BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The yeast S. cerevisiae is a central model organism in eukaryotic cell studies and a major component in many food and biotechnological industrial processes. However, the wide knowledge regarding genetics and molecular biology of S. cerevisiae is based on an extremely narrow range of strains. Studies of natural populations of S. cerevisiae, not associated with human activities or industrial fermentation environments, are very few. We isolated a panel of S. cerevisiae strains from a natural microsite, "Evolution Canyon" at Mount Carmel, Israel, and studied their genomic biodiversity. Analysis of 19 microsatellite loci revealed high allelic diversity and variation in ploidy level across the panel, from diploids to tetraploids, confirmed by flow cytometry. No significant differences were found in the level of microsatellite variation between strains derived from the major localities or microniches, whereas strains of different ploidy showed low similarity in allele content. Maximum genetic diversity was observed among diploids and minimum among triploids. Phylogenetic analysis revealed clonal, rather than sexual, structure of the triploid and tetraploid subpopulations. Viability tests in tetrad analysis also suggest that clonal reproduction may predominate in the polyploid subpopulations.

背景与目标： : 酵母酿酒酵母是真核细胞研究中的中心模式生物，也是许多食品和生物技术工业过程中的主要组成部分。然而，关于酿酒酵母的遗传学和分子生物学的广泛知识是基于极其狭窄的菌株范围。与人类活动或工业发酵环境无关的酿酒酵母自然种群研究很少。我们从以色列卡梅尔山的自然微位点 “进化峡谷” 中分离了一组酿酒酵母菌株，并研究了它们的基因组生物多样性。对19个微卫星基因座的分析显示，从二倍体到四倍体，整个面板的等位基因多样性和倍性水平变化很高，通过流式细胞术证实。在来自主要地区或微型物种的菌株之间的微卫星变异水平上没有发现显着差异，而不同倍性的菌株在等位基因含量上显示出较低的相似性。在二倍体中观察到最大的遗传多样性，在三倍体中观察到最小。系统发育分析显示，三倍体和四倍体亚群的克隆而非性结构。tetrad分析中的生存力测试还表明，克隆繁殖可能在多倍体亚群中占主导地位。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Parents play an important role in the sexual health of their adolescent children. Based on previous research, formative research, and theories of behavioral change, we developed Talking Parents, Healthy Teens, an intervention designed to help parents improve communication with their adolescent children, promote healthy adolescent sexual development, and reduce adolescent sexual risk behaviors. We conduct the parenting program at worksites to facilitate recruitment and retention of participants. The program consists of 8 weekly 1-hour sessions during the lunch hour. In this article, we review the literature that identifies parental influences on adolescent sexual behavior, summarize our formative research, present the theoretical framework we used to develop Talking Parents, Healthy Teens, describe the program's components and intervention strategies, and offer recommendations based on our experiences developing the program. By targeting parents at their worksites, this program represents an innovative approach to promoting adolescent sexual health. This article is intended to be helpful to health educators and clinicians designing programs for parents, employers implementing health-related programs, and researchers who may consider designing and evaluating such worksite-based programs.

背景与目标： : 父母在青春期孩子的性健康中起着重要作用。基于先前的研究，形成性研究和行为改变理论，我们开发了会说话的父母，健康的青少年，这种干预措施旨在帮助父母改善与青春期孩子的沟通，促进健康的青春期性发展，并减少青春期的性风险行为。我们在工作场所开展育儿计划，以促进招募和留住参与者。该计划包括午餐时间每周8个1小时的课程。在本文中，我们回顾了确定父母对青少年性行为的影响的文献，总结了我们的形成性研究，提出了我们用来培养会说话的父母，健康的青少年的理论框架，描述了该计划的组成部分和干预策略，并根据我们的经验提供了建议开发该计划。通过针对工作场所的父母，该计划代表了一种促进青少年性健康的创新方法。本文旨在帮助健康教育者和临床医生为父母，实施健康相关计划的雇主以及可能考虑设计和评估此类基于工作现场的计划的研究人员设计计划。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:This study assessed social and behavioural predictors for sexual risk taking and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV among adolescent female sex workers (FSWs) from Kunming, China. Additionally, health services needs and use were assessed. METHODS:A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2010. Using snowball and convenience sampling, self-identified FSWs were recruited from four urban areas in Kunming. Women consenting to participate were administered a semi-structured questionnaire by trained interviewers identified from local peer-support organisations. Following interview, a gynaecological examination and biological sampling to identify potential STIs were undertaken. Descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS:Adolescent FSWs had a mean age of 18.2 years and reported numerous non-paying sexual partners with very low rate of consistent condom use (22.2%). Half (50.3%) the respondents had sex while feeling drunk at least once in the past week, of whom 56.4% did not use condom protection. STI prevalence was high overall (30.4%) among this group. Younger age, early sexual debut, being isolated from schools and family, short duration in sex work, and use of illicit drugs were found to be strong predictors for unprotected sex and presence of an STI. Conversely, having access to condom promotion, free HIV counselling and testing, and peer education were associated with less unprotected sex. The majority reported a need for health knowledge, free condoms and low-cost STI diagnosis and treatment. CONCLUSIONS:There is an urgent need to improve coverage, accessibility and efficiency of existing interventions targeting adolescent FSWs.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Vulvovaginitis is the most frequent gynecologic pathology among prepubertal females. An infectious cause is found in 30% of cases and is highly associated with the presence of vaginal discharge upon examination. Neisseria gonorrhoeae may be one of the causative agents. Since N. gonorrhoeae is a common sexually transmitted disease, sexual abuse should be considered in the pediatric setting. We report the case of a 5-year-old girl with N. gonorrhoeae vulvovaginitis. Her previous history, multiple interviews with the patient and her parents, and clinical examination showed no evidence or signs of sexual abuse. Both parents presented gonorrhea, urethritis for the father and vaginitis for the mother. The discrepancy between pediatric evaluation and the presence of a bacterium associated with sexually transmitted disease led us to consider other means of contamination. Previous studies have shown that other routes of transmission are possible but are often neglected. Hence, contamination can be transmitted by the hands or mostly through passive means (towels, rectal thermometer, etc.). Many epidemics have been noted in group settings with young girls with no evidence of sexual transmission. Therefore, we concluded that this patient's infection was likely an accidental transmission within her family. The acknowledgement of these transmission routes is very important in order to avoid misguided suspicion of sexual abuse and the possible traumatic family and psychosocial consequences.

背景与目标： : 外阴阴道炎是青春期前女性中最常见的妇科病理。在30% 病例中发现了感染原因，并且在检查时与阴道分泌物的存在高度相关。淋球菌可能是病原体之一。由于淋球菌是一种常见的性传播疾病，因此在儿科环境中应考虑性虐待。我们报告了一名5岁女孩患有淋球菌性外阴阴道炎的病例。她以前的病史，对患者及其父母的多次采访以及临床检查都没有发现性虐待的证据或迹象。父母双方都患有淋病，父亲患有尿道炎，母亲患有阴道炎。儿科评估与与性传播疾病相关的细菌之间的差异使我们考虑了其他污染手段。先前的研究表明，其他传播途径是可能的，但通常被忽略。因此，污染可以通过手或主要通过被动手段 (毛巾，直肠温度计等) 传播。在没有性传播证据的年轻女孩的团体环境中，已经发现了许多流行病。因此，我们得出结论，该患者的感染可能是其家庭内部的意外传播。为了避免对性虐待的误导怀疑以及可能造成的家庭和社会心理后果，承认这些传播途径非常重要。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:To examine associations between sleep duration and health outcomes among distinct groups of sexual minority adults. METHODS:Using data from the 2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we compared sleep duration (very short: ≤ 5 hr; short: 6 hr; normal: 7-8 hr; and long: ≥ 9 hr per day) between cisgender straight adults and distinct groups of sexual minorities. We further examined associations between sleep duration and 10 chronic health conditions among sexual minorities. RESULTS:Of 146,893 respondents, 142,507 (96.2%) were cisgender straight, and 4,386 (3.8%) were lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT). Overall, 17.3% of LGBT respondents reported very short sleep per day, compared with 12.2% for cisgender straight respondents (p < 0.0001). Among LGBT populations, the prevalence of very short sleep varied significantly among distinct groups, ranging from 13.2% among transgender female to male adults to 35.5% among transgender gender nonconforming adults. Very short sleep was further associated with increased odds of having stroke (aOR = 4.1, 95% CI [2.2-7.6]), heart attack (aOR = 3.0, CI [1.6-5.8]), coronary heart disease (aOR = 3.1, 95% CI [1.5-6.2]), asthma (aOR = 1.7, 95% CI [1.1-2.4]), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aOR = 2.5, CI [1.5-4.0]), arthritis (aOR = 2.1, CI [1.4-3.0]), and cancer (aOR = 1.8, 95% CI [1.0-3.2]) among sexual minorities. Disparities in the prevalence of stroke, heart attack, coronary health disease, COPD, diabetes, obesity, arthritis, and cancer were found among LGBT populations. CONCLUSIONS:Sexual minorities have a higher prevalence of sleep deprivation as compared with their straight counterparts. Sleep deprivation varies by sexual identity and gender. Very short sleep duration is associated with some chronic health conditions among LGBT populations. Promotion of sleep health education and routine medical assessment of sleep disorders are critically needed for sexual minority adults.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :This study investigated the dynamics of Aspergillus fumigatus azole-resistant phenotypes in two compost heaps with contrasting azole exposures: azole free and azole exposed. After heat shock, to which sexual but not asexual spores are highly resistant, the azole-free compost yielded 98% (49/50) wild-type and 2% (1/50) azole-resistant isolates, whereas the azole-containing compost yielded 9% (4/45) wild-type and 91% (41/45) resistant isolates. From the latter compost, 80% (36/45) of the isolates contained the TR46/Y121F/T289A genotype, 2% (1/45) harbored the TR46/Y121F/M172I/T289A/G448S genotype, and 9% (4/45) had a novel pan-triazole-resistant mutation (TR463/Y121F/M172I/T289A/G448S) with a triple 46-bp promoter repeat. Subsequent screening of a representative set of clinical A. fumigatus isolates showed that the novel TR463 mutant was already present in samples from three Dutch medical centers collected since 2012. Furthermore, a second new resistance mutation was found in this set that harbored four TR46 repeats. Importantly, in the laboratory, we recovered the TR463 mutation from a sexual cross between two TR46 isolates from the same azole-containing compost, possibly through unequal crossing over between the double tandem repeats (TRs) during meiosis. This possible role of sexual reproduction in the emergence of the mutation was further implicated by the high level of genetic diversity of STR genotypes in the azole-containing compost. Our study confirms that azole resistance mutations continue to emerge in the environment and indicates compost containing azole residues as a possible hot spot. Better insight into the biology of environmental resistance selection is needed to retain the azole class for use in food production and treatment of Aspergillus diseases.IMPORTANCE Composting of organic matter containing azole residues might be important for resistance development and subsequent spread of resistance mutations in Aspergillus fumigatus In this article, we show the dominance of azole-resistant A. fumigatus in azole-exposed compost and the discovery of a new resistance mutation with clinical relevance. Furthermore, our study indicates that current fungicide application is not sustainable as new resistance mutations continue to emerge, thereby threatening the use of triazoles in medicine. We provide evidence that the sexual part of the fungal life cycle may play a role in the emergence of resistance mutations because under laboratory conditions, we reconstructed the resistance mutation through sexual crossing of two azole-resistant A. fumigatus isolates derived from the same compost heap. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance selection in the environment is needed to design strategies against the accumulation of resistance mutations in order to retain the azole class for crop protection and treatment of Aspergillus diseases.

背景与目标： : 这项研究调查了烟曲霉抗唑表型在两个具有相反唑暴露的堆肥堆中的动力学: 无唑和暴露的唑。热休克后，有性但非无性孢子对其具有高度抗性，无唑堆肥产生98% (49/50) 野生型和2% (1/50) 耐唑分离株，而含唑堆肥产生9% (4/45) 野生型和91% (41/45) 抗性分离株。从后者的堆肥中，80% (36/45) 分离株含有TR46/Y121F/T289A基因型，2% (1/45) 含有TR46/Y121F/M172I/T289A/G448S基因型，9% (4/45) 具有新的泛三唑耐药突变 (TR463/Y121F/M172I/T289A/G448S)，具有三重46bp启动子重复。随后对一组代表性的临床烟曲霉分离株的筛选表明，新的TR463突变体已经存在于2012年收集的三个荷兰医疗中心的样品中。此外，在该组中发现了第二个新的抗性突变，其中包含四个TR46重复序列。重要的是，在实验室中，我们从来自同一含唑的堆肥的两个TR46分离株之间的有性杂交中恢复了TR463突变，可能是通过减数分裂期间双串联重复序列 (TRs) 之间的不相等杂交。含唑的堆肥中STR基因型的高度遗传多样性进一步暗示了有性生殖在突变出现中的可能作用。我们的研究证实，环境中继续出现唑类抗性突变，并表明含有唑类残基的堆肥可能是热点。需要更好地了解环境抗性选择的生物学，以保留用于食品生产和曲霉菌病治疗的唑类。含有唑残留的有机物堆肥的重要性对于烟曲霉的抗性发展和随后的抗性突变的传播可能是重要的。我们显示了在暴露于唑的堆肥中抗唑的烟曲霉的优势，并发现了具有临床相关性的新抗性突变。此外，我们的研究表明，随着新的抗性突变的不断出现，当前的杀菌剂应用是不可持续的，从而威胁到三唑在医学中的使用。我们提供的证据表明，真菌生命周期的有性部分可能在抗性突变的出现中起作用，因为在实验室条件下，我们通过来自同一堆肥堆的两种抗唑性烟曲霉分离株的有性杂交重建了抗性突变。需要了解环境中抗性选择的机制，以设计针对抗性突变积累的策略，以便保留azole类别以保护作物和治疗曲霉菌病。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Understanding situations that increase HIV risk among men who have sex with men (MSM) requires consideration of the context in which risky behaviors occur. Relationships are one such context. This study examines the presence and predictors of unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) in the past 3 months among 566 MSM couples. A majority of couples allowed sex with outside partners. Overall, 65% of the sample engaged in UAI with primary partner, including nearly half of discordant couples. Positive relationship factors, such as attachment and intimacy, were associated with an increased likelihood of UAI with primary partner. Meanwhile, 22% of the sample engaged in at least one episode of UAI with an outside partner, half of whom were discordant or unknown HIV status outside partners. Higher levels of HIV-specific social support, equality, and sexual agreement investment were significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of engaging in UAI with a discordant or unknown HIV status outside partner. HIV-positive men in discordant relationships had two and one half times the odds of having UAI with a discordant or unknown HIV status outside partner as their HIV-negative partners. Many MSM in relationships, including some in serodiscordant ones, engage in UAI with primary partners. Potential explanations include relationship closeness, relationship length, and agreement type. In addition, relationship context appears to have a differential impact upon UAI with primary and outside partners, implying that prevention messages may need to be tailored for different types of couples. Prevention efforts involving MSM couples must take into account relationship characteristics as couples balance safer sex and HIV risk with intimacy and pleasure.

背景与目标： : 了解与男性发生性关系的男性 (MSM) 中增加艾滋病毒风险的情况，需要考虑发生危险行为的背景。关系就是这样一种背景。这项研究调查了566对MSM夫妇在过去3个月中无保护的肛门性交 (UAI) 的存在和预测因素。大多数夫妇允许与外部伴侣发生性关系。总体而言，65% 的样本与主要伴侣进行了UAI，包括近一半的不和谐夫妇。积极的关系因素，例如依恋和亲密关系，与主要伴侣发生UAI的可能性增加有关。同时，样本的22% 与外部伴侣进行了至少一次UAI发作，其中一半是外部伴侣不和谐或未知的HIV状态。较高水平的HIV特异性社会支持，平等和性协议投资与参与UAI的可能性降低显着相关。处于不和谐关系中的HIV阳性男性与不和谐或未知HIV状态的UAI作为其HIV阴性伴侣的可能性是UAI的两倍半。许多处于关系中的MSM，包括一些处于不和谐关系中的MSM，都与主要合作伙伴进行UAI。潜在的解释包括关系密切，关系长度和协议类型。此外，关系背景似乎对与主要和外部伴侣的UAI产生了不同的影响，这意味着可能需要为不同类型的夫妇量身定制预防信息。涉及MSM夫妇的预防工作必须考虑到关系特征，因为夫妇在更安全的性行为和艾滋病毒风险与亲密关系和愉悦之间取得平衡。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: UNLABELLED:This article summarizes the work done to adapt and to validate the short form of Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12) for its use in Spain. It will become the first validated questionnaire in this country for the evaluation of the sexual function in women with Pelvic Organ Prolapse and/or Urinary Incontinence. PATIENTS AND METHOD:49 women who visited a specialized unit with symptoms of pelvic floor were included. Patients filled in the Spanish version of the questionnaire to validate (PISQ-12), the Urinary Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ-UI-SF); the Female Sexual Function Questionnaire (FSM) and the Bladder Control Autoevaluation Questionnaire (CACV). Factibility, reliability and validity of the new questionnaire were evaluated. RESULTS:Factibility: 99.83% of the sample answered all the items (only one patient did not answer one of the items); average administration time 3.5 (1.5) minutes. RELIABILITY:Cronbach's alpha was 0,829. VALIDITY:PISQ-12 correlation with FSM was 0,71; with ICIQ-UI-SF it was -0,038; with the CACV "symptoms" dimension the correlation was -0,30 and with the "discomfort" dimension it was -0,40. The existence of the same three dimensions of the PISQ-12 original version in the adapted Spanish questionnaire is checked through a factorial analysis. The score in PISQ-12 was worse (lower) in the case of women with Hyperactive Bladder symptoms and discomfort measured with the CACV questionnaire and in women with sexual dysfunction measured with FSM. PISQ-12 is an instrument with the appropriate psychometric characteristics to evaluate sexual function in women with pelvic floor problems.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The paper describes the effect of different thermal treatments on the morphology and binding properties of particles prepared using a transacylation reaction between two biocompatible polymers, namely propylene glycol alginate and human serum albumin. Compared to control alginate gel microspheres, albumin-alginate covalent network offers a better resistance to the microspheres towards freezing, lyophilization and sterilization. The binding properties for methylene blue were not altered by the treatments. Moreover, stability in physiological environments opens interesting applications in biological and pharmaceutical fields.

背景与目标： : 本文描述了不同热处理对使用两种生物相容性聚合物 (海藻酸丙二醇和人血清白蛋白) 之间的烷基转移反应制备的颗粒的形态和结合性能的影响。与对照藻酸盐凝胶微球相比，白蛋白-藻酸盐共价网络对微球的冷冻，冻干和灭菌具有更好的抵抗力。处理不会改变亚甲基蓝的结合特性。此外，生理环境中的稳定性在生物和制药领域开启了有趣的应用。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :This investigation examined differences in symptom patterns of two different trauma samples using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2). MMPI-2s of 122 male combat veterans seeking outpatient treatment for combat-related PTSD were compared with those of 64 PTSD-diagnosed adults seeking outpatient treatment for the effects of child sexual abuse (CSA). We examined variables related to degree of health concerns, depression, somatization, anger and hostility, masculine-feminine traits, paranoid ideation, anxiety, difficulties thinking and concentrating, elevated mood, and social introversion, as well as test-taking attitude. MANOVAs revealed between-group differences on several variables. However, when analyses controlled for the effect of age, nearly all differences disappeared; the only remaining difference was in a scale measuring anger. Thus, it appears CSA survivors and combat veterans are much more similar than different in their clinical presentation on the MMPI-2. Conceptual issues in the assessment of PTSD are discussed.

背景与目标： : 这项调查使用明尼苏达州多相人格量表-2 (MMPI-2) 检查了两种不同创伤样本的症状模式差异。将122名寻求与战斗相关的PTSD进行门诊治疗的男性战斗退伍军人的MMPI-2s与64名经PTSD诊断为儿童性虐待 (CSA) 的门诊治疗的成年人进行了比较。我们研究了与健康问题程度，抑郁，躯体化，愤怒和敌意，男性女性特征，偏执观念，焦虑，思考和集中注意力的困难，情绪低落，社交内向以及应试态度有关的变量。MANOVAs揭示了几个变量的组间差异。但是，当分析控制了年龄的影响时，几乎所有差异都消失了。唯一剩下的差异是衡量愤怒的量表。因此，看来CSA幸存者和战斗退伍军人在MMPI-2上的临床表现要相似得多。讨论了PTSD评估中的概念问题。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of female sexual hormones on intestinal and serum cytokines following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Adult female rats were ovariectomized and distributed among the following 9 groups: (i) sham trauma, (ii) TBI (Marmarou's method), (iii) vehicle (dimethylsulfoxide) treated, (iv) estrogen (E2) treated, (v) progesterone (P) treated, (vi) treated with E2+P, (vii) propylpyrazole triol (PPT) treated, (viii) diarylpropionitrile (DPN) treated, and (ix) control. PPT and DPN are estrogen receptor αand β agonists, respectively. Serum and intestinal levels of interleukin (IL)-1β were increased by TBI (P < 0.001). The level of intestinal IL-1β was increased in the group treated with E2 (P < 0.001). There was a reduction in serum IL-1β (P < 0.01) and an increase in intestinal IL-1β level (P < 0.001) in the PPT-treated group compared with the vehicle-treated group. TBI reduced serum IL-6 (P < 0.01) and increased intestinal IL-6 (P < 0.001). Serum IL-6 was increased in the group treated with E2 (P < 0.001), P (P < 0.001), E2+P (P < 0.01), and DPN (P < 0.001) after TBI; however, intestinal IL-6 was higher in the E2-treated group compared with the vehicle-treated group (P < 0.01). Intestinal tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was increased by TBI (P < 0.001). Progesterone decreased serum TNF-α (P < 0.01). Intestinal TNF-α in the E2 (P < 0.01), E2+P (P < 0.001), and PPT (P < 0.001) treatment groups was less than in the vehicle-treated group. In conclusion, estrogen influences the intestinal levels of proinflammatory cytokines, in particular TNF-α, mediated through estrogen receptor α.

背景与目标： : 这项研究的目的是评估女性性激素对创伤性脑损伤 (TBI) 后肠道和血清细胞因子的影响。成年雌性大鼠卵巢切除并分布在以下9组中 :( i) 假创伤，(ii) TBI (Marmarou's方法)，(iii) 载体 (二甲基亚砜) 治疗，(iv) 雌激素 (E2) 治疗，(v) 孕激素 (P) 治疗，(vi) 用E2 P处理，(vii) 丙基吡唑三醇 (PPT) 处理，(viii) 二芳基丙腈 (DPN) 处理，以及 (ix) 对照。PPT和DPN分别是雌激素受体 α 和 β 激动剂。血清和肠道白细胞介素 (IL)-1β 水平升高 (P <0.001)。E2治疗组肠IL-1β 水平升高 (P <0.001)。与载体治疗组相比，PPT治疗组的血清IL-1β 降低 (P <0.01)，肠IL-1β 水平升高 (P <0.001)。TBI降低血清IL-6 (P <0.01)，增加肠道IL-6 (P <0.001)。TBI后，E2 (P <0.001)，P (P <0.001)，E2 P (P < 0.01) 和DPN (P < 0.001) 治疗组的血清IL-6升高; 但是，与载体治疗组相比，E2-treated组的肠道IL-6更高 (P <0.01)。TBI可使肠道肿瘤坏死因子 α (TNF-α) 升高 (P <0.001)。孕酮降低血清TNF-α (P <0.01)。E2 (P <0.01)，E2 P (P < 0.001) 和PPT (P < 0.001) 治疗组的肠道TNF-α 少于媒介物治疗组。总之，雌激素会影响通过雌激素受体 α 介导的促炎细胞因子 (尤其是TNF-α) 的肠道水平。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:To analyze factors predictive for changes in sexual function after pelvic floor surgery and explore differences between stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) surgery. DESIGN:Prospective observational study. SETTING:St Olav Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway. SAMPLE:Of 346 mailed questionnaires for women scheduled for SUI and POP surgery, 65 questionnaires were available for analysis together with examination findings before and 1 year after surgery. METHODS:Postal questionnaires including Prolapse and Incontinence Sexual Function Questionnaire (PISQ 12), Hopkins Symptom Checklist 5 for psychological distress, questions from the validated Body Image Questionnaire, a general health question, questions addressing goals for improvement after surgery, clinical findings based on the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification System and Brief Sexual Function Index for partners. Uni- and multivariate linear regressions adjusting for age were performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Change in PISQ 12 score at follow-up. RESULTS:Sexual function significantly improved in the total group (p = 0.000). After stratification into SUI and POP surgery, improvement only remained significant after SUI surgery (p = 0.001). Improvement for the total group was predicted by good health or coital incontinence, whereas psychological distress or the goal of improved defecation predicted deterioration. For women undergoing SUI surgery, increasing age, parity or the goal of improving sexuality or body image predicted improvement, while for women undergoing POP surgery, menopausal status or anterior colporrhaphy predicted improvement. CONCLUSION:Significantly improved sexuality was observed after pelvic floor surgery. Predictive factors for change differed for women undergoing SUI surgery and and those undergoing POP surgery.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Empirical studies suggest that childhood sexual abuse is associated with sexual revictimization by a male romantic partner in female survivors. Yet, the potential mechanisms underlying this association remain understudied. Past studies indicated that women childhood sexual abuse survivors report more sexual anxiety, which in turn was linked to an increased risk of sustaining sexual coercion. The current study, conducted with a sample of 448 adult women from the community, aimed to examine sexual anxiety as a potential mechanism in the association between childhood sexual abuse and sexual coercion sustained by women in heterosexual romantic relationships. Results from path analyses confirmed the indirect effect of sexual anxiety in the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and sexual coercion victimization. Findings indicated that childhood sexual abuse is associated with higher levels of sexual anxiety, which in turn, was linked to a higher frequency of sexual coercion experiences perpetrated by the romantic partner. This study contributes to a better understanding of the determinants of sexual violence against women and provides an empirical basis to better inform prevention initiatives and guide future interventions.

背景与目标： : 实证研究表明，儿童时期的性虐待与女性幸存者中男性浪漫伴侣的性伤害有关。然而，这种关联背后的潜在机制仍未得到充分研究。过去的研究表明，女性童年性虐待幸存者报告了更多的性焦虑，这反过来又与持续性胁迫的风险增加有关。当前的研究以来自社区的448名成年女性为样本，旨在研究性焦虑是儿童性虐待与异性恋浪漫关系中女性所遭受的性胁迫之间的潜在联系。路径分析的结果证实了性焦虑在儿童性虐待与性胁迫受害之间的间接影响。研究结果表明，儿童时期的性虐待与较高水平的性焦虑有关，而这又与浪漫伴侣进行的性胁迫经历的频率更高有关。这项研究有助于更好地了解对妇女的性暴力的决定因素，并为更好地为预防举措提供信息和指导未来的干预措施提供了经验基础。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Theoretical frameworks positing qualitatively distinct trajectories of posttrauma outcome have received initial empirical support, but have not been investigated in cases of severe interpersonal trauma. To address this limitation, we conducted latent class growth analysis with longitudinal data collected from 119 female sexual assault survivors at 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-months postassault. Participants' mean age was 33 years; 63% were White. We hypothesized that given the severity of exposure associated with sexual assault, resilience would not be the modal course of adaptation. Four distinct PTSD growth trajectories, representing unique latent classes of participants, best fit the data: a high chronic trajectory, a moderate chronic trajectory, a moderate recovery trajectory, and a marked recovery trajectory. Contrary to previous studies and recent theoretical models, resilience and resistance trajectories were not observed, as high levels of distress were evident in nearly all participants at 1-month postassault. These results suggest that theoretical models of posttrauma response positing resilience as the modal outcome may not generalize to cases of sexual assault.

背景与目标： : 提出定性不同的创伤后结果轨迹的理论框架已获得初步的经验支持，但尚未在严重的人际创伤病例中进行研究。为了解决这一局限性，我们使用从袭击后1、2、3和4个月的119名女性性侵犯幸存者那里收集的纵向数据进行了潜在类生长分析。参与者的平均年龄为33岁; 63% 为白人。我们假设，鉴于与性侵犯相关的暴露严重程度，韧性将不是适应的模式过程。代表独特的潜在参与者类别的四个不同的PTSD生长轨迹最适合数据: 高慢性轨迹，中度慢性轨迹，中度恢复轨迹和明显的恢复轨迹。与以前的研究和最近的理论模型相反，没有观察到弹性和抵抗力轨迹，因为在袭击后1个月的几乎所有参与者中都明显存在高水平的困扰。这些结果表明，将弹性作为模态结果的创伤后反应理论模型可能无法推广到性侵犯案件。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: -2

背景与目标： -2