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词汇介绍
拓展阅读
解析
allopurinol 英 /,ælə(ʊ)'pjʊərɪnɒl/ 美 /,ælo'pjʊrə,nɔl; ,ælo'pjʊrə,nol; ,ælo'pjʊrə,nɑl/
释 义 n. [药] 别嘌呤醇
例 句 In addition, the decrease in ambulatory BP was directly correlated with allopurinol treatment. 此外，持续测量血压的降低直接与别嘌呤醇治疗相关。
概述
概述
别嘌呤醇用于治疗痛风和某些类型的肾结石。它还可用于预防接受癌症化疗的患者尿酸水平升高。由于从垂死的癌细胞中释放尿酸，这些患者可能具有增加的尿酸水平。别嘌呤醇通过减少人体产生的尿酸量起作用。这种药物一般选择口服，剂量通常每日一次或按医生指示。
注意事项
在服用别嘌呤醇之前，请告诉您的医生或药剂师您是否对它过敏，或者如果你有严重的反应，或者如果您有任何其他过敏症。本产品可能含有非活性成分，可能引起过敏反应或其他问题。请咨询您的药剂师了解更多详情。在使用这种药物之前，请告诉您的医生或药剂师您的病史，尤其是：肝病，肾病，糖尿病，高血压，饮食习惯等。随着年龄的增长，肾功能会下降。这种药物通过肾脏过滤，因此，老年人在使用这种药物时可能会有更大的副作用风险。怀孕时，这种药物只应在明确需要时使用。别嘌呤醇可进入母乳，因此母乳喂养前请咨询医生。
不良反应
可能会出现胃部不适，恶心，腹泻或嗜睡。如果这些影响持续或恶化，请立即告诉您的医生或药剂师。也会出现任何罕见但非常严重的副作用，如：手臂/腿部麻木/刺痛，容易出血/瘀伤，异常疲倦，肾脏问题的迹象（如尿量变化，疼痛/血腥），眼睛/皮肤变黄，严重的胃/腹痛，持续的恶心/呕吐，尿色深，不寻常的体重减轻，眼睛疼痛，视力改变。
存储
在室温下避光干燥处保存。不要存放在浴室。使所有药物远离儿童和宠物。除非有指示，否则不要将药物冲入马桶或倒入排水管。当此产品过期或不再需要时，请妥善丢弃该产品。
Assessment of anti-nociceptive effect of allopurinol in a neuropathic pain Model
复制标题
别嘌呤醇在神经病理性疼痛模型中抗伤害性作用的评估
发表时间：2019-10-01
影响指数：2.9
作者： Ahmad Safari Sultan Abad
期刊：Brain Res
Oxidative and nitrosative stress, as well as mitochondrial dysfunction, have been identified as key factors in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. In addition, it has been recognized that glia (microglia and astroglia) in CNS, not only act as supporting cells but also have function as essential factors in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. The purine nucleoside has neuromodulatory effects on pain transmission by actions on sensory nerve terminals and actions within the spinal cord. Immunomodulatory effects of adenosine have been studied through the activation of three subtypes A1, A2, and A3 receptors. Allopurinol and its active metabolite, oxypurinol, are potent inhibitors of xanthine oxidase (XO), the enzyme responsible for catalysing hypoxanthine to xanthine and uric acid. For decades, allopurinol has been used for the management of gout and conditions associated with hyperuricemia. This drug has shown therapeutic effects in some pathological states by decreasing oxidative stress. Allopurinol exhibits good penetration to CNS, and has shown beneficial effects in patients with a recent acute ischemic stroke through lowering inflammatory marker, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 levels. But Dawson et. al. (2009) found no protective effect of allopurinol. In other studies antinociception and adenosine mechanisms have been implicated in its actions. However, current findings in a neuropathic pain model are original. In this study, we evaluated anti-allodynic and anti-hyperalgesic effects of intraperitoneal allopurinol on the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain in rats. We sought to investigate possible pathways involved by measuring gene expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), an enzyme responsible for nitric oxide (NO) production, as well as programed cell death (apoptosis) regulating factors including bax, bcl2 and caspase 3. Furthermore, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized binding protein (Iba1) were measured as the indicators of astroglia and microglia activation, respectively. The role of adenosine receptors was evaluated using the A1 receptor antagonist, 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX), and non-selective receptor antagonist, theophylline.
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