BACKGROUND & AIMS:
:Recent evidence shows that some amino acids and their metabolites are important regulators of key metabolic pathways that are necessary for maintenance, growth, feed intake, nutrient utilization, immunity, behavior, larval metamorphosis, reproduction, as well as resistance to environmental stressors and pathogenic organisms in various fishes. Therefore, conventional definitions on essential and nonessential amino acids for fish are challenged by numerous discoveries that taurine, glutamine, glycine, proline and hydroxyproline promote growth, development, and health of aquatic animals. On the basis of their crucial roles in cell metabolism and physiology, we anticipate that dietary supplementation with specific amino acids may be beneficial for: (1) increasing the chemo-attractive property and nutritional value of aquafeeds with low fishmeal inclusion; (2) optimizing efficiency of metabolic transformation in juvenile and sub-adult fishes; (3) surpressing aggressive behaviors and cannibalism; (4) increasing larval performance and survival; (5) mediating timing and efficiency of spawning; (6) improving fillet taste and texture; and (7) enhancing immunity and tolerance to environmental stresses. Functional amino acids hold great promise for development of balanced aquafeeds to enhance the efficiency and profitability of global aquaculture production.
背景与目标:
:最近的证据表明,某些氨基酸及其代谢物是关键代谢途径的重要调节剂,这些途径对于维持,生长,采食,养分利用,免疫力,行为,幼虫变态,繁殖以及对环境压力和病原体的抵抗力都是必需的各种鱼类中的生物。因此,鱼的必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸的常规定义受到牛磺酸,谷氨酰胺,甘氨酸,脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸促进水生动物生长,发育和健康的众多发现的挑战。基于它们在细胞代谢和生理中的关键作用,我们预期膳食中添加特定氨基酸可能有益于:(1)提高鱼粉含量低的水产饲料的化学吸引力和营养价值; (2)优化幼鱼和亚成鱼的代谢转化效率; (3)压制aggressive逼人的行为和食人行为; (4)提高幼虫的性能和存活率; (5)调解产卵的时间和效率; (6)改善鱼片的口感和质感; (7)增强对环境压力的免疫力和耐受性。功能性氨基酸为开发平衡水产饲料以提高全球水产养殖生产的效率和利润率提供了广阔前景。