BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In this study, we evaluate the nature of the relationship between particulate matter and total mercury concentrations. For this purpose, we estimate both of the two values in water column over 12-h tidal cycles of the Jade Bay, southern North Sea. Total particulate mercury in 250 mL water samples was determined by oxygen combustion-gold amalgamation. Mercury contents varied from 63 to 259 ng/g suspended particulate matter (SPM) or 3.5-52.8 ng/L in surface waters. Total particulate mercury content (THg(p)) was positively correlated with (SPM), indicating that mercury in tidal waters is mostly associated with (SPM), and that tidal variations of total particulate mercury are mainly due to changes in (SPM) content throughout the tidal cycle. Maximum values for THg(p) were observed during mid-flood and mid-ebb, while the lowest values were determined at low tide and high tide. These data suggest that there are no mercury point sources in the Jade Bay. Moreover, the THg(p) content at low tide and high tide were significantly lower than the values recorded in the bottom sediment of the sampling site (>200 ng/g DW), while THg(p) content during the mid-flood and mid-ebb were comparable to the THg content in the surface bottom sediments. Therefore, changes in THg(p) content in the water column due to tidal forcing may have resulted from re-suspension of underlying surface sediments with relatively high mercury content.

背景与目标： ：在这项研究中，我们评估了颗粒物与总汞浓度之间关系的性质。为此，我们估计了北海南部翡翠湾在12小时的潮汐周期中水柱中的两个值。 250毫升水样品中的总颗粒汞是通过氧气燃烧-金混合法测定的。地表水中的汞含量从63到259 ng / g悬浮颗粒物（SPM）或3.5-52.8 ng / L不等。总颗粒汞含量（THg（p））与（SPM）呈正相关，表明潮汐水中的汞主要与（SPM）相关，总颗粒汞的潮汐变化主要是由于（SPM）含量的变化整个潮汐周期。在洪水中期和退潮期间观测到THg（p）的最大值，而在退潮和退潮时确定的最小值为THg（p）。这些数据表明玉湾没有汞点源。此外，在退潮和退潮时的THg（p）含量明显低于采样点底部沉积物中记录的值（> 200 ng / g DW），而在洪水中期和中期则THg（p）含量潮起潮中期与表层底部沉积物中的THg含量相当。因此，潮汐强迫导致水柱中THg（p）含量的变化可能是由于重悬含汞量相对较高的下层表面沉积物而引起的。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Patient satisfaction, one of the main components of quality of care, is a crucial phenomenon for the overall health care delivery system. Even though a number of studies have been conducted about patient satisfaction in different health services, studies in radiology services are flimsy in Ethiopia. This study aimed at assessing patient satisfaction towards radiological service and associated factors in Hawassa University Teaching and Referral hospital. METHODS:An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among 321 adult patients presented for radiological service in the study area using stratified sampling technique. Patient satisfaction was measured using SERVQUAL (Service Quality) tool that consisted of seven items: accessibility, quality of radiological service, courtesy of radiology staff, existence of good communication with service provider and desk worker, physical environment and privacy technique. Exit interviews of patients were conducted using a structured and pretested questionnaire. Data was collected by three grade ten completed trained data collectors from May 12 to May 28, 2016. Multiple logistic regressions were used to identify independent factors associated with patient satisfaction on radiological services using SPSS version 21. RESULTS:The overall patient satisfaction towards radiological service was 71.6%. Satisfaction to accessibility of the service was 84.5% while it was 80.6% to courtesy of the staff. Similarly, 81.6% reported satisfied with quality of the service and 59.4% and 71% of reported satisfied with physical environment and radiological service provider respectively. On the other hand, 99.7% of the respondents were dissatisfied with privacy of the service. The study revealed that patients who attended primary school (AOR = 0.317, 95% CI: 0.11-0.88), unemployed patients (AOR = 0.067, 95% CI: 0.007-0.622) and patients who had short waiting time to enter into examination room less than one hour (AOR = 4.12, 95% CI: 1.4-11.62) were factors associated with patients satisfaction. CONCLUSION:This study found that majority of respondents was satisfied with the radiological services. Respondent's education level, occupation as well as duration of time taken to enter into examination room were important factors influencing the satisfaction condition. Hence, concerted effort is needed to constantly improve on patient satisfaction to better radiology returns arising from improved patient patronage. It is recommended to give great care and attention to clients during radiological examination procedure and also suggested that the department should decrease time taken to enter into examination room. On the other hand, the reasons behind more educated clients were less satisfied with radiologic service than more educated respondents need further investigation.

背景与目标： 背景：患者满意度是医疗质量的主要组成部分之一，是整个医疗服务体系中的关键现象。即使在不同的卫生服务机构中进行了许多有关患者满意度的研究，但在埃塞俄比亚，放射科的研究仍然很薄弱。这项研究旨在评估霍瓦萨大学教学与转诊医院对放射服务及相关因素的患者满意度。
方法：采用分层抽样技术，对研究区的321名成年放射科成年患者进行了基于机构的横断面研究。使用SERVQUAL（服务质量）工具测量患者满意度，该工具包括七个项目：可访问性，放射线服务质量，放射线人员的礼貌，与服务提供者和服务台工作人员的良好沟通，身体环境和隐私技术。使用结构化且经过预先测试的问卷对患者进行出站采访。数据由2016年5月12日至2016年5月28日由三个十位完成培训的十年级数据收集者收集。使用Logistic回归分析使用SPSS 21版使用放射线回归确定与患者对放射服务的满意度相关的独立因素。
结果：患者对放射科服务的总体满意度为71.6％。对该服务的可访问性满意度为84.5％，而工作人员的礼貌满意度为80.6％。同样，分别对服务质量表示满意的有81.6％，对物理环境和放射服务提供者表示满意的有59.4％和71％。另一方面，有99.7％的受访者对服务的私密性不满意。研究显示，上小学的患者（AOR = 0.317，95％CI：0.11-0.88），失业的患者（AOR = 0.067，95％CI：0.007-0.622）和等待时间短的患者进入考场少于一小时（AOR = 4.12，95％CI：1.4-11.62）是与患者满意度相关的因素。
结论：本研究发现大多数受访者对放射学服务感到满意。受访者的文化程度，职业以及进入考场的时间是影响满意度的重要因素。因此，需要共同努力以不断提高患者的满意度，以改善患者的光顾，从而获得更好的放射学回报。建议在放射检查过程中要格外注意和照顾客户，并建议部门减少进入检查室的时间。另一方面，受过良好教育的客户对放射线服务的满意度低于对受过教育的受访者的满意度，这是需要进一步调查的原因。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:To examine the trends of substance use and correlated variables in high-school students in Southern Thailand. METHODS:Surveys of high-school years 7, 9 and 11 and vocational school year 2 students in four provinces in Southern Thailand were conducted in 2002-2004 to examine lifetime substance use, use within 1 year and 30 days before the interview, using a self-completed questionnaire. RESULTS:The prevalence of lifetime use of any illicit substance was 5-7% overall (about 7%, 9% and 13% in boys and 2%, 1% and 3% in girls in 2002, 2003 and 2004, respectively). Krathom, a local addictive plant, and cannabis were the most commonly used illicit substances on a lifetime basis with prevalences of 2.3%, 2.8%, 4.9% (p<0.01) and 2.6%, 2.3%, 3.4% (p>0.05) in the surveyed years. The rates of alcohol consumption in the past 30 days were 19.3%, 17.3% and 15.2% (p>0.05) while smoking rates were 14.6%, 8.8% and 10.8% (p<0.05). The significant correlates of current illicit substance use were surveyed year, male, vocational school, school level, and school performance. CONCLUSION:The problem of substance abuse is increasing among Thai adolescents. School-based interventions seem desirable, especially in boys, vocational and public school students.

背景与目标： 目的：研究泰国南部高中学生的物质使用趋势和相关变量。
方法：2002年至2004年在泰国南部四个省份进行的高中7、9、11和高中2年级学生的调查，调查了面试前1年内和30天内的终生药物使用情况，使用自我填写的问卷。
结果：一生中使用任何非法物质的普遍发生率总体为5-7％（2002年，2003年和2004年，男孩分别为7％，9％和13％，女孩分别为7％，9％和13％）。一生中最常见的非法物质是Krathom（一种当地成瘾性植物）和大麻，一生中的使用率分别为2.3％，2.8％，4.9％（p <0.01）和2.6％，2.3％，3.4％（p> 0.05）在调查的年份中。在过去30天中，饮酒率分别为19.3％，17.3％和15.2％（p> 0.05），而吸烟率分别为14.6％，8.8％和10.8％（p <0.05）。调查了当前的非法药物使用情况的重大相关因素，包括年份，男性，职业学校，学校水平和学校表现。
结论：泰国青少年滥用毒品的问题正在增加。以学校为基础的干预似乎是可取的，特别是对男孩，职业学校和公立学校的学生。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Aquatic birds are a reservoir of all known influenza A viruses. Avian influenza viruses have played a major role in the creation of pandemic influenza viruses in humans. In this study, we genetically characterized genes of nine isolates from waterfowl in Eulsukdo, a congregating place for migratory birds on the flyway of migration from Siberia, which is located in the southern part of South Korea. Phylogenic analysis showed that HA and NA genes of isolates belonged to Eurasian lineage, and lineage analysis showed that NS, PB1, PA, NP, and M genes of isolates clustered with Eurasian lineage, and PB2 genes of isolates belonged to North American or Eurasian lineage. Results suggest that the interregional transmission of genes of avian influenza viruses may occur in the migratory birds.

背景与目标： ：水禽是所有已知的A型流感病毒的储存库。禽流感病毒在人类大流行性流感病毒的产生中发挥了重要作用。在这项研究中，我们通过遗传学鉴定了Eulsukdo水禽的9个分离株的基因，Eulsukdo是位于韩国南部从西伯利亚迁徙的迁徙飞鸟的聚集地。系统发育分析表明，分离株的HA和NA基因属于欧亚谱系，谱系分析表明，分离株的NS，PB1，PA，NP和M基因与欧亚谱系聚在一起，而分离株的PB2基因属于北美或欧亚谱系。 。结果表明，禽流感病毒基因的区域间传播可能发生在候鸟中。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Solar drying is one of the most efficient and cost-effective, renewable, and sustainable technologies to conserve agricultural products in Asian and sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. This review paper presents the different types of solar dryers that are widely used in Africa and Asia. In addition, the pre-eminent effects of their use on product quality, as well as their economic, environmental, and social impacts, are highlighted. Since financial, external, and structural factors play a key role in the adoption and scaling of solar dryers, this paper also discusses the impact of these factors on the effectiveness of solar drying technologies in selected Asian and SSA countries.

背景与目标： ：太阳能干燥是保护亚洲和撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA）国家农产品的最有效，最具成本效益，可再生和可持续的技术之一。这篇评论文章介绍了非洲和亚洲广泛使用的不同类型的太阳能干燥机。此外，还强调了其使用对产品质量的显着影响及其经济，环境和社会影响。由于财务，外部和结构因素在太阳能干燥机的采用和扩展中起着关键作用，因此本文还讨论了这些因素对某些亚洲国家和SSA国家中太阳能干燥技术有效性的影响。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Typhoid fever caused by Salmonella Typhi is a major public health concern in low-/middle-income countries. A recent study of 1900 global S. Typhi indicated that South Asia might be the site of the original emergence of the most successful and hypervirulent clone belonging to the 4.3.1 genotype. However, this study had limited samples from India. METHODS:We analyzed 194 clinical S. Typhi, temporal representatives from those isolated from blood and bone marrow cultures in southern India, over 26 years (1991-2016). Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) testing was performed for most common clinical agents. Whole-genome sequencing and SNP-level analysis was conducted. Comparative genomics of Vellore isolates was performed to infer transmission and AMR events. RESULTS:We identified multidrug-resistance (MDR)-associated clade 4.3.1 as the dominant genotype. We detected 4.3.1 S. Typhi as early as 1991, the earliest to be reported form India, and the majority were fluoroquinolone resistant and not MDR. MDR was not detected at all in other genotypes circulating in Vellore. Comparison with global S. Typhi showed 2 Vellore subgroups (I and II) that were phylogenetically highly related to previously described South Asia (subgroup I, II) and Southeast Asia (subgroup II) clades. CONCLUSIONS:4.3.1 S. Typhi has dominated in Vellore for 2 decades. Our study would assist public health agencies in better tracking of transmission and persistence of this successful clade in India and globally. It informs clinicians of the AMR pattern of circulating clone, which would add confidence to their prophylactic/treatment decision making and facilitate efficient patient care.

背景与目标： 背景：伤寒沙门氏菌引起的伤寒是中低收入国家的主要公共卫生问题。 1900年全球鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的最新研究表明，南亚可能是属于4.3.1基因型的最成功和高毒力克隆最初出现的地点。但是，这项研究的印度样品有限。
方法：我们分析了194个临床S. Typhi，代表了来自印度南部超过26年（1991-2016）的血液和骨髓培养物中的时间代表。对大多数常见的临床药物进行了抗药性（AMR）测试。进行了全基因组测序和SNP水平分析。进行了Vellore分离株的比较基因组学研究，以推断传播和AMR事件。
结果：我们确定了与多药耐药性（MDR）相关的进化枝4.3.1为显性基因型。我们早在1991年就检测到4.3.1伤寒沙门氏菌，这是印度最早报道的病，多数是耐氟喹诺酮类药物而不是耐多药。在韦洛尔流行的其他基因型中根本没有检测到MDR。与全球性伤寒沙门氏菌的比较显示，有2个Vellore子群（I和II）在系统发育上与先前描述的南亚（I，II子群）和东南亚（II子群）进化枝高度相关。
结论：4.3.1伤寒沙门氏菌在韦洛尔占主导地位已有20年了。我们的研究将帮助公共卫生机构更好地追踪这种成功的进化枝在印度和全球的传播和持久性。它告知临床医生循环克隆的AMR模式，这将增加其预防/治疗决策的信心并促进有效的患者护理。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Purpose: Direct obstetric causes have a significant contribution for severe maternal morbidities and mortalities, although the effect of grand multiparity on adverse obstetric outcomes remains controversial across studies. This study aimed to compare obstetric outcomes in grand multiparous and low multiparous women in two hospitals of southern Ethiopia.Materials and methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in one general and one comprehensive specialized hospitals in 2018. Four hundred and sixty-one mothers were included in the study. Data were collected by structured questionnaire and extraction sheets from clinical documents, and were analyzed using STATA version 14 (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA).Results: About 39% of the included mothers had at least one adverse obstetric outcome. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, antepartum hemorrhage, and premature rupture of membrane and were higher in the grand multiparous mothers. However, obstructed labor and risk of cesarean delivery were higher in low multiparous women. History of medical illnesses, previous cesarean delivery, and high birth weight were independent predictors of adverse maternal outcomes regardless of parity. However, parity did not show statistically significant difference in obstetric outcomes.Conclusion: Parity did not show statistically significant difference in experiencing adverse obstetric outcomes in women. Early identification and treatment of high-risk mothers is recommended regardless of parity.

背景与目标： 目的：直接的产科病因对严重的产妇发病和死亡有重大贡献，尽管在整个研究中，巨大的产妇对不良产科预后的影响仍然存在争议。这项研究旨在比较埃塞俄比亚南部两家医院的多产及低产妇女的产科结局。材料与方法：2018年在一家综合性医院和一家综合性专科医院中进行了比较横断面研究。461例母亲被纳入研究。通过结构化问卷和临床文献摘录收集数据，并使用STATA 14版（StataCorp，美国德克萨斯州大学城，StataCorp）进行分析。结果：纳入研究的母亲中约有39％至少有一项不良产科预后。妊娠高血压疾病，产前出血和胎膜早破，在多产母亲中较高。但是，低分娩妇女的产程受阻和剖宫产的风险较高。内科病史，既往剖腹产和高出生体重是孕产妇不良后果的独立预测因素，无论其是否是均等的。但是，在产科不良结局中，胎龄没有显示出统计学上的显着差异。结论：在女性经历不良产科结局中，胎盘没有表现出统计学上的显着差异。建议不分性别，尽早识别和治疗高危母亲。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Kashmir musk deer Moschus cupreus (KMD) are the least studied species of musk deer. We compiled genetically validated occurrence records of KMD to construct species distribution models using Maximum Entropy. We show that the distribution of KMD is limited between central Nepal on the east and north-east Afghanistan on the west and is primarily determined by precipitation of driest quarter, annual mean temperature, water vapor, and precipitation during the coldest quarter. Precipitation being the most influential determinant of distribution suggests the importance of pre-monsoon moisture for growth of the dominant vegetation, Himalayan birch Betula utilis and Himalayan fir Abies spectabilis, in KMD's preferred forests. All four Representative Concentration Pathway Scenarios result an expansion of suitable habitat in Uttarakhand, India, west Nepal and their associated areas in China in 2050s and 2070s but a dramatic loss of suitable habitat elsewhere (Kashmir region and Pakistan-Afghanistan border). About 1/4th of the current habitat will remain as climate refugia in future. Since the existing network of protected areas will only include a tiny fraction (4%) of the climatic refugia of KMD, the fate of the species will be determined by the interplay of more urgent short-term forces of poaching and habitat degradation and long-term forces of climate change.

背景与目标： ：克什米尔麝鹿Moschus cupreus（KMD）是麝香鹿研究最少的物种。我们汇编了经过遗传验证的KMD发生记录，以使用最大熵构建物种分布模型。我们表明，KMD的分布在东部的尼泊尔中部和西部的阿富汗东北部之间是有限的，并且主要取决于最干燥季度的降水，年平均温度，水蒸气和最冷季度的降水。降水是影响分布的最主要决定因素，表明季风前的湿度对于KMD首选森林中的主要植被喜马拉雅桦木桦和喜马拉雅冷杉的生长很重要。所有这四个代表性的集中路径情景都导致2050年代和2070年代在印度的北阿坎德邦，尼泊尔西部和其相关地区的合适栖息地得到扩大，但其他地方（克什米尔地区和巴基斯坦与阿富汗交界）的合适栖息地却急剧减少。将来，目前约有1/4的栖息地仍将作为气候避难所。由于现有的保护区网络仅占KMD气候避难所的一小部分（4％），因此物种的命运将取决于更紧急的短期盗猎和栖息地退化以及长期的，长期的，长期的相互作用。气候变化的长期力量。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:The Mediterranean diet is one of the healthier diet models. Mediterranean food patterns are suffering a deterioration that can especially affect children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE:Determine adherence to the Mediterranean diet in adolescents of southern Spain and its relationship with the residence area, sex, age, life satisfaction, anthropometry, and habits of physical activity and sedentary activities. METHODOLOGY:A total of 1973 adolescents (11-18 years) of southern Spain participated in this descriptive cross-sectional study. Cut-off value between rural and urban locations was 10000 inhabitants. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was calculated from the KIDMED questionnaire. Life satisfaction, physical activity, and sedentary activities also were measured through valid and reliable questionnaires. Body mass index and % body fat were measured using the TANITA BC-420-S body analyzer. RESULTS:30.9% of the adolescents reported an optimal quality diet, percent higher in rural locations (P < 0.05). Adherence was lower in older adolescents (P < 0.001), it was not different between sexes or according to anthropometric variables. Adolescents more satisfied with their lives (P < 0.001), more active (P < 0.001), more studious (P < 0.001), and less sedentary in front of a screen (P < 0.001) showed greater adherence to the Mediterranean food pattern. CONCLUSION:The majority of adolescents need to improve their nutritional quality. Compared with these subjects, the adolescents most adherent to the Mediterranean diet had a healthier lifestyle and they showed greater life satisfaction. :Introducción: La dieta mediterránea es uno de los modelos más saludables de dieta. Los patrones alimentarios mediterráneos están sufriendo un deterioro que puede afectar especialmente a niños y adolescentes. Objetivo: Determinar la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea de los adolescentes del sur de España y su relación con el área de residencia, sexo, edad, satisfacción con la vida, características antropométricas y hábitos de actividad física y sedentaria. Métodos: Un total de 1.973 adolescentes (11-18 años) del sur de España participaron en este estudio descriptivo transversal. El punto de corte entre poblaciones rurales y urbanas fue 10.000 habitantes. La adherencia a la dieta mediterránea fue calculada a partir del cuestionario KIDMED. Satisfacción con la vida, actividad física y sedentarismo también mediante cuestionarios fiables y válidos. Índice de masa corporal y % de grasa corporal fueron medidos utilizando el analizador corporal TANITA BC-420-S. Resultados: El 30,9% de los adolescentes reportó una dieta de calidad óptima, porcentaje superior en poblaciones rurales (P < 0,05). La adherencia fue menor en los adolescentes de mayor edad (P < 0,001), sin diferir entre sexos ni según las variables antropométricas. Los adolescentes más satisfechos con sus vidas (P < 0,001), más activos (P < 0,001), más estudiosos (P < 0,001) y menos sedentarios delante de una pantalla (P < 0,001) mostraron mayor adherencia al patrón alimentario mediterráneo. Conclusión: La mayoría de adolescentes necesitan mejorar su calidad nutricional. En comparación con estos sujetos, los más adheridos a la dieta mediterránea llevaban un estilo de vida más saludable y mostraron mayor satisfacción con sus vidas.

背景与目标： 背景：地中海饮食是较健康的饮食模式之一。地中海的食物类型正在恶化，尤其会影响儿童和青少年。
目的：确定西班牙南部青少年对地中海饮食的依从性及其与居住地区，性别，年龄，生活满意度，人体测量学以及体育锻炼和久坐活动习惯的关系。
方法：西班牙南部的总共1973名青少年（11-18岁）参加了该描述性横断面研究。城乡之间的临界值是10000居民。从KIDMED调查表计算出对地中海饮食的坚持。生活满意度，身体活动和久坐活动也通过有效且可靠的问卷进行了测量。使用TANITA BC-420-S人体分析仪测量体重指数和体脂百分比。
结果：30.9％的青少年报告了最佳质量饮食，在农村地区则更高（P <0.05）。年龄较大的青少年的依从性较低（P <0.001），这在男女之间或根据人体测量学变量无差异。青少年对生活的满意度更高（P <0.001），更加活跃（P <0.001），勤奋好学（P <0.001），屏幕前久坐不动（P <0.001）显示出对地中海食物模式的依从性更高。
结论：大多数青少年需要提高营养质量。与这些受试者相比，最喜欢地中海饮食的青少年的生活方式更健康，生活满意度更高。
：饮食简介：饮食中的营养品。洛杉矶特别行政区营养不良儿童和青少年基金会。对象：确定居住在西班牙，西班牙，西班牙，西班牙，西班牙，西班牙，西班牙，西班牙，西班牙，西班牙，西班牙，西班牙，西班牙，西班牙，西班牙和西班牙的青少年。 Métodos：总共有1.973个青少年（11月18日至10月18日，西班牙人），横向学习是在España参加的。 El punto de corte entre poblaciones Rurales y urbanas fue 10.000 habitantes。死者复审和死刑复审。满足您的要求，请先确认您的行为，然后再执行中止诉讼。 TANDES BC-420-S的商标为masa下士和fueron medidos utilizando el analizador下士为下装。结果：30.9％的青少年青少年报告说，农村地区的上等饮食者（P <0.05）。埃德斯市长青年队参议员（P <0,001），性变量。美国青少年洛杉矶（P <0,001），青少年活动（P <0,001），青少年工作室（P <0,001）和西班牙裔白人（P <0,001）都参加了中产阶级运动。结论：青少年市长需要营养。在墨西哥的最保守的情况下，最有价值的市长和在维斯塔斯的最优秀的市长都应受到赞扬。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: AIM:The aim of this study was to determine maternal and neonatal outcomes of less than recommended or excess gestational weight gain (GWG) based on the recommended Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Using a cross-sectional study design, GWG was assessed for 1462 pregnant women presenting to a tertiary care perinatal institute in India. Body mass index at baseline, co-existing morbidities, fetal growth, details of delivery, and maternal and fetal outcomes were determined and documented. Appropriate GWG for each woman was determined based on the revised IOM guidelines. Outcome measures included the proportion of pregnant women compliant with IOM guidelines for GWG and associations of less than recommended or excess GWG with maternal and neonatal outcomes. RESULTS:A total of 547 (37.41%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 34.96-39.92) pregnant women gained less than recommended and 313 (21.41%, 95%CI: 19.36-23.57) pregnant women gained more than the recommended weight. Preterm deliveries were associated with less than optimal weight gain (adjusted odds ratio 3.58, 95%CI: 1.75-7.32) after adjusting for gestational age at delivery. GWG was not associated with neonatal outcomes in this population. CONCLUSIONS:The lack of associations with perinatal outcomes indicates that the IOM guidelines may not be the appropriate standard for monitoring GWG in this population.

背景与目标： 目的：本研究的目的是根据推荐的医学研究所（IOM）指南确定孕产妇和新生儿的结局低于建议的或超过的妊娠体重增加（GWG）。
材料与方法：采用横断面研究设计，对印度的三级围产期研究所就诊的1462名孕妇进行了GWG评估。确定并记录基线时的体重指数，并存发病率，胎儿生长，分娩细节以及母婴结局。根据修订的IOM指南确定每位妇女的适当GWG。结果指标包括符合IOM GWG指导原则的孕妇比例，以及低于或超过GWG推荐值的孕妇和新生儿结局。
结果：共有547名（37.41％，95％置信区间[CI]：34.96-39.92）孕妇体重增加低于建议值，而313名（21.41％，95％CI：19.36-23.57）孕妇体重增加超过建议体重。调整分娩时的胎龄后，早产会导致体重增加不理想（调整后的比值比为3.58，95％CI：1.75-7.32）。 GWG与该人群的新生儿结局无关。
结论：缺乏与围产期结局的联系表明，IOM指南可能不是监测该人群GWG的合适标准。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Re-emerging human adenovirus types 14 (Ad14) and 55 (Ad55) have caused severe respiratory diseases and even deaths during recent outbreaks. However, the seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) in healthy adults, which may reflect previous circulation and help to predict potential outbreaks, remains unclear. In this study, we established micro-neutralizing (MN) assays on the basis of recombinant Ad14 and Ad55 reporter viruses, and we investigated serum nAbs in healthy blood donors from Southern China. We found that the overall seropositive rates were 24.8% and 22.4% for Ad14 and Ad55 nAbs, respectively. The seropositive rates were low in individuals younger than 20, and they gradually increased with age. Ad55-seropositive individuals tended to have high nAb titers (>1000), while low (72-200) and moderate (201-1000) nAb levels were frequently observed in Ad14-seropositive ones. Surprisingly, the seropositive rates and nAb levels were associated with the blood type but not the gender of the blood donors, with type AB individuals displaying higher seropositive rates and nAb levels. Interestingly, a significant positive correlation was observed between Ad14 and Ad55 seroprevalence, and higher titers of nAbs were detected in double-positive individuals compared to single-positive ones. These results clarified the human humoral immune responses against Ad14 and Ad55 and revealed a low level of herd immunity in some subpopulations, which emphasized the importance of monitoring these two highly virulent adenoviruses and reinforced the development of prophylactic vaccines.

背景与目标： ：重新出现的14型（Ad14）和55型（Ad55）人腺病毒在最近的暴发中已引起严重的呼吸道疾病，甚至死亡。但是，尚不清楚健康成年人中的中和抗体（nAbs）的血清阳性率，这可能反映了以前的血液循环并有助于预测潜在的疾病爆发。在这项研究中，我们建立在重组Ad14和Ad55报告病毒的基础上的微中和（MN）分析，并研究了来自中国南方健康献血者的血清nAb。我们发现，Ad14和Ad55 nAb的总体血清阳性率分别为24.8％和22.4％。血清阳性率在20岁以下的人群中较低，并且随着年龄的增长而逐渐增加。 Ad55血清反应阳性的个体倾向于具有较高的nAb滴度（> 1000），而在Ad14血清反应阳性的个体中经常观察到低（72-200）和中等（201-1000）的nAb水平。出人意料的是，血清反应阳性率和nAb水平与血型有关，而与献血者的性别无关，AB型个体表现出较高的血清反应阳性率和nAb水平。有趣的是，在Ad14和Ad55血清阳性之间观察到显着的正相关性，与单阳性患者相比，双阳性患者中nAbs的滴度更高。这些结果阐明了人类针对Ad14和Ad55的体液免疫反应，并揭示了某些亚群中较低的畜群免疫力，这强调了监测这两种高毒力腺病毒的重要性，并加强了预防性疫苗的开发。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:The assessment of mood and anxiety disorders secondary to cancer by using easy-to-administer instruments has been the object of recent research. METHODS:The aim of this study was to examine the accuracy of the short screening tool developed by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Clinical Practice Guidelines for Distress Management, (0-10 point-scale Distress Thermometer) (DT) in detecting affective syndrome disorders in Italian cancer patients. The sample consisted of 109 cancer outpatients who were administered the ICD-10 psychiatric interview (CIDI), the DT and the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS). RESULTS:Forty-four patients (40.4%) met the criteria for an ICD-10 diagnosis of affective syndromes. The DT was significantly associated with HADS-Total score (r=0.66, p=0.001). A cut-off > or = 4 on the DT showed a sensitivity of 79.5% and a specificity of 75.4% (positive predictive value--PPV = 68.6%; negative predictive value--NPV = 84.5%). The cut-off score > or = 10 on the HADS was associated with a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 81.5% (PPV = 76%; NPV = 89.9%). A cut-off score > or = 5 on DT and > or = 15 on HADS maximized sensitivity (78.6% and 85%, respectively) and specificity (83.1% and 96%, respectively) for patients with more severe affective syndromes (major depression, persistent depressive disorders). CONCLUSIONS:The results suggest that simple instruments can be used as feasible tools in the screening of mood and anxiety disorders among cancer patients.

背景与目标： 背景：使用易于管理的仪器评估癌症继发的情绪和焦虑症已成为近期研究的目标。
方法：本研究的目的是检验由《国家综合癌症网络遇险管理临床实践指南》（0-10点规模遇险温度计）（DT）开发的短筛查工具在检测情感综合征中的准确性。意大利癌症患者。该样本包括109位接受过ICD-10精神病学访谈（CIDI），DT和医院焦虑抑郁量表（HADS）的癌症门诊患者。
结果：44名患者（40.4％）符合ICD-10诊断情感综合征的标准。 DT与HADS总分显着相关（r = 0.66，p = 0.001）。 DT的临界值>或= 4显示灵敏度为79.5％，特异性为75.4％（阳性预测值-PPV = 68.6％;阴性预测值--NPV = 84.5％）。 HADS的截止评分>或= 10与敏感性86％和特异性81.5％相关（PPV = 76％； NPV = 89.9％）。 DT的临界值>或= 5，HADS的> 15或15以上，对于患有更严重的情感综合征（重度抑郁）的患者，其敏感性最高（分别为78.6％和85％）和特异性（分别为83.1％和96％） ，持续性抑郁症）。
结论：结果表明，简单的仪器可用作筛查癌症患者情绪和焦虑障碍的可行工具。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Human brucellosis is an infectious zoonotic disease caused by Brucella spp. It is one of the most public health problems that remains largely neglected in developing counties, including Saudi Arabia. Brucellosis is particularly prevalent among rural people who have constant contact with livestock. METHODS:A cross-sectional sero-epidemiological study conducted in Aseer Central Hospital, South Saudi Arabia, between 2014 and 2018 among 7567 patients. Serum samples were analyzed for Brucella antibodies using slide agglutination test. Serology results and patient's demographic data were analyzed by GraphPad Prism. Results were presented as mean ± SEM and differences between two groups were assessed by t-test and p < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS:The prevalence of brucellosis among the admitted suspected 7567 cases was 12.8% (10.4-15.7%; CI 95%). The highest prevalence rate was detected during 2015, the rate decreased to the lowest level during the last three years (p < 0.05). Higher rate of brucellosis was observed among males than females (p < 0.05) and most cases were reported during summer season (p < 0.05). The highest prevalence rate was observed in age group 21-40 year old (40.5%) followed by 41-60 years (27.7%). The lowest prevalence rate was noticed in old and young children (15 and 3%, respectively). Cross-transmission of brucellosis was seen within family (1%) and high titers (> 1280) was noticed in 22% of the hospitalized patients. The major symptoms were fatigue, hyperhidrosis, fever and joint pain. CONCLUSION:Our findings showed a high prevalence of human brucellosis among suspected patients in Aseer region. This indicates that clinical suspicion is a valid criterion and the endemic nature of the disease. The disease status requires early laboratory detection and confirmation to start prompt treatment to decrease patients suffering.

背景与目标： 背景：人类布鲁氏菌病是一种由布鲁氏菌属引起的传染性人畜共患病。它是最严重的公共卫生问题之一，在包括沙特阿拉伯在内的发展中国家中仍然被忽略。在与牲畜经常接触的农村人口中，布鲁氏菌病尤为普遍。
方法：2014年至2018年间，在南沙特阿拉伯的Aseer中心医院对7567名患者进行了横断面血清流行病学研究。使用玻片凝集试验分析血清样品中的布鲁氏菌抗体。通过GraphPad Prism分析血清学结果和患者的人口统计学数据。结果表示为平均值±SEM，并且通过t检验评估两组之间的差异，并且p <0.05被认为是显着的。
结果：在入院的疑似7567例病例中，布鲁氏菌病的患病率为12.8％（10.4-15.7％； CI为95％）。 2015年的患病率最高，最近三年降至最低水平（p decreased <0.05）。男性的布鲁氏菌病发生率高于女性（p <0.05），并且大多数病例在夏季报告（p <0.05）。患病率最高的年龄组是21-40岁（40.5％），其次是41-60岁（27.7％）。在年龄较大的儿童中患病率最低（分别为15％和3％）。在家庭中发现了布鲁氏菌病的交叉传播（1％），住院患者中有22％出现高滴度（> 1280）。主要症状是疲劳，多汗症，发烧和关节痛。
结论：我们的研究结果表明，在Aseer地区的可疑患者中，人类布鲁氏菌病的患病率很高。这表明临床怀疑是该疾病的有效标准和特有性。疾病状态需要及早进行实验室检查和确认，以开始迅速治疗，以减少患者的痛苦。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :This paper presents and discusses the U.S. Army telemedicine support systems currently available to our deployed forces in Southwest Asia. Organization and structure of the support system are discussed, along with some of the business rules and policies developed for its use. Some of the lessons learned are directly applicable to any type of large-scale telemedicine deployment, civilian or military.

背景与目标： ：本文介绍并讨论了目前可供我们在西南亚部署的部队使用的美国陆军远程医疗支持系统。讨论了支持系统的组织和结构，以及为使用而开发的一些业务规则和策略。从中汲取的一些经验教训可直接应用于民用或军用的任何类型的大规模远程医疗部署。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Given the clinical and social problems caused by the consumption of alcohol in most industrialised countries, there is a strong need to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of integrated care programmes. In this study, the authors describe the results observed in 124 sequentially admitted subjects at various points throughout the course of the first year after their discharge from the Southern Regional Alcohol-Abuse Treatment Centre (CRAS) in Lisbon, Portugal. An inpatient stay at this unit of CRAS lasts for between 5 and 7 weeks and implies that the patient must submit him/herself to a therapeutic model which has been adapted from the Minnesota model. At the end of the year under study 44.3% of the patients were still abstinent, 40.3% were consuming alcohol and 15.4% did not reply. 51 patients (41.1% of the initial sample) were still in regular contact with CRAS for further treatment at that point. The variable that was found to possess the most significant association with a favourable outcome was adherence to the therapeutic programme over the course of that year.

背景与目标： ：鉴于大多数工业化国家中饮酒引起的临床和社会问题，强烈需要制定和评估综合护理计划的有效性。在这项研究中，作者描述了在从葡萄牙里斯本南部区域酒精滥用治疗中心（CRAS）出院后的第一年中，在各个时间点在124个依次入组的受试者中观察到的结果。在CRAS的此单元住院的时间为5至7周，这意味着患者必须服从明尼苏达州模型改编的治疗模型。在研究的这一年年底，仍有44.3％的患者戒酒，40.3％的人饮酒和15.4％的患者未戒酒。在这一点上，仍有51名患者（占初始样本的41.1％）仍定期与CRAS接触以进行进一步治疗。在这一年中，发现与治疗方案的依从性最密切相关的变量是坚持治疗方案。