BACKGROUND & AIMS: :With lithium-ion (li-ion) batteries as energy storage devices, operational safety from thermal runaway remains a major obstacle especially for applications in harsh environments such as in the oil industry. In this approach, a facile method via microwave irradiation technique (MWI) was followed to prepare Co3O4/reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanocomposites as anodes for high temperature li-ion batteries. Results showed that the addition of h-BN not only enhanced the thermal stability of Co3O4/RGO nanocomposites but also enhanced the specific surface area. Co3O4/RGO/h-BN nanocomposites displayed the highest specific surface area of 191 m2/g evidencing the synergistic effects between RGO and h-BN. Moreover, Co3O4/RGO/h-BN also displayed the highest specific capacity with stable reversibility on the high performance after 100 cycles and lower internal resistance. Interestingly, this novel nanocomposite exhibits outstanding high temperature performances with excellent cycling stability (100% capacity retention) and a decreased internal resistance at 150 °C.

背景与目标： : 使用锂离子 (li-ion) 电池作为储能设备，热失控的操作安全性仍然是主要障碍，尤其是在恶劣环境 (例如石油行业) 中的应用。在这种方法中，采用了一种通过微波辐射技术 (MWI) 的简便方法来制备Co3O4/还原的氧化石墨烯 (RGO)/六方氮化硼 (h-BN) 纳米复合材料，作为高温锂离子电池的阳极。结果表明，h-BN的加入不仅提高了Co3O4/RGO纳米复合材料的热稳定性，而且提高了比表面积。Co3O4/RGO/h-BN纳米复合材料显示出最高的比表面积，为191   m2/g，表明RGO和h-BN之间具有协同作用。此外，Co3O4/RGO/h-BN还显示出最高比容量，在100循环后的高性能上具有稳定的可逆性和较低的内阻。有趣的是，这种新型纳米复合材料表现出出色的高温性能，具有优异的循环稳定性 (100% 容量保持) 和在150 ℃ 下降低的内阻。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was employed as a model protein to study its loading efficiency into a calcium phosphate (CaP) coating on titanium substrates. It is found that the protein loading efficiency can be adjusted by varying the specific configurations of the coating system such as simulated body fluid (SBF) volume, solution height and container selection for the SBF. A BSA loading efficiency as high as 90% was achieved when the ratio of the substrate surface area to modified SBF (m-SBF) volume was as high as 0.072. The release of BSA from the biomimetic coatings was also investigated in vitro. A sustained release was achieved although a large quantity of BSA was still trapped in the coating after 15 days of immersion in a phosphate buffer solution. A much faster release rate would be expected when the coating is implanted in vivo due to the active involvement of osteoclast cells and enzymes.

背景与目标： : 牛血清白蛋白 (BSA) 被用作模型蛋白，以研究其在钛底物上的磷酸钙 (CaP) 涂层中的负载效率。发现可以通过改变涂层系统的特定配置 (例如模拟体液 (SBF) 体积，溶液高度和SBF的容器选择) 来调节蛋白质的加载效率。当衬底表面积与改性SBF (m-SBF) 体积之比高达90% 时，获得高达0.072的BSA加载效率。还在体外研究了仿生涂层中BSA的释放。尽管在磷酸盐缓冲溶液中浸泡15天后仍将大量BSA捕获在涂层中，但仍实现了持续释放。由于破骨细胞和酶的活性参与，当将涂层植入体内时，预计释放速度会更快。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Carbide layer was formed on the surface of Ti by heating in hydrocarbon atmosphere (benzene C6H6) at 1000-1400 degrees C using a high frequency induction heating method. Physical and mechanical properties of carbide-coated Ti were investigated to examine its potential as an abrasion-resistant implant material. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the surface of Ti was covered with fine grains of 1-4 microm diameter, depending on heating conditions. In addition, carbide layer of about 1-25 microm thickness was observed on the cross-section of specimens by SEM and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Vickers hardness of surface carbide was found to be more than 2000. Further, Martens scratch test and ultrasonic scaler abrasion test showed that the indentation depth and width of carbide-coated Ti were much smaller than pure Ti, thereby confirming its high abrasion resistance. These results showed that for Ti implant materials that require high abrasion resistance, such as the abutment for dental implants, surface carbide coatings would be an effective means to improve their wear properties.

背景与目标： : 通过在烃气氛 (苯C6H6) 中使用高频感应加热方法在1000-1400 ℃ 加热，在Ti的表面上形成碳化物层。研究了碳化物涂层Ti的物理和机械性能，以检查其作为耐磨植入物材料的潜力。扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 显示，根据加热条件，Ti的表面覆盖着直径为1-4微米的细晶粒。此外，通过SEM和能量色散光谱法在样品的横截面上观察到约1-25微米厚度的碳化物层。发现表面碳化物的维氏硬度大于2000。此外，Martens划痕试验和超声洁牙机磨损试验表明，碳化物涂层Ti的压痕深度和宽度远小于纯Ti，从而证实了其高耐磨性。这些结果表明，对于需要高耐磨性的Ti植入物材料，例如牙科植入物的基台，表面碳化物涂层将是改善其磨损性能的有效手段。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Decrease in processing speed due to increased resistance and capacitance delay is a major obstacle for the down-scaling of electronics1-3. Minimizing the dimensions of interconnects (metal wires that connect different electronic components on a chip) is crucial for the miniaturization of devices. Interconnects are isolated from each other by non-conducting (dielectric) layers. So far, research has mostly focused on decreasing the resistance of scaled interconnects because integration of dielectrics using low-temperature deposition processes compatible with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductors is technically challenging. Interconnect isolation materials must have low relative dielectric constants (κ values), serve as diffusion barriers against the migration of metal into semiconductors, and be thermally, chemically and mechanically stable. Specifically, the International Roadmap for Devices and Systems recommends4 the development of dielectrics with κ values of less than 2 by 2028. Existing low-κ materials (such as silicon oxide derivatives, organic compounds and aerogels) have κ values greater than 2 and poor thermo-mechanical properties5. Here we report three-nanometre-thick amorphous boron nitride films with ultralow κ values of 1.78 and 1.16 (close to that of air, κ = 1) at operation frequencies of 100 kilohertz and 1 megahertz, respectively. The films are mechanically and electrically robust, with a breakdown strength of 7.3 megavolts per centimetre, which exceeds requirements. Cross-sectional imaging reveals that amorphous boron nitride prevents the diffusion of cobalt atoms into silicon under very harsh conditions, in contrast to reference barriers. Our results demonstrate that amorphous boron nitride has excellent low-κ dielectric characteristics for high-performance electronics.

背景与目标： : 由于电阻和电容延迟增加而导致的处理速度降低是electronics1-3缩小的主要障碍。最小化互连 (连接芯片上不同电子组件的金属线) 的尺寸对于设备的小型化至关重要。互连通过非导电 (电介质) 层彼此隔离。到目前为止，研究主要集中在降低定标互连的电阻上，因为使用与互补金属氧化物半导体兼容的低温沉积工艺集成电介质在技术上具有挑战性。互连隔离材料必须具有较低的相对介电常数 (κ 值)，充当防止金属迁移到半导体中的扩散势垒，并且在热，化学和机械上是稳定的。具体来说，《国际设备和系统路线图》建议4开发 κ 值小于2 2028年的电介质。现有的低 κ 材料 (例如氧化硅衍生物，有机化合物和气凝胶) 的 κ 值大于2，并且热机械性能差5。在这里，我们报告了在工作频率分别为100千赫兹和1兆赫兹时具有1.78和1.16的超低 κ 值 (接近空气，κ = 1) 的三纳米厚非晶氮化硼膜。该膜在机械和电方面是坚固的，击穿强度为每厘米7.3兆伏，这超出了要求。横截面成像显示，与参考势垒相反，在非常苛刻的条件下，非晶态氮化硼阻止钴原子扩散到硅中。我们的结果表明，非晶态氮化硼具有出色的低 κ 介电特性，可用于高性能电子设备。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:Nickel-titanium orthodontic wires have various temperature-dependent phases. The purpose of this study was to investigate temperature-dependent corrosion characteristics of shape memory, superelastic, and nonsuperelastic orthodontic wires. METHODS:Four orthodontic wires were investigated: 27 and 40 degrees C copper Ni-Ti (superelastic and shape memory, respectively), superelastic Ni-Ti, and nonsuperelastic Nitinol Classic. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to confirm phase/temperature behavior of the wires. Sectioned halves of as-received archwires were assessed electrochemically in artificial saliva at 5, 24, 37, and 45 degrees C. Open circuit potential (OCP) was monitored for 2h followed by polarization resistance and cyclic polarization tests. RESULTS:DSC results showed Nitinol was primarily martensitic-stable whereas NiTi, 27 degrees C CuNiTi, and 40 degrees C CuNiTi possessed austenite-finish temperatures of approximately 19, 21, and 38 degrees C. The OCP of the CuNiTi wires was significantly greater than NiTi and Nitinol but no apparent trend in values was apparent with regard to temperature or phases present. Corrosion current density (i(corr)) increased with temperature for all wires, but not all were equally influenced. The two lowest austenite-finish temperature wires (27 degrees C CuNiTi and NiTi) approximately tripled in i(corr) from 37 to 45 degrees C. Greater incidence of pitting was observed in the CuNiTi wires. SIGNIFICANCE:This study showed the corrosion rate of various nickel-titanium wires increase with temperature and different phases present may influence corrosion rate trends.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are widely used in cosmetic products such as preservatives, colorants and sunscreens. This study investigated the genotoxicity of Au NPs, Ag NPs, ZnO NPs and TiO2 NPs using the SOS chromotest with Escherichia coli PQ37. The maximum exposure concentrations for each nanoparticle were 3.23 mg l(-1) for Au NPs, 32.3 mg l(-1) for Ag NPs and 100 mg l(-1) for ZnO NPs and TiO2 NPs. Additionally, in order to compare the genotoxicity of nanoparticles and corresponding dissolved ions, the ions were assessed in the same way as nanoparticles. The genotoxicity of the titanium ion was not assessed because of the extremely low solubility of TiO2 NPs. Au NPs, Ag NPs, ZnO NPs, TiO2 NPs and ions of Au, Ag and Zn, in a range of tested concentrations, exerted no effects in the SOS chromotest, evidenced by maximum IF (IFmax) values of below 1.5 for all chemicals. Owing to the results, nanosized Au NPs, Ag NPs, ZnO NPs, TiO2 NPs and ions of Au, Ag and Zn are classified as non-genotoxic on the basis of the SOS chromotest used in this study. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the genotoxicity of Au NPs, Ag NPs, ZnO NPs and TiO2 NPs using the SOS chromotest.

背景与目标： 金纳米粒子 (Au NPs) 、银纳米粒子 (Ag NPs) 、氧化锌纳米粒子 (ZnO NPs) 和二氧化钛纳米粒子 (TiO2 NPs) 广泛用于化妆品，如防腐剂、着色剂和防晒霜。本研究使用大肠杆菌pq37的SOS色测法研究了Au NPs，Ag NPs，ZnO NPs和TiO2 NPs的遗传毒性。对于Au NPs，每种纳米颗粒的最大暴露浓度为3.23  mg  l(-1)，对于Ag NPs为32.3  mg  l(-1)，对于ZnO NPs和TiO2 NPs为100  mg  l(-1)。此外，为了比较纳米颗粒和相应溶解离子的遗传毒性，以与纳米颗粒相同的方式评估离子。由于TiO2 NPs的溶解度极低，因此未评估钛离子的遗传毒性。在测试浓度范围内的Au NPs、Ag NPs、ZnO NPs、tio2nps和Au、Ag和Zn的离子在SOS色度测试中没有影响，所有化学品的最大IF (IFmax) 值低于1.5证明。根据结果，根据本研究中使用的SOS色度，将纳米级的Au NPs，Ag NPs，ZnO NPs，TiO2 NPs以及Au，Ag和Zn的离子分类为非遗传毒性。据我们所知，这是第一项使用SOS色度测试评估Au NPs，Ag NPs，ZnO NPs和TiO2 NPs的遗传毒性的研究。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:To compare the results of ossicular chain reconstruction using hydroxyapatite (HA) and titanium (TI) prostheses. STUDY DESIGN:Retrospective study and case series. SETTING:Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS:One hundred sixty-eight patients presenting chronic otitis media with or without cholesteatoma. INTERVENTION:Ossiculoplasty using partial or total HA and TI ossicular replacement prostheses (TORP and PORP, respectively). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Patients were assessed at 2 months postoperatively to establish short-term results. Results of treatment for conductive hearing loss were reported according to guidelines. Available audiometric data at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years were used to assess prosthesis stability. Average postoperative air-conduction gain, air-bone gap, and sensorineural hearing level were measured at four frequencies: 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz. Statistical analyses compared outcomes for HA TORP versus TI TORP and HA PORP versus TI PORP. RESULTS:Postoperative air-bone gap of less than 20 dB was obtained in 50% of HA TORP versus 45.8% of TI TORP cases and in 63.2% of HA PORP versus 72% of TI PORP cases. Preoperative middle ear status and presence/absence of malleus significantly influenced postoperative audiometric results. All types of prosthesis demonstrated significant postoperative air-conduction gain decrease on follow-up. Prosthesis exclusion was observed in three cases (1.78%). CONCLUSION:Prostheses using both types of biomaterial gave good functional results and stability with low exclusion rates, with no statistically significant differences between the two. Trends could be observed for slightly better results for HA in total reconstruction and for TI in partial reconstruction. The degradation in postoperative functional gain seemed to be independent of prosthesis type.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Protein tyrosine nitration is a prevalent post-translational modification which occurs as a result of oxidative and nitrative stress, it may be directly involved in the onset and/or progression of diseases. Considering the existence of nano titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) in environment and sunscreen products along with the high content of nitrite in sweat, the UV-exposed skin may be a significant target for the photosensitized damage. In this paper, tyrosine nitration of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was initiated in the UV-irradiated reaction mixture containing 0.2-3.0mg/ml of three commercially nano TiO(2) products and 0.25-1.0mM NO2-. It was found that anatase TiO(2) and Degussa P25 TiO(2) showed prominent photocatalytic activity on promoting the formation of protein tyrosine nitration, and the optimum condition for the reaction was around physiological pH. Meanwhile, the photocatalytic effect of rutile on protein tyrosine nitration was subtle. The potential physiological significance of nano TiO(2)-photocatalytic protein nitration was also demonstrated in mouse skin homogenate. Although the relationship between photocatalytic protein tyrosine nitration and chronic cutaneous diseases needs further study, the toxicity of nano TiO(2) to the skin disease should be paid more attention in the production and utilization process.

背景与目标： : 蛋白质酪氨酸硝化是一种普遍的翻译后修饰，由于氧化和硝化应激而发生，它可能直接参与疾病的发生和/或进展。考虑到环境和防晒产品中存在纳米二氧化钛 (TiO(2))，同时汗液中亚硝酸盐含量高，紫外线暴露的皮肤可能是光敏损伤的重要目标。本文在含有0.2-3.0mg/ml三种商业纳米TiO(2) 产物和0.25-1.0毫米NO2-的UV辐照反应混合物中引发了牛血清白蛋白 (BSA) 的酪氨酸硝化反应。发现锐钛矿型TiO(2) 和Degussa P25 TiO(2) 对促进蛋白质酪氨酸硝化形成具有显着的光催化活性，反应的最佳条件是在生理pH附近。同时，金红石对蛋白质酪氨酸硝化的光催化作用微妙。在小鼠皮肤匀浆中也证明了纳米TiO(2)-光催化蛋白硝化的潜在生理意义。尽管光催化蛋白酪氨酸硝化与慢性皮肤病的关系有待进一步研究，但纳米TiO(2) 对皮肤病的毒性在生产和利用过程中应引起重视。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) including WS2, MoS2, WSe2 and WS2, are two-dimensional semiconductors with direct bandgap, providing an excellent field for exploration of many-body effects in 2-dimensions (2D) through optical measurements. To fully explore the physics of TMDCs, the prerequisite is preparation of high-quality samples to observe their intrinsic properties. For this purpose, we have focused on high-quality samples, WS2 grown by chemical vapor deposition method with hexagonal boron nitride as substrates. We observed sharp exciton emissions, whose linewidth is typically 22~23 meV, in photoluminescence spectra at room temperature, which result clearly demonstrates the high-quality of the current samples. We found that biexcitons formed with extremely low-excitation power (240 W/cm2) at 80 K, and this should originate from the minimal amount of localization centers in the present high-quality samples. The results clearly demonstrate that the present samples can provide an excellent field, where one can observe various excitonic states, offering possibility of exploring optical physics in 2D and finding new condensates.

背景与目标： : 包括WS2，MoS2，WSe2和WS2在内的单层过渡金属二卤化物 (TMDCs) 是具有直接带隙的二维半导体，为通过光学测量探索二维 (2D) 的多体效应提供了极好的领域。要充分探索TMDCs的物理原理，前提是准备高质量的样品以观察其固有特性。为此，我们专注于高质量的样品，WS2通过化学气相沉积法以六方氮化硼为基底生长。我们在室温下的光致发光光谱中观察到明显的激子发射，其线宽通常为22〜23  meV，结果清楚地表明了当前样品的高质量。我们发现双激子在80  K时具有极低的激发功率 (240  W/cm2)，这应该源于目前高质量样品中最小的定位中心。结果清楚地表明，本样品可以提供一个极好的领域，可以观察到各种激子态，为探索2D光学物理和寻找新的冷凝物提供了可能性。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of nanoscale wear particles derived from titanium/titanium alloy-based implants on integration of bone. Here we report the potential impact of titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from the cellular level to the molecular level in the Wistar rat. METHODS:A series of TiO2 nanoparticles (14 nm, 108 nm, and 196 nm) were synthesized and characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. RESULTS:The TiO2 nanoparticles had negative effects on cell viability, proliferation, and the cell cycle of MSC in a dose-dependent and size-dependent manner. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to investigate the effects of particle internalization on adhesion, spreading, and morphology of MSC. The integrity of the cell membrane, cytoskeleton, and vinculin of MSC were negatively influenced by large TiO2 nanoparticles. CONCLUSION:The Transwell migration assay and a wound healing model suggested that TiO2 nanoparticles had a strong adverse impact on cell migration as particle size increased (P < 0.01). Furthermore, alkaline phosphatase, gene expression of osteocalcin (OC) and osteopontin (OPN), and mineralization measurements indicate that the size of the TiO2 nanoparticles negatively affected osteogenic differentiation of MSC.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Titanium is a material commonly used for dental and orthopaedic implants. However, due to large differences in properties between the titanium metal and the natural bone, stress shielding has been observed in the surrounding area, resulting in bone atrophy, and thus has raised concerns of the use of this material. Ideally implant materials should possess similar properties to the surrounding tissues in order to distribute the load as the joint would naturally, while also possessing a similar porous structure to the bone to enable interaction with the surrounding material. In this paper we report the formation of aligned porous titanium alloy scaffolds with the use of unidirectional freeze casting with a temperature gradient. The resulting scaffolds had a dense bottom part with sufficient strength for loading, while the top part remaining porous in order to allow bone growth in the scaffold and fully integrating with the surrounding tissue. The anisotropic nature of the pores within the titanium alloy samples were observed via micro computed tomography, where a gradient structure similar to bone was observed. The compressive strength of the fabricated scaffolds was found to be up to 427 MPa when measured with the pores aligned with the applied load, depending on the pore density. This is within the range of cortical bone.

背景与目标： : 钛是一种常用于牙科和骨科植入物的材料。但是，由于钛金属与天然骨之间的性能差异很大，因此在周围区域观察到应力屏蔽，从而导致骨萎缩，因此引起了对该材料使用的担忧。理想情况下，植入物材料应具有与周围组织相似的特性，以便像关节自然地分配负载，同时还具有与骨骼相似的多孔结构，以实现与周围材料的相互作用。在本文中，我们报告了使用温度梯度的单向冷冻铸造形成对准的多孔钛合金支架。所得支架具有致密的底部，具有足够的强度以进行加载，而顶部保持多孔，以允许支架中的骨生长并与周围组织完全结合。通过微计算机断层扫描观察钛合金样品中孔的各向异性，其中观察到类似于骨骼的梯度结构。根据孔密度，当用与施加的载荷对齐的孔测量时，发现制造的支架的抗压强度高达427 mpa mpa。这是在皮质骨的范围内。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Despite tremendous progress in the design and manufacturing of metallic implants, they do not outlive the patient. To illustrate, more than half of hip replacements will fail, mainly due to implant infection and loosening. Surface engineering approaches and, in particular, coatings can facilitate implant bio-functionality via the recruitment of more host cells for new bone formation and inhibition of bacterial colonization. Here, we used electrophoretic deposition to apply a silk fibroin solution consisting of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and vancomycin as a coating on the surface of additively-manufactured porous titanium. Furthermore, the surface properties of the coatings developed and the release kinetics of the vancomycin were studied to evaluate the applied coating. The in vitro antibacterial behavior of the multifunctional coating, as well as the cell viability and osteogenic differentiation of the MC3T3-E1 cell line were extensively studied. The biomaterials developed exhibited an antibacterial behavior with a reduction of up to four orders of magnitude in both planktonic and adherent bacteria for 6 h and 1 d. A live-dead assay, the Alamar Blue activity, the DNA content, and cytoskeleton staining demonstrated a significant increase in the cell density of the coated groups versus the as-manufactured ones. The significantly enhanced calcium deposition and the increase in mineralization for the groups with TCP after 21 and 28 d, respectively, demonstrate upregulation of the MC3T3 cells' osteogenic differentiation. Our results collectively show that the multifunctional coating studied here can be potentially used to develop a new generation of orthopedic implants.

背景与目标： : 尽管在金属植入物的设计和制造方面取得了巨大进步，但它们并没有超过患者。举例来说，一半以上的髋关节置换会失败，主要是由于植入物感染和松动。表面工程方法，特别是涂层可以通过募集更多的宿主细胞以促进新的骨形成和抑制细菌定植来促进植入物的生物功能。在这里，我们使用电泳沉积将由磷酸三钙 (TCP) 和万古霉素组成的丝素蛋白溶液作为涂层涂在增材制造的多孔钛的表面上。此外，还研究了所开发涂层的表面性能和万古霉素的释放动力学，以评估所施加的涂层。广泛研究了多功能涂层的体外抗菌行为以及MC3T3-E1细胞系的细胞活力和成骨分化。开发的生物材料在6小时和1 d的浮游细菌和粘附细菌中均表现出抗菌行为，最多可降低四个数量级。活死试验，Alamar Blue活性，DNA含量，细胞骨架染色表明，与生产的基团相比，包被基团的细胞密度显着增加。分别在21和28 d后，具有TCP的基团的钙沉积显着增强和矿化增加，表明MC3T3细胞的成骨分化上调。我们的结果共同表明，此处研究的多功能涂层可以潜在地用于开发新一代的骨科植入物。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We present our experience with a retrograde supracondylar nail used for the management of fractures of the distal femur in elderly patients. Eighteen fractures of the distal femur in 18 patients were treated with AIM titanium supracondylar nails. Sixteen patients with a median age of 83 years (62-100 years) were finally available for review. All 16 fractures were classified as extra-articular type A according to the AO classification. The average operative time was 58 min. Follow up ranged between 4 and 35 months (average 20.4 months). Fifteen fractures (93.7%) united in an average duration of 3.6 months. The average range of motion achieved at the knee was 100. 6 degrees. There were no implant failures, knee sepsis or wound healing problems. One non-union and two stress fractures of the femur above the nail were the main complications in this series. We concluded that the AIM titanium supracondylar nail is a useful alternative implant for the management of the osteoporotic fractures of the distal femur particularly the extra-articular AO type A fracture in the elderly population.

背景与目标： : 我们介绍了用于治疗老年患者股骨远端骨折的逆行con上钉的经验。用AIM钛con上钉治疗18例股骨远端18例骨折。最终有16例中位年龄为83岁 (62-100岁) 的患者可供审查。根据AO分类，所有16例骨折均被分类为关节外a型。平均手术时间为58分钟。随访时间为4 ~ 35个月 (平均20.4个月)。15例骨折 (93.7%) 合并，平均持续时间为3.6个月。在膝盖处实现的平均运动范围为100。6度。没有植入物失败，膝盖败血症或伤口愈合问题。该系列的主要并发症是指甲上方股骨的一个不愈合和两个应力性骨折。我们得出的结论是，AIM钛con上钉是一种有用的替代植入物，可用于治疗股骨远端骨质疏松性骨折，尤其是老年人群关节外AO a型骨折。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The effects of surface modifications and bacteria on the corrosion behavior of titanium have been studied. Five surface modifications were analyzed: two acid etchings (op V, op N), acid etching + anodic oxidation (op NT), sandblasting + acid etching (SLA), and machined surfaces (mach). The corrosion behavior of the surface modifications was evaluated by following the standard ANSI/AAMI/ISO 10993-15:2000. Cyclic potentiodynamic and potentiostatic anodic polarization tests and ion release by ICP-OES after immersion for 7 days in 0.9% NaCl were carried out. Microbiologically induced corrosion (MIC) of low and high roughness (mach, op V) was assessed in situ by electrochemical techniques. Streptococcus mutans bacteria were resuspended in PBS at a concentration of 3 × 108 bacteria mL-1 and maintained at 37°C. MIC was measured through the open circuit potential, Eoc , and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy from 2 to 28 days. Potentiodynamic curves showed the typical passive behavior for all the surface modifications. The titanium ion release after immersion was below 3 ppb. In situ bacteria monitoring showed the decrease in Eoc from -0.065 (SD 0.067) Vvs. Ag/AgCl in mach and -0.115 (SD 0.084) Vvs. Ag/AgCl in op V, to -0.333 (SD 0.147) Vvs. Ag/AgCl in mach and -0.263 (SD 0.005) Vvs. Ag/AgCl in op V, after 2 and 28 days, respectively. A reduction of the oxide film resistance, especially in op V (54 MΩ cm2 and 6 MΩ cm2 , after 2 and 28 days, respectively) could be seen. Streptococcus mutans negatively affected the corrosion resistance of titanium. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 997-1009, 2018.

背景与目标： : 研究了表面改性和细菌对钛腐蚀行为的影响。分析了五种表面改性: 两种酸蚀刻 (op V，op N)，酸蚀刻    阳极氧化 (op NT)，沙化    酸蚀刻 (SLA) 和机加工表面 (mach)。通过遵循标准ANSI/AAMI/iso10993-15:2000评价表面改性的腐蚀行为。在0.9% NaCl中浸泡7天后，进行了循环电位动力学和恒电位阳极极化测试以及icp-oes的离子释放。通过电化学技术原位评估了低粗糙度和高粗糙度 (mach，op V) 的微生物诱导腐蚀 (MIC)。将变形链球菌细菌以3 × 108的浓度重悬于PBS中，mL-1并保持在37 °C。MIC是通过开路电位，Eoc和电化学阻抗谱从2到28天进行测量的。电位动力学曲线显示了所有表面修饰的典型被动行为。浸泡后钛离子释放量低于3 ppb。原位细菌监测显示-0.065 (SD 0.067) Vvs的Eoc降低。马赫数和-0.115 (SD 0.084) Vvs中的Ag/AgCl。op V中的Ag/AgCl，0.333 (SD 0.147) Vvs。马赫数和-0.263 (SD 0.005) Vvs中的Ag/AgCl。Ag/AgCl在op V中，分别在2天和28天后。可以看到氧化膜电阻的降低，尤其是在op V (分别在2天和28天后分别为54mΩ cm2和6mΩ cm2) 中。变形链球菌对钛的耐腐蚀性产生负面影响。©2017威利期刊公司J Biomed Mater Res B部分: 应用Biomater，106B: 997-1009，2018。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The surface characteristics of biomaterials can influence protein adsorption, cellular functions, and ultimately tissue formation. Controlled chemical oxidation of titanium-based surfaces with a mixture of H(2)SO(4)/H(2)O(2) creates a nanopatterned surface that has been shown to affect early osteogenic events. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect over time of this nanopattern on various key parameters of osteogenesis, and determine whether these effects ultimately translate into more mineralized matrix production. Osteogenic cells were obtained by enzymatic digestion of newborn rat calvaria and grown on treated and untreated titanium discs for periods of up to 14 days. Alkaline phosphatase activity peaked earlier and cell number was higher as of day 7 on the nanopatterned discs. Immunofluorescence showed that the treated surface favored early bone sialoprotein and osteopontin secretion, and fibronectin accumulation. Alizarin red staining revealed that, at days 10 and 14, there were significantly more mineralized nodules on treated than on untreated discs. These results demonstrate that simple chemical treatment of titanium with H(2)SO(4)/H(2)O(2) accelerates the in vitro osteogenic potential of calvaria-derived cells. They also suggest that this treatment may represent an advantageous approach for producing "intelligent surfaces" that stimulate bone formation and enhance bone-implant contact.

背景与目标： : 生物材料的表面特性会影响蛋白质的吸附，细胞功能，并最终影响组织的形成。用H(2)SO(4)/H(2)O(2) 的混合物对钛基表面进行受控的化学氧化会产生纳米图案表面，该表面已被证明会影响早期的成骨事件。这项研究的目的是评估这种纳米图案随时间的推移对成骨的各种关键参数的影响，并确定这些影响是否最终转化为更矿化的基质生产。通过酶消化新生大鼠颅骨获得成骨细胞，并在处理和未处理的钛盘上生长长达14天。从第7天开始，纳米片上的碱性磷酸酶活性较早达到峰值，细胞数更高。免疫荧光显示，处理过的表面有利于早期骨唾液酸蛋白和骨桥蛋白的分泌以及纤连蛋白的积累。茜素红染色显示，在第10天和第14天，与未处理的椎间盘相比，处理过的矿化结节明显更多。这些结果表明，用H(2)SO(4)/H(2)O(2) 对钛进行简单的化学处理可加速颅盖源细胞的体外成骨潜力。他们还建议，这种治疗方法可能代表了产生 “智能表面” 的有利方法，该 “智能表面” 可刺激骨骼形成并增强骨骼与植入物的接触。