工人更喜欢它而不是印刷材料。两组在所有健康主题上均表现出无数的测试前-测试后改善，尽管这种改善可能部分归因于霍桑效应。结果表明，基于多媒体Web的程序可能是向员工提供健康促进材料的一种有前途的手段，特别是在饮食和营养领域。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The aim of our study was to determine, using histological and stereological methods, whether photoperiodism has any impact on the effects that chronic (three-month long) exposure to LF-EMF (50Hz) has on morphological characteristics on rat's pineal gland. The experiment was performed on 48 Mill Hill male rats (24 experimental and 24 control). Upon birth, 24 rats were exposed for 7h a day, 5 days a week for 3 months to LF-EMF (50 Hz, 50-500microT, 10V/m). In the winter (short days, long nights), the activity of the pineal gland and neuroendocrine sensitivity is increased. The study was performed both during summer and winter, following the identical protocol. After sacrifice of animals, samples of pineal gland were processed for HE staining and then were analyzed using the methods of stereology. The most significant changes in epiphysis in the first group of animals in wintertime are: altered glandular feature, hyperemia, reduced pinealocytes with pale pink, poor cytoplasm and irregular, stick-form nuclei. In the second group (II) pinealocytes are enlarged, with vacuolated cytoplasm and hyper chromatic, enlarged nucleus. Morphological changes of pineal gland at rats in the summertime were not as intense as in the winter and finding of the gland in the group II is compatible with those from the control group. Stereological results show both in winter and summer in the first group the decrease of volume density of pinealocytes, their cytoplasm and nuclei and in the second group in winter increase the volume density of pinealocytes, cytoplasm and nuclei, while in the second group the results in summertime are equal to those from the control group. Photoperiodism is modifier of effect of LF-EMF on morphological structure of pineal gland, because the gland recovery is incomplete in winter and reversible in summer.

背景与目标： ：我们的研究目的是使用组织学和立体学方法确定光周期是否对长期（三个月以上）长期暴露于LF-EMF（50Hz）的大鼠松果体形态特征有影响。实验在48只Mill Hill雄性大鼠上进行（24只实验动物和24只对照组）。出生后，将24只大鼠每天，每周5天，每天7h，3个月暴露于LF-EMF（50 Hz，50-500microT，10V / m）。在冬季（短日，长夜），松果体的活动和神经内分泌敏感性增加。按照相同的方案，在夏季和冬季均进行了该研究。处死动物后，对松果体样品进行HE染色处理，然后使用立体学方法进行分析。冬季，第一组动物的骨physi最明显的变化是：腺体特征改变，充血，松果体细胞减少，呈浅粉红色，胞质差，核形不规则，呈棒状。在第二组（II）中，松果体细胞增大，具有空泡的细胞质和高色度，扩大的核。夏季，大鼠松果体的形态学变化不像冬季那样强烈，并且在第二组中发现的腺体与对照组的相符。立体学结果表明，第一组在冬季和夏季均降低了松果体细胞，其胞质和细胞核的体积密度，第二组在冬季中均升高了松果体细胞，细胞质和细胞核的体积密度，而第二组的结果则是夏季的时间与对照组的时间相同。光周期是LF-EMF对松果体形态结构影响的调节剂，因为冬季腺体恢复不完全，夏天可逆。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Percutaneous tracheostomy was initiated as an alternative to open tracheostomy at our institution in December 1993. To assess safety, operative time, and cost, a comparative analysis of percutaneous and open tracheostomies was performed. A retrospective evaluation of all patients who underwent percutaneous tracheostomy (P) from December 1993 to March 1996 was completed. Patients were evaluated for indications for tracheostomy, length of operation, morbidity, and cost. The results were compared with patients who underwent open tracheostomy (O) during the 12 months prior to introduction of the percutaneous technique. Tracheostomy was performed percutaneously in 74 patients and by a standard open technique in 109 patients. Indications for tracheostomy includedchronic ventilator dependence (P, 49 vs O, 58); airway protection (P, 19 vs O, 42); laryngeal dysfunction (P, 2 vs O, 7); and facial trauma (P 6 vs O, 2). The length of operation was 21 +/- 6 minutes and 46 +/- 21 minutes for percutaneous and open tracheostomy, respectively (P < 0.05). Perioperative morbidity occurred in 2 patients (3%) following percutaneous tracheostomy compared to 10 patients (9%) following open tracheostomy (P > 0.05). The mean operating room costs per patient were $1093 and $1370 for percutaneous and open tracheostomy, respectively. Percutaneous tracheostomy is a safe procedure that can be performed in less time and at a lower cost than standard open tracheostomy.

背景与目标： 我们的机构于1993年12月开始采用经皮气管切开术代替开放式气管切开术。为评估安全性，手术时间和成本，对经皮和开放式气管切开术进行了比较分析。回顾性评估了所有从1993年12月至1996年3月行经皮气管切开术（P）的患者的情况。对患者进行气管切开术，手术时间，发病率和费用的指征进行评估。将结果与在引入经皮技术之前的12个月内接受开放气管切开术（O）的患者进行比较。 74例患者经皮气管切开术，109例患者采用标准开放技术进行气管切开术。气管切开术的适应症包括慢性呼吸机依赖性（P，49 vs O，58）；气道保护（P，19 vs O，42）;喉功能不全（P，2 vs O，7）;和面部创伤（P 6 vs O，2）。对于经皮气管切开术和开放式气管切开术，手术时间分别为21/6分钟和46-21分钟（P <0.05）。经皮气管切开术后2例（3％）发生围手术期发病，相比之下，开放气管切开术后10例（9％）发生围手术期发病（P> 0.05）。经皮和气管切开术每位患者的平均手术室费用分别为$ 1093和$ 1370。经皮气管切开术是一种安全的方法，与标准的开放式气管切开术相比，可在更短的时间内完成，且成本更低。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: This paper reports on the application of an artificial neural network to the clinical analysis of ophthalmological data. In particular a 2-dimensional Kohonen self-organising feature map (SOM) is used to analyse visual field data from glaucoma patients. Importantly, the paper addresses the problem of how the SOM can be utilised to accommodate the noise within the data. This is a particularly important problem within longitudinal assessment, where detecting significant change is the crux of the problem in clinical diagnosis. Data from 737 glaucomatous visual field records (Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer, program 24-2) are used to train a SOM with 25 nodes organised on a square grid. The SOM clusters the data organising the output map such that fields with early and advanced loss are at extreme positions, with a continuum of change in place and extent of loss represented by the intervening nodes. For each SOM node 100 variants, generated by a computer simulation modelling the variability that might be expected in a glaucomatous eye, are also classified by the network to establish the extent of noise upon classification. Field change is then measured with respect to classification of a subsequent field, outside the area defined by the original field and its variants. The significant contribution of this paper is that the spatial analysis of the field data, which is provided by the SOM, has been augmented with noise analysis enhancing the visual representation of longitudinal data and enabling quantification of significant class change.

背景与目标： 本文报道了人工神经网络在眼科数据临床分析中的应用。特别是，二维Kohonen自组织特征图（SOM）用于分析来自青光眼患者的视野数据。重要的是，本文解决了如何利用SOM来容纳数据中的噪声的问题。这在纵向评估中是一个特别重要的问题，在纵向评估中，检测到重大变化是临床诊断中问题的症结所在。来自737青光眼视野记录（汉弗莱视野分析仪，程序24-2）的数据用于训练SOM，并在一个正方形网格上组织25个节点。 SOM对组织输出图的数据进行聚类，以使具有早期和晚期损失的字段处于极端位置，并且中间节点代表的损失位置和程度的连续变化。对于每个SOM节点100，通过计算机模拟生成的变量也可以通过网络进行分类，以建立分类后的噪声范围，这些变量是在青光眼中可能预期的可变性建模而成的。然后根据原始字段及其变体定义的区域之外的后续字段的分类，测量字段变化。本文的重要贡献在于，由SOM提供的现场数据的空间分析已通过噪声分析得到了增强，从而增强了纵向数据的可视化表示并能够量化重大的类别变化。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Canine distemper virus (CDV) is the cause of a severe and highly contagious disease in dogs. Practical diagnosis of canine distemper based on clinical signs and laboratory tests are required to confirm CDV infection. The present study aimed to develop a molecular assay to detect and differentiate field and vaccine CDV strains. Reverse transcription followed by nested real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-nqPCR) was developed, which exhibited analytical specificity (all the samples from healthy dogs and other canine infectious agents were not incorrectly detected) and sensitivity (all replicates of a vaccine strain were positive up to the 3125-fold dilution - 10(0.7) TCID50). RT-nqPCR was validated for CDV detection on different clinical samples (blood, urine, rectal and conjunctival swabs) of 103 animals suspected to have distemper. A total of 53 animals were found to be positive based on RT-nqPCR in at least one clinical sample. Blood resulted in more positive samples (50 out of 53, 94.3%), followed by urine (44/53, 83.0%), rectal (38/53, 71%) and conjunctival (27/53, 50.9%) swabs. A commercial immunochromatography (IC) assay had detected CDV in only 30 conjunctival samples of these positive dogs. Nucleoprotein (NC) gene sequencing of 25 samples demonstrated that 23 of them were closer to other Brazilian field strains and the remaining two to vaccine strains. A single nucleotide sequences difference, which creates an Msp I restriction enzyme digestion, was used to differentiate between field and vaccine CDV strains by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. The complete assay was more sensitive than was IC for the detection of CDV. Blood was the more frequently positive specimen and the addition of a restriction enzyme step allowed the differentiation of vaccine and Brazilian field strains.

背景与目标： ：犬瘟热病毒（CDV）是导致犬种严重和高度传染性疾病的原因。需要根据临床体征和实验室检查对犬瘟热进行实际诊断，以确认CDV感染。本研究旨在开发一种分子检测方法，以检测和区分野外和疫苗的CDV毒株。开发了逆转录，随后进行了巢式实时聚合酶链反应（RT-nqPCR），该方法具有分析特异性（未正确检测出健康犬和其他犬类传染病菌的所有样品）和灵敏度（疫苗株的所有重复均为阳性）稀释至3125倍-10（0.7）TCID50）。验证RT-nqPCR可在103例怀疑患有脾热的动物的不同临床样品（血液，尿液，直肠和结膜拭子）上进行CDV检测。基于RT-nqPCR，在至少一个临床样品中发现总共53只动物是阳性的。血液产生更多阳性样本（53个中有50个，占94.3％），其次是尿液（44 / 53，83.0％），直肠（38 / 53，71％）和结膜（27 / 53，50.9％）拭子。商业免疫色谱法（IC）分析仅在这些阳性犬的30个结膜样本中检测到CDV。对25个样品进行的核蛋白（NC）基因测序表明，其中23个更接近其他巴西田间菌株，其余两个接近疫苗菌株。通过限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）分析，使用产生Msp I限制性酶消化的单核苷酸序列差异来区分田间和疫苗CDV菌株。完整的检测方法比IC检测CDV更为灵敏。血液是更常见的阳性标本，加上限制性内切酶步骤可以区分疫苗和巴西田间菌株。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer-associated deaths worldwide. Recently, oral administration of resveratrol (trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) has been reported to significantly reduce tumor proliferation in colorectal cancer patients, however, with little specific information on functional connections. The pathogenesis and development of colorectal cancer is a multistep process that can be categorized using three phenotypic pathways, respectively, chromosome instability (CIN), microsatellite instability (MSI), and CpG island methylator (CIMP). Targets of resveratrol, including a high-affinity binding protein, quinone reductase 2 (QR2), have been identified with little information on disease association. We hypothesize that the relationship between resveratrol and different CRC etiologies might be gleaned using publicly available databases. A web-based microarray gene expression data-mining platform, Oncomine, was selected and used to determine whether QR2 may serve as a mechanistic and functional biotarget within the various CRC etiologies. We found that QR2 messenger RNA (mRNA) is overexpressed in CRC characterized by CIN, particularly in cells showing a positive KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) mutation, as well as by the MSI but not the CIMP phenotype. Mining of Oncomine revealed an excellent correlation between QR2 mRNA expression and certain CRC etiologies. Two resveratrol-associated genes, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and TP53, found in CRC were further mined, using cBio portal and Colorectal Cancer Atlas which predicted a mechanistic link to exist between resveratrol→QR2/TP53→CIN. Multiple web-based data mining can provide valuable insights which may lead to hypotheses serving to guide clinical trials and design of therapies for enhanced disease prognosis and patient survival. This approach resembles a BioGPS, a capability for mining web-based databases that can elucidate the potential links between compounds to provide correlations of these interactions with specific diseases.

背景与目标： 大肠癌（CRC）是全球范围内与癌症相关的死亡的主要原因。近来，已报道口服白藜芦醇（反式3,5,4'-三羟基lb）可显着减少结直肠癌患者的肿瘤增殖，但是关于功能连接的具体信息很少。大肠癌的发病机理和发展是一个多步骤过程，可以使用三种表型途径进行分类，分别是染色体不稳定性（CIN），微卫星不稳定性（MSI）和CpG岛甲基化剂（CIMP）。白藜芦醇的目标，包括高亲和力的结合蛋白，醌还原酶2（QR2），已被确定与疾病相关的信息很少。我们假设白藜芦醇和不同的CRC病因之间的关系可以使用可公开获得的数据库进行收集。选择了基于Web的微阵列基因表达数据挖掘平台Oncomine，并将其用于确定QR2是否可在各种CRC病因学中充当机制和功能性生物靶标。我们发现QR2信使RNA（mRNA）在以CIN为特征的CRC中过表达，特别是在显示正KRAS（Kirsten大鼠肉瘤病毒癌基因同源物）突变以及MSI而非CIMP表型的细胞中。 Oncomine的挖掘显示QR2 mRNA表达与某些CRC病因之间有极好的相关性。利用cBio门户网站和结肠直肠癌图谱进一步预测了CRC中发现的两个与白藜芦醇相关的基因，腺瘤性息肉病大肠杆菌（APC）和TP53，它们预测了白藜芦醇→QR2 / TP53→CIN之间存在机械联系。多个基于Web的数据挖掘可以提供有价值的见解，这些见解可能会导致假说，以指导临床试验和治疗设计，以增强疾病的预后和患者的生存率。这种方法类似于BioGPS，它是一种用于挖掘基于Web的数据库的功能，该功能可以阐明化合物之间的潜在联系，以提供这些相互作用与特定疾病的相关性。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:As with studies of other dopamine agonists, previously reported studies of ropinirole in restless legs syndrome (RLS) recruited patients with baseline International Restless Legs Scale (IRLS) total scores ≥ 15. The reported pooled analyses of clinical trials data suggest benefits of ropinirole in patients with IRLS total scores ≥ 24, but the effects of ropinirole have not been prospectively evaluated in this patient population. OBJECTIVE:The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of ropinirole in patients with RLS and baseline IRLS total scores ≥ 24. This study was conducted in part to fulfill a postlicensing commitment between the maker of ropinirole and the European Union's Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use. METHODS:The protocol for this study comprised a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, 26-week phase during which adults with baseline IRLS total scores ≥ 24 received a ropinirole dose from 0.25 to 4 mg (n = 197) or placebo (n = 207) followed by a 40-week, open-label phase during which all patients (n = 269) received ropinirole. The primary efficacy end point was the change from baseline in the IRLS total score at week 12. Tolerability measures included the incidence of adverse events, augmentation, and early morning rebound. Due to the possibility of a treatment-by-center group interaction (P = 0.04) in the IRLS analysis, further efficacy exploratory analyses were performed to assess the impact of the interaction on the overall assessment of efficacy. RESULTS:Demographic characteristics were comparable between groups (mean [SD] age: placebo, 56.1 [11.38] years; ropinirole, 56.5 [11.92] years; 63% female in both groups). All of the patients in the ropinirole group were white; 99% of the placebo group was white. Ropinirole was significantly better than placebo for change from baseline in the IRLS total score during both short- and long-term treatment, with mean treatment differences of -2.1 (P = 0.039) and -2.5 (P = 0.023) for weeks 12 and 26, respectively. A statistically significant treatment by center group interaction was observed (P = 0.040) for the change from baseline in IRLS total score, indicating variation of treatment effects among center groups; however, all center groups showed an improvement from baseline at both week 12 and week 26 for the ropinirole immediate-release group and the placebo group. The incidences of augmentation and early morning rebound were ≤ 4% for ropinirole. The adverse event profile of ropinirole was consistent with that reported in previous clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS:In this subset of patients with RLS and a baseline IRLS total score ≥ 24, ropinirole was effective and well tolerated compared with placebo. The incidence of augmentation and early morning rebound in this study was low.

背景与目标： 背景：与其他多巴胺受体激动剂的研究一样，先前报道的罗匹尼洛在国际躁动腿综合征基线总得分≥15的不安腿综合征（RLS）中的研究报道。临床试验数据的汇总分析表明罗匹尼罗的益处IRLS总评分≥24的患者中，尚未对该患者人群前瞻性评估罗匹尼罗的作用。
目的：本研究的目的是评估罗匹尼罗在RLS和基线IRLS总分≥24的患者中的疗效和耐受性。该研究的部分目的是为了履行罗匹尼罗制造商与欧盟委员会之间的后许可承诺。人用药品。
方法：这项研究的方案包括一个随机，双盲，安慰剂对照，平行组，为期26周的阶段，在该阶段中，基线IRLS总得分≥24的成年人接受0.25至4毫克的罗匹尼罗剂量（n = 197） ）或安慰剂（n = 207），然后进行为期40周的开放标签治疗阶段，在此期间，所有患者（n = 269）均接受罗匹尼罗治疗。主要功效终点是在第12周时IRLS总评分相对于基线的变化。耐受性指标包括不良事件，增强和清晨反弹的发生率。由于在IRLS分析中可能存在按中心治疗的小组互动（P = 0.04），因此进行了进一步的功效探索性分析，以评估相互作用对整体功效评估的影响。
结果：各组的人口统计学特征相当（平均[SD]年龄：安慰剂，56.1 [11.38]岁；罗匹尼罗，56.5 [11.92]岁；两组中女性占63％）。罗匹尼罗组的所有患者均为白人。安慰剂组中99％是白色的。在短期和长期治疗期间，IRPINs总评分相对于基线的变化，罗匹尼罗明显优于安慰剂，第12周和第26周的平均治疗差异为-2.1（P = 0.039）和-2.5（P = 0.023）。 ， 分别。通过中心组交互作用观察到统计学上显着的治疗（P = 0.040），IRLS总分相对于基线的变化，表明中心组之间的治疗效果存在差异。然而，罗匹尼罗速释组和安慰剂组的所有中心组在第12周和第26周均显示出相对于基线的改善。罗匹尼罗的增强和清晨反弹的发生率≤4％。罗匹尼罗的不良事件特征与先前临床试验中报道的一致。
结论：在RLS和基线IRLS总得分≥24的这一亚组患者中，罗匹尼罗与安慰剂相比有效且耐受性良好。在这项研究中增强和清晨反弹的发生率很低。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of scleral buckling surgery on the treatment of hypotony caused by choroidal holes and suprachoroidal silicone oil (SO) migration following surgical procedures for open globe injuries. DESIGN:Retrospective, consecutive, interventional case series. PARTICIPANTS:Ten eyes of 10 patients with hypotony caused by choroidal holes with suprachoroidal SO migration and choroidal detachment after vitrectomy for open globe injuries between October 2009 and December 2010. METHODS:All cases clinically diagnosed as hypotony caused by choroidal holes with suprachoroidal SO migration and choroidal detachment were identified. Those eyes with retinal detachment, ciliary body damage, ciliary body fibrosis, or cyclodialysis cleft were excluded. Scleral buckling with or without suprachoroidal SO drainage was performed. RESULTS:The mean preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) was 6.7 ± 1.4 mm Hg (5.3-9.0 mm Hg). The mean final follow-up IOP was 12.2 ± 4.7 mm Hg (7.0-21.0 mm Hg; p = 0.005). In 7 eyes, the IOP increased to ≥10 mm Hg, whereas 3 eyes showed no significant IOP elevations. The choroidal hole was closed, and the range of choroidal detachment was significantly reduced in those 7 eyes. Although the choroidal hole was not fully closed in 3 eyes, the choroidal detachment area was less extensive, and the IOP was stable at approximately 7 mm Hg. CONCLUSION:Scleral buckling surgery combined with suprachoroidal SO drainage is an effective way to manage hypotony caused by choroidal holes and suprachoroidal SO migration in a SO-filled eye after vitrectomy for open globe injuries.

背景与目标： 目的：评价巩膜屈曲手术对球囊切开术和球囊上空硅油（SO）迁移引起的眼球开放性球囊损伤所致肌张力低下的影响。
设计：回顾性，连续性，介入性病例系列。
参加者：2009年10月至2010年12月间因玻璃体切除术后因脉络膜上膜超氧化物歧化酶迁移和脉络膜脱离而引起的10例由脉络膜孔引起的低眼压患者的10眼。
方法：所有临床诊断为脉络膜小孔，脉络膜上膜超音速移行和脉络膜脱离的患者均被视为低渗性病例。排除那些具有视网膜脱离，睫状体损伤，睫状体纤维化或环透析裂隙的眼睛。在有或没有脉络膜上SO引流的情况下进行巩膜屈曲。
结果：术前平均眼压（IOP）为6.7±1.4毫米汞柱（5.3-9.0毫米汞柱）。最终的平均随访IOP为12.2±4.7 mm Hg（7.0-21.0 mm Hg; p = 0.005）。在7眼中，IOP升高至≥10 mm Hg，而3眼则未显示出明显的IOP升高。脉络膜孔被关闭，在这7只眼中脉络膜脱离的范围明显减小。尽管在3只眼中脉络膜孔未完全闭合，但脉络膜脱离区域的范围较小，并且IOP在大约7 mm Hg时稳定。
结论：巩膜屈曲手术联合脉络膜上膜舒张引流术是一种有效的方法，可解决玻璃体切除术后开放性眼球切开术后充盈眼中脉络膜孔和脉络膜上膜SO迁移引起的肌张力低下。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Five compounds known to be pheromone components of longhorned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in the subfamily Cerambycinae were field-tested as attractants and possible pheromones for the cerambycid fauna of Hungary. Nine cerambycid species were caught in baited traps. Large numbers of both sexes of the cerambycine species Molorchus umbellatarum Schreb. were caught in traps baited with (2R*,3S*)-octanediol, while the diastereomeric (2R*,3R*)-octanediol was to some extent attractive as well. This is the first report on an aggregation attractant and a likely pheromone for a species in the cerambycine tribe Molorchini. The results of our study support the hypothesis that the diol/hydroxyketone pheromone motif is characteristic of and highly conserved within the subfamily Cerambycinae. Intraspecific chemical communication is summarized for the subfamily Cerambycinae, and possible links between taxonomy, insect behaviour, and pheromone structures are described.

背景与目标： ：对五个​​已知为长角甲虫科中长角甲虫（鞘翅目：天蛾科）的信息素成分的化合物进行了田间试验，作为匈牙利的陶瓷动物的引诱剂和可能的信息素。在诱饵诱捕器中捕获了9种陶器种。 cerambycine物种Molorchus umbellatarum Schreb的许多性别。在（2R *，3S *）-辛二醇诱饵中捕获了诱捕剂，而（2R *，3R *）-辛二醇的非对映异构体在某种程度上也很有吸引力。这是关于cerambycine部落Molorchini中某个物种的聚集引诱剂和可能的信息素的首次报道。我们的研究结果支持以下假设：二醇/羟基酮信息素基序是Cerambycinae亚科的特征，并且在其内部高度保守。概述了唇形科亚科的种内化学通讯，并描述了分类学，昆虫行为和信息素结构之间的可能联系。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of tandospirone, a 5-HT1A partial agonist, for treatment of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Thirteen outpatients with DSM-IV diagnosis of Alzheimer's type or vascular dementia were enrolled in this study. Their BPSD and cognitive functions were evaluated with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and Mini-Mental State Examination, respectively, for an 8-wk period of treatment. The maximum benefit of tandospirone was achieved at a mean dose of 19.6 mg/d. There were significant improvements in the NPI subscores for delusion, agitation, depression, anxiety, and irritability at 2 or 4 wk after the start of administration of tandospirone. No patients experienced severe adverse effects. The results suggest that tandospirone was effective at improving BPSD symptoms and well-tolerated in elderly demented patients.

背景与目标： ：这项研究的目的是评估5-HT1A局部激动剂tandospirone治疗痴呆的行为和心理症状（BPSD）的功效和安全性。本研究招募了13名DSM-IV诊断为阿尔茨海默氏病或​​血管性痴呆的门诊患者。在为期8周的治疗期间，分别通过神经精神病学量表（NPI）和小精神状态检查对他们的BPSD和认知功能进行了评估。 tandospirone的平均剂量为19.6 mg / d时，可获得最大的益处。开始服用tandospirone后2周或4周，NPI分数对妄想，躁动，抑郁，焦虑和烦躁的NPI评分有显着改善。没有患者经历严重的不良反应。结果表明，tandospirone对改善BPSD症状有效，并且对老年痴呆患者具有良好的耐受性。