BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:The present study compared baseline local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) values within reward-relevant brain regions in alcohol-naïve, adult male high-alcohol-drinking (HAD) and low-alcohol-drinking (LAD) rats from replicate lines 1 and 2. METHODS:2-[14C]Deoxyglucose ([14C]2-DG) was injected (125 microCi/kg) intravenously during the rats' dark cycle. Timed arterial blood samples were collected over 45 min and assayed for glucose as well as [14C]2-DG content. Rats were then decapitated; their brains quickly removed and frozen in isopentane at -50 degrees C. Coronal sections from each brain were apposed to film and exposed for 2 days. Image densities were analyzed using quantitative autoradiography. RESULTS:Data were collected from several key limbic (nucleus accumbens, ventral tegmental area, olfactory tubercle, amygdala, hippocampus, ventral pallidum, and septum), basal ganglia, cortical (medial prefrontal, frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, entorhinal, pyriform, and cingulate), and subcortical (thalamus, habenula, and superior colliculus) structures. Because there were no significant differences between the replicates within each drinking line, data from the two replicates were combined to determine drinking line differences. When both replicate lines were combined, there were trends toward higher (approximately 15%) LCGU rates in HAD (n = 15) versus LAD (n = 16) rats within the parietal and occipital cortices, but neither of these line differences reached statistical significance (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS:The findings suggested that, within the HAD and LAD replicate rat lines, the selection for alcohol preference did not lead to differences in functional brain activity, as measured with the 2-DG method.

背景与目标： 背景：本研究比较了来自复制品系1的无酒精，成年雄性高酒精饮料（HAD）和低酒精饮料（LAD）大鼠的与奖励相关的脑区域内的基线局部脑葡萄糖利用（LCGU）值。和2。
方法：在大鼠黑暗周期内静脉注射2- [14C]-脱氧葡萄糖（[14C] 2-DG）（125 microCi / kg）。在45分钟内收集定时的动脉血样品，并测定葡萄糖以及[14C] 2-DG的含量。然后将大鼠斩首。他们的大脑迅速移出，并在-50摄氏度的异戊烷中冷冻。将每个大脑的冠状切片贴在胶片上并暴露2天。使用定量放射自显影术分析图像密度。
结果：从几个关键的边缘区（伏隔核，腹侧被盖区，嗅结节，杏仁核，海马，腹侧苍白球和隔垫），基底神经节，皮质（内侧前额叶，额叶，额叶，顶叶，颞叶，枕叶，内tor神经，pyr神经）收集了数据，以及扣带回）和皮层下（丘脑，哈贝努拉和上丘）结构。由于每个饮水线内的重复样本之间没有显着差异，因此将两个重复样本中的数据进行合并以确定饮水线差异。当两个复制品系合并使用时，顶叶和枕叶皮质中的HAD（n = 15）与LAD（n = 16）大鼠的LCGU率有升高的趋势（约15％），但这些差异均未达到统计学显着性（p <0.01）。
结论：研究结果表明，在HAD和LAD复制的大鼠品系中，对酒精偏好的选择不会导致2-DG法测定的大脑功能的差异。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Unligated side branches of the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) have been indicated as a cause of coronary steal resulting in postoperative angina. Although a number of studies have reported successful embolization of the side branches to relieve angina, this phenomenon is still controversial and it has been either emphasized or rejected in studies that attempted to obtain hemodynamic evidence of the steal using angiographic and intravascular Doppler techniques. In this case study, we tried to reproduce physiological decrease in the muscular and coronary beds as it could occur during activity. Our results, using an intracoronary Doppler wire with adenosine combined with forced ventilation, showed that a trial occlusion of the LIMA side branch with a balloon technique can demonstrate whether the flow through the LIMA would increase after embolization of the side branch.

背景与目标： ：左乳内动脉未结扎的侧支（LIMA）已被表明是导致术后心绞痛的冠状动脉盗窃的原因。尽管许多研究报告称成功完成了侧支栓塞以缓解心绞痛，但该现象仍存在争议，在尝试使用血管造影和血管内多普勒技术获得血流动力学证据的研究中，这种现象一直被强调或拒绝。在本案例研究中，我们尝试重现肌肉和冠状动脉床层的生理下降，因为这种下降可能在活动期间发生。我们的研究结果通过使用冠状动脉内多普勒导线和腺苷联合强制通气，表明通过气球技术对LIMA侧支进行的试验性闭塞可以证明在栓塞后，通过LIMA的血流是否会增加。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: This is a retrospective study of 173 cases of chronic laxity of the knee, surgically treated between May 1985 and December 1988 using the MacIntosh technique (quadriceps-plasty) reinforced with the Kennedy ligament augmentation device (LAD). It involved 171 operations, 113 men and 58 women aged between 15 and 49 years (average 26 years), the majority of whom were active in sports both at competition (51 cases) and at recreational level (119 cases). There were 101 lesions of the medial meniscus (58.4%) and 94 lesions of the lateral meniscus (54.4%); only 41 knees had no meniscal lesion (23.6%). The results at medium term (between 4 and 8 years follow-up) were based on 107 cases (61.8%). The tolerance of the reinforcement was excellent as there were no instances of either acute or chronic synovitis in this series. The anatomical results evaluated using the Lachmann test (maximum manual Lachmann) showed no differential in 24 cases (22.8%), a differential of between 0 and 2 mm in 54 cases (50.5%), of between 2 and 4 mm in 20 cases (19%) and of > 4 mm in 9 cases (8.7%). The functional results evaluated using the Arpège CLAS system showed 83% of results to be satisfactory (score > 23). The radiological results showed that 63 knees (58.9%) had no subclinical or clinical signs of medial or lateral femorotibial osteoarthritis. In total, with an average follow-up of > 5 years (4-8 years), it was found that the MacIntosh quadriceps-plasty reinforced with the Kennedy LAD was not accompanied by any iatrogenic disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

背景与目标： 这是一项回顾性研究，研究了1985年5月至1988年12月之间使用MacIntosh技术（股四头肌成形术）并经Kennedy韧带增强装置（LAD）增强的手术治疗的173例慢性膝关节松弛症。它涉及171项手术，年龄在15至49岁之间（平均26岁）的113名男性和58名女性，其中大多数人在比赛（51例）和娱乐水平（119例）中都从事体育运动。内侧半月板有101处病变（58.4％），外侧半月板有94处病变（54.4％）；只有41个膝盖没有半月板病变（23.6％）。中期（随访4至8年）的结果基于107例（61.8％）。增强的耐受性极好，因为在该系列中没有急性或慢性滑膜炎的病例。使用Lachmann测试（最大手动Lachmann）评估的解剖学结果显示，24例（22.8％）无差异，54例（50.5％）在0至2 mm之间，20例在2至4 mm之间（ 19％）和9例（8.7％）中大于4 mm的玻璃。使用ArpègeCLAS系统评估的功能结果显示83％的结果令人满意（得分> 23）。放射学结果显示63膝（58.9％）没有内侧或外侧股骨胫骨关节炎的亚临床或临床体征。总的来说，平均随访时间超过5年（4-8年），发现用肯尼迪LAD加固的MacIntosh股四头肌成形术没有伴有任何医源性疾病。（摘要摘录250字）< br>

BACKGROUND & AIMS: -2

背景与目标： -2

BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:To optimize a simple flowcytometric technique for Prenatal diagnosis (PND) for Leukocyte adhesions defect (LAD-I) on cordocentesis sample at 18 wk gestation. METHODS:Normal reference ranges for expression of CD18/CD11-integrins in neutrophils and lymphocytes at 18 wk of gestation were established by flowcytometry. PND for LAD-I was then performed on the cordocentesis samples in three 'at risk' pregnancies after ruling out maternal contamination. RESULTS:CD18 and CD11a expression on fetal lymphocytes were found to be the most useful parameters for PND of LAD-I. All the three fetuses tested showed normal expression of CD18/CD11-integrins and thus were unaffected. This was confirmed by testing the cord blood (CB) samples after delivery and normal growth and absence of serious infections on follow-up. CONCLUSIONS:Flowcytometry offers a rapid and sensitive technique for PND of LAD-I in the absence of facilities for molecular diagnosis. Obstetricians, even in developing countries with modest facilities, can offer considerable relief for the families.

背景与目标： 目的：为了优化一种简单的流式细胞术技术，以进行18周妊娠时脐带穿刺样本上白细胞粘附缺陷（LAD-I）的产前诊断（PND）。
方法：通过流式细胞术确定妊娠18周时中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞中CD18 / CD11整合素表达的正常参考范围。在排除孕产妇污染后，对脐带穿刺样本进行了三次“有风险”妊娠的PND。
结果：发现胎儿淋巴细胞上的CD18和CD11a表达是LAD-1 PND最有用的参数。测试的所有三个胎儿均显示CD18 / CD11整合素正常表达，因此不受影响。通过在分娩，正常生长后进行脐带血（CB）样品测试以及随访中没有严重感染，可以证实这一点。
结论：流式细胞术为LAD-1的PND提供了一种快速而灵敏的技术，而没有分子诊断的便利。产科医生，即使在设施有限的发展中国家，也可以为家庭提供很大的帮助。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Leukocyte adhesion deficiency 1 (LAD-1) is caused by defects in the β2 integrin subunit. We studied 18 missense mutations, 14 of which fail to support the surface expression of the β2 integrins. Integrins with the β2-G150D mutation fail to bind ligands, possibly due to the failure of the α1 segment of the βI domain to assume an α-helical structure. Integrins with the β2-G716A mutation are not maintained in their resting states, and the patient has the severe phenotype of LAD-1. The β2-S453N and β2-P648L mutants support the expression of integrins and adhesion functions. They should be re-classified as polymorphic variants.

背景与目标： ：白细胞粘附缺乏症1（LAD-1）是由β2整联蛋白亚基的缺陷引起的。我们研究了18个错义突变，其中14个不能支持β2整合素的表面表达。具有β2-G150D突变的整联蛋白不能结合配体，这可能是由于βI结构域的α1区段无法呈现α螺旋结构所致。具有β2-G716A突变的整联蛋白不能保持在静止状态，并且患者具有严重的LAD-1表型。 β2-S453N和β2-P648L突变体支持整合素的表达和粘附功能。应该将它们重新分类为多态变体。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:We have evaluated thoracic conformation of patients in order to derive a numeric value predictive of an increased dose to left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), critical structure for the development of late radio induced cardiac morbidity. METHODS:We have evaluated 91 patients (36-88 years) affected by breast cancer stage I-II (Tis-T1-2 N0-1), undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy with conventional fractionation. For each patient on CT images was measured the distance between the back face of the sternum (manubrium) and the anterior face of body of the corresponding vertebra (a), and the distance measured on the line at 45° between the vertebral body of the same vertebra and the back face of the rib corresponding (b). The a/b ratio showed values between 0.626 and 1.123. We used the median value (0.821) as cut-off to divide the patients in two groups. We calculated in both groups: Volume (Vol) heart, Vol LAD with an expansion of 0.6 mm; Dmean LAD (Gy); Dmax LAD (Gy); V10-V20-V30 (%) LAD and we correlated these values with parametric and non-parametric tests. RESULTS:The Pearson test has showed a statistically significant correlation between Vol breast and V10, V20, V30 with borderline significance (p = 0.006; p = 0.02; p = 0.05). The data were confirmed by testing non-parametric Kendall (tau = 0.004; tau = 0.015; tau = 0.016) and Spearman (rho = 0.003; rho = 0.016; rho = 0.015). We conducted categorizing into quartiles of breast volume and evaluated the correlation with a/b. We have found a significative correlation (p = 0.01) between small Vol breast (≤660.23 cc) and a/b < 0.0821 and greater Vol breast (>660.23 cc) with a/b > 0.0821. From the evaluation of the distribution of V10 in the two groups taking account of the Dmean ≤5 or >5 significance was found with a/b; Chi square 0.009 (0.01). Values ≤5 were observed in women with a/b < 0.0821. Values >5 in women with a/b > 0.0821. CONCLUSIONS:The geometric conformity of chest thorax considering a/b and the value of 0.0821 can reveals an important parameter in the selection of patients suitable for radiation therapy on left breast in order to evaluate the risk of late cardiac events. This consideration during treatment planning can change the technique or the set-up allowing the development of a customized plan.

背景与目标： 目的：我们评估了患者的胸廓结构，以得出预测左前降支冠状动脉（LAD）剂量增加的数值，该数字是晚期放射性诱发的心脏病的关键结构。
方法：我们评估了91例（36-88岁）受乳腺癌I-II期（Tis-T1-2 N0-1）影响的患者，他们接受了常规分流的辅助放疗。对于每位CT图像上的患者，测量胸骨背面（手掌）与相应椎骨的身体前表面之间的距离（a），并在距椎骨的椎体之间45°线上测量的距离相同的椎骨与肋骨的背面相对应（b）。 a / b比显示为0.626至1.123之间的值。我们使用中位数（0.821）作为临界值，将患者分为两组。我们对两组进行了计算：心脏的体积（Vol），扩展的0.6 mm的LAD体积; Dmean LAD（Gy）; Dmax LAD（Gy）; V10-V20-V30（％）LAD，我们将这些值与参数测试和非参数测试相关联。
结果：Pearson检验显示Vol乳腺与V10，V20，V30之间具有统计学显着相关性，具有临界意义（p = 0.006; p = 0.02; p = 0.05）。通过测试非参数Kendall（tau = 0.004; tau = 0.015; tau = 0.016）和Spearman（rho = 0.003; rho = 0.016; rho = 0.015）确认数据。我们对乳房体积的四分位数进行了分类，并评估了与a / b的相关性。我们发现小体积乳房（≤660.23cc）与a / b <0.0821和较大体积乳房（> 660.23 cc）与a / b> 0.0821之间存在显着相关性（p = 0.01）。通过评估Dmean≤5或> 5的显着性，从两组中V10的分布评估中，发现a / b；卡方0.009（0.01）。在a / b <0.0821的女性中观察到的值≤5。 A / b> 0.0821的女性的值> 5。
结论：考虑到a / b和0.0821的值，胸廓的几何一致性可以为选择适合左胸放射治疗的患者选择一个重要参数，以评估晚期心脏事件的风险。治疗计划期间的考虑因素可能会更改技术或设置，从而允许制定自定义计划。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:Outcomes and treatment costs for coronary artery disease involving the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) are influenced by the type of treatment, which can be either isolated minimally invasive revascularization of the LAD using the internal thoracic artery (ITA) (MIDCAB) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on the LAD. This retrospective study sought to evaluate long-term survival, freedom from re-intervention and cost analysis after MIDCAB compared to PCI on the LAD. METHODS:Between 2006 and 2012, from a total of 561 patients, 106 consecutive patients with LAD stenosis underwent a MIDCAB procedure whereas 100 patients underwent elective PCI. Urgent and emergent cases were excluded from the present study (n = 355). Detailed analysis of the outcome data was performed for both groups. A Kaplan-Meier survival estimation with up to 10-year follow-up was applied for both groups for survival analysis and freedom from re-intervention. RESULTS:There were no statistically significant differences in terms of clinically relevant baseline characteristics. The outcome in the MIDCAB group was superior regarding long-term overall survival, accounting for 100% versus 92.8% at 1 year, 98.5% versus 82.1% at 6 years and 79.6% versus 61.5% at 10 years (Log Rank (Mantel-Cox) p = 0.011) and freedom from re-intervention at 10 years (97.2% vs. 86.7%, Log Rank (Mantel-Cox) p = 0.001). Intensive care unit (ICU) stay (p = 0.020) and total hospital stay (p<0.001) were significantly longer in the MIDCAB group, which was also associated with higher in-hospital costs (10,879 € vs. 4009 €, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS:Whereas patients undergoing MIDCAB remained longer on ICU and in hospital, causing higher costs, this procedure was associated with a significantly lower incidence of repeat revascularization and significantly lower mortality compared to PCI on the LAD.

背景与目标： 目的：涉及左冠状动脉前降支（LAD）的冠状动脉疾病的结果和治疗费用受治疗类型的影响，可以通过使用胸腔内动脉（ITA）（MIDCAB）隔离LAD的微创血运重建或在LAD上进行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）。这项回顾性研究旨在评估与LAD上的PCI相比，MIDCAB后的长期生存率，免于再次干预的费用和成本分析。
方法：2006年至2012年，共561例患者中，连续106例LAD狭窄患者接受了MIDCAB手术，而100例患者接受了选择性PCI。紧急和紧急情况被排除在本研究之外（n = 355）。两组均对结果数据进行了详细分析。两组均采用长达10年随访的Kaplan-Meier生存估计，以进行生存分析和免于再次干预。
结果：就临床相关的基线特征而言，没有统计学上的显着差异。 MIDCAB组的长期总生存期优于100％vs.92.8％（1年），98.5％（62.1年），82.1％（79.6％）61.5％（10年）（Log Rank（Mantel-Cox ）p = 0.011）和10年免于再次干预的可能性（97.2％vs. 86.7％，Log Rank（Mantel-Cox）p = 0.001）。 MIDCAB组的重症监护病房（ICU）住院时间（p = 0.020）和总住院时间（p <0.001）明显更长，这也与住院费用较高相关（10,879€vs. 4009€，p <0.001 ）。
结论：尽管接受MIDCAB的患者在ICU和住院期间的住院时间更长，导致费用更高，但与LAD上的PCI相比，该手术与再次血运重建的发生率显着降低和死亡率显着降低有关。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In patients in whom the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) has been previously utilized, reoperative grafting of the left anterior descending (LAD) or diagonal coronary arteries can be performed through a left anterior small thoracotomy (LAST) approach, utilizing the subclavian artery as inflow source. In such cases, however, the left upper lobe of the lung and the lingula may exert unwanted traction on the newly constructed coronary graft. Herein, we describe a detail of technique that eliminates this inconvenience.

背景与目标： ：对于先前已使用左乳内动脉（LIMA）的患者，可通过锁骨下动脉通过左前小切口开胸术（LAST）进行左前降支（LAD）或对角冠状动脉的再植作为流入源。但是，在这种情况下，肺的左上叶和舌状部可能会对新构造的冠状动脉移植物施加不必要的牵引力。在此，我们描述消除这种不便之处的技术细节。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We have reported previously that the LAD-4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against a fibronectin receptor (FNR) on RL-male-1 T lymphoma cells in BALB/c mice partially inhibited their migration to the liver. In the present study, we examined the mechanism by which another anti-FNR mAb, LAD-1, exerts its antitumourigenic effects. Administration of LAD-1 significantly prolonged survival of BALB/c mice challenged previously with RL-male-1 cells. LAD-1 enhanced phagocytosis of RL-male-1 cells by hepatic macrophages and clodronate-mediated macrophage depletion abrogated the antitumour activity of LAD-1. In vitro experiments revealed that a pan-caspase inhibitor, zVAD-fmk, did not affect the ability of LAD-1 to inhibit the proliferation of RL-male-1 cells. These data suggest that the antitumour effects of LAD-1 may be dependent on stimulation of tumour cell phagocytosis and are apoptosis-independent. Thus, LAD-1-induced phagocytosis of lymphoma cells by hepatic macrophages in mice may, at least in part, be responsible for the prolonged survival of the mice.

背景与目标： ：我们先前曾报道过，针对BALB / c小鼠RL-male-1 T淋巴瘤细胞上纤连蛋白受体（FNR）的LAD-4单克隆抗体（mAb）部分抑制了它们向肝脏的迁移。在本研究中，我们研究了另一种抗FNR mAb LAD-1发挥其抗肿瘤作用的机制。 LAD-1的给药可显着延长先前用RL-male-1细胞攻击的BALB / c小鼠的存活期。 LAD-1通过肝巨噬细胞增强了RL-male-1细胞的吞噬作用，而氯膦酸盐介导的巨噬细胞耗竭则废除了LAD-1的抗肿瘤活性。体外实验表明，泛半胱天冬酶抑制剂zVAD-fmk不会影响LAD-1抑制RL-male-1细胞增殖的能力。这些数据表明，LAD-1的抗肿瘤作用可能取决于肿瘤细胞吞噬作用的刺激，并且与细胞凋亡无关。因此，LAD-1诱导的小鼠肝巨噬细胞对淋巴瘤细胞的吞噬作用可能至少部分是导致小鼠存活时间延长的原因。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is still a serious problem that is characterized by an increasing hypertrophy of the cardiac muscle. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis whether in HOCM the coronary flow reserve in the left anterior descending artery (LAD) is influenced by pharmacologic stimulation or stimulation using a pacemaker. PATIENTS AND METHODS:The study was carried out in 15 patients (6 male, 9 female) with the typical echocardiographic signs of HOCM without coronary artery disease. Using an intracoronary Doppler catheter the average peak velocity and the absolute coronary flow reserve were determined in the proximal, medial and distal part of the LAD under influence of Papaverine, Substance P and under pacemaker stimulation. The coronary square plane was calculated angiographically under the influence of Substance P. Moreover, the retrograde flow was studied and the coherence between the increase of the coronary square plane and the coronary flow reserve were investigated. For statistical analysis the mean value, the standard error of the mean, Spearman's correlation coefficient and the t-test were calculated. RESULTS:Under pharmacologic stimulation higher values in the average peak velocity were observed compared to pacemaker stimulation. A retrograde flow was observed in 8 out of 10 patients. The coronary flow reserve was higher under pharmacologic influence than under pacemaker stimulation. A coherence between the increase of the coronary square plane and the coronary flow reserve was not found. CONCLUSIONS:So far, from the published data concerning the characteristics of coronary flow in HOCM patients, only the retrograde flow was reproducible in our patient group. However, a decrease of the coronary flow reserve compared to a healthy control group of the literature could not be observed. Nevertheless ischemia in the subordinate vessels and on the base of microcirculation cannot be excluded.

背景与目标： 目的：肥厚性梗阻性心肌病（HOCM）仍然是一个严重的问题，其特征是心肌肥大增加。这项研究的目的是调查关于在HOCM中左前降支（LAD）中冠状动脉血流储备是否受到药理刺激或使用起搏器刺激的影响的假说。
患者与方法：本研究在15例具有典型HOCM超声心动图征象但无冠心病的患者（男6例，女9例）中进行。使用冠状动脉内多普勒导管，在罂粟碱，P物质和起搏器刺激下，测定LAD近端，内侧和远端的平均峰值速度和绝对冠状动脉血流储备。在物质P的影响下，通过血管造影计算冠状动脉正方形平面。此外，研究了逆行血流，并研究了冠状动脉正方形平面的增加与冠状动脉血流储备之间的相干性。为了进行统计分析，计算了平均值，平均值的标准误，Spearman相关系数和t检验。
结果：在药理刺激下，与起搏器刺激相比，观察到平均峰值速度更高的值。 10名患者中有8名观察到逆行血流。在药理作用下，冠状动脉血流储备高于在起搏器刺激下。没有发现冠状动脉正方形平面的增加与冠状动脉血流储备之间的一致性。
结论：到目前为止，从已发表的有关HOCM患者冠状动脉血流特征的数据来看，在我们的患者组中只有逆行血流是可再现的。然而，与健康对照组相比，没有观察到冠状动脉血流储备的减少。然而，不能排除从属血管和基于微循环的局部缺血。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Atherosclerosis is the main underlying pathology of coronary artery disease (CAD), which is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is involved in multiple phases of vascular dysfunction, including endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerotic plaque formation, and destabilization. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether soluble LOX-1 is associated with proximal/mid and distal segment of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery lesion in patients with stable CAD. METHODS:Sixty-four patients with proximal/mid segment of the LAD lesions and 51 patients with distal segments of the LAD lesions were included in this study. Soluble LOX-1 levels were measured in all study subjects. RESULTS:Baseline characteristics of the two groups were similar. In stable CAD, patients with proximal/middle segment of the LAD lesions had significantly higher circulating soluble LOX-1 levels than patients with distal segments of the LAD lesions (1.07 ± 0.33 vs. 0.70 ± 0.17 ng/ml, p < 0.001). No correlation was found between plasma-soluble LOX-1 levels and fasting glucose, lipid profile. For predicting proximal/middle LAD lesions, the highest specificity (95,2%) and sensitivity (53,8%) levels were obtained at the cut-off value of 0.68. CONCLUSION:Our study demonstrated that serum-soluble LOX-1 levels were associated with proximal/mid segment of the LAD lesions. Furthermore, this study suggested soluble LOX-1 might be a useful biomarker of coronary plaque vulnerability in patients with stable CAD. Soluble LOX-1, the novel biochemical marker, may provide new insights into not only risk stratification but also therapeutic strategy for CAD.

背景与目标： 背景/目的：动脉粥样硬化是冠状动脉疾病（CAD）的主要潜在病理，是世界范围内导致死亡的主要原因。凝集素样氧化低密度脂蛋白受体1（LOX-1）参与血管功能障碍的多个阶段，包括内皮功能障碍，动脉粥样硬化斑块形成和不稳定。本研究的目的是确定在稳定型CAD患者中可溶性LOX-1是否与左前降支（LAD）动脉病变的近端/中段和远端段相关。
方法：本研究纳入了64例LAD病变近端/中段的患者和51例LAD病变远段的患者。在所有研究对象中测量可溶性LOX-1水平。
结果：两组的基线特征相似。在稳定的CAD中，LAD病变的近端/中段患者的循环可溶性LOX-1水平明显高于LAD病变的远端段患者（1.07±0.33 vs.0.70±0.17 ng / ml，p <0.001）。在血浆可溶性LOX-1水平与空腹血糖，血脂水平之间未发现相关性。为了预测近端/中间LAD病变，在0.68的临界值时获得了最高的特异性（95.2％）和敏感性（53.8％）。
结论：我们的研究表明，血清可溶性LOX-1水平与LAD病变的近端/中段有关。此外，这项研究表明可溶性LOX-1可能是稳定CAD患者冠状动脉斑块易损性的有用生物标志物。可溶性LOX-1是一种新颖的生化标记，不仅可以为风险分层提供新的见解，而且可以为CAD的治疗策略提供新的见解。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :To our knowledge, this is the first report of primary percutaneous coronary intervention in a patient with a superdominant left circumflex artery, in which the entire right coronary artery myocardium territory is provided by the left circumflex. Coronary angiographic images of our 80-year-old male patient illustrate this anomaly. Single coronary arteries are among the most rare anatomic coronary anomalies, and the absence of right coronary artery ostium has been described as the rarest of these anomalies. Coronary events in such cases can be catastrophic due to the large amount of myocardium at risk.

背景与目标： ：据我们所知，这是首次对左旋支支气管动脉占主导的患者进行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的首次报道，其中左旋支气管提供了整个右冠状动脉心肌区域。我们80岁的男性患者的冠状动脉造影照片说明了这种异常情况。单个冠状动脉是最罕见的解剖冠状动脉畸形，而右冠状动脉口的缺失是这些畸形中最罕见的。在这种情况下，由于大量的心肌处于危险之中，因此冠状动脉事件可能是灾难性的。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Research models of infarction and myocardial ischemia are essential to investigate the acute and chronic pathobiological and pathophysiological processes in myocardial ischemia and to develop and optimize future treatment. Two different methods of creating myocardial ischemia are performed in laboratory rodents. The first method is to create cryo infarction, a fast but inaccurate technique, where a cryo-pen is applied on the surface of the heart (1-3). Using this method the scientist can not guarantee that the cryo-scar leads to ischemia, also a vast myocardial injury is created that shows pathophysiological side effects that are not related to myocardial infarction. The second method is the permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery (LAD). Here the LAD is ligated with one single stitch, forming an ischemia that can be seen almost immediately. By closing the LAD, no further blood flow is permitted in that area, while the surrounding myocardial tissue is nearly not affected. This surgical procedure imitates the pathobiological and pathophysiological aspects occurring in infarction-related myocardial ischemia. The method introduced in this video demonstrates the surgical procedure of a mouse infarction model by ligating the LAD. This model is convenient for pathobiological and pathophysiological as well as immunobiological studies on cardiac infarction. The shown technique provides high accuracy and correlates well with histological sections.

背景与目标： ：梗塞和心肌缺血的研究模型对于调查心肌缺血的急，慢性病理生物学和病理生理过程以及制定和优化未来治疗至关重要。在实验室啮齿动物中进行了两种不同的产生心肌缺血的方法。第一种方法是制造冰冻梗塞，这是一种快速但不准确的技术，其中在心脏表面上使用冰冻笔（1-3）。使用这种方法，科学家无法保证低温疤痕会导致局部缺血，还会造成巨大的心肌损伤，这种损伤显示出与心肌梗塞无关的病理生理学副作用。第二种方法是永久结扎左前降支动脉（LAD）。在这里，LAD结扎了一个针脚，形成了几乎可以立即看到的局部缺血。通过关闭LAD，该区域将不允许进一步的血液流动，而周围的心肌组织几乎不会受到影响。该手术过程模仿了与梗塞相关的心肌缺血中发生的病理生物学和病理生理学方面。该视频中介绍的方法通过结扎LAD演示了小鼠梗塞模型的外科手术过程。该模型对于心脏梗死的病理生物学和病理生理以及免疫生物学研究是方便的。所示技术提供了很高的准确性，并与组织学切片很好地相关。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We report a case of GuideLiner catheter use during transradial intervention for selective coronary angiography of the distal left anterior descending artery (LAD), beyond the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) anastomosis. The lesion within the LAD was located distal to the anastomosis of a very tortuous LIMA, otherwise unable to be visualized due to competitive flow from the LIMA. Stenting by way of the LIMA could not be performed due to this severe tortuosity as well. Alternatively, performance of the intervention without GuideLiner assistance would have required dual access, with injections both through the LIMA graft and the native LAD for angiography and intervention. Use of the GuideLiner served the purpose of selective LAD angiography to visualize the lesion, as well as delivery of the stent through a proximally calcified LAD. Using this single transradial route allowed the intervention to be completed, while reducing complications due to multiple access sites.

背景与目标： ：我们报告了一例在经intervention动脉介入治疗期间对左前降支远侧动脉（LAD）进行选择性冠状动脉造影的案例，在左乳内动脉（LIMA）吻合之外使用了GuideLiner导管。 LAD内的病变位于非常曲折的LIMA吻合术的远端，否则由于来自LIMA的竞争性流而无法可视化。由于这种严重的曲折，也无法通过LIMA进行固定。或者，在没有GuideLiner协助的情况下进行干预将需要双重途径，同时通过LIMA移植物和天然LAD进行注射以进行血管造影和干预。 GuideLiner的使用用于选择性LAD血管造影以可视化病变，以及通过近端钙化LAD输送支架。使用这种单一的经radi动脉途径可以完成干预，同时减少由于多个进入部位而引起的并发症。