BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Chronic pain may result from hyperexcitability following activation of spinal NMDA receptors. A naturally-derived mammalian peptide, histogranin, may possess NMDA antagonist activity. This study explored the possibility that stable analog [Ser1]Histogranin (SHG) could reduce chronic pain. Neuropathic pain was induced using the chronic constriction injury model (CCI). Intrathecal injection of SHG markedly attenuated the hyperalgesia and allodynia resulting from CCI, nearly normalizing responses. These results suggest that the natural peptide histogranin may be a novel adjunct in neuropathic pain management.

背景与目标： ：慢性疼痛可能是由脊柱NMDA受体激活后的过度兴奋引起的。天然来源的哺乳动物多肽，组织颗粒蛋白，可能具有NMDA拮抗剂活性。这项研究探讨了稳定的类似物[Ser1] Histogranin（SHG）可以减轻慢性疼痛的可能性。使用慢性收缩损伤模型（CCI）诱发神经性疼痛。鞘内注射SHG明显减轻了CCI引起的痛觉过敏和异常性疼痛，使反应趋于正常。这些结果表明，天然肽组织颗粒蛋白可能是神经性疼痛治疗的新型辅助剂。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The amino-terminal segment of the membrane-anchored subunit of influenza hemagglutinin (HA) plays a crucial role in membrane fusion and, hence, has been termed the fusion peptide. We have studied the secondary structure, orientation, and effects on the bilayer structure of synthetic peptides corresponding to the wild-type and several fusogenic and nonfusogenic mutants with altered N-termini of the influenza HA fusion peptide by fluorescence, circular dichroism, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. All peptides contained segments of alpha-helical and beta-strand conformation. In the wild-type fusion peptide, 40% of all residues were in alpha-secondary and 30% in beta-secondary structures. By comparison, the nonfusogenic peptides exhibited larger beta/alpha secondary structure ratios. The order parameters of the helices and the amide carbonyl groups of the beta-strands of the wild-type fusion peptide were measured separately, based on the infrared dichroism of the respective absorption bands. Order parameters in the range 0.1-0.7 were found for both segments of the wild-type peptide, which indicates that they are most likely aligned at oblique angles to the membrane normal. The nonfusogenic but not the fusogenic peptides induced splitting of the infrared absorption band at 1735 cm(-1), which is assigned to stretching vibrations of the lipid ester carbonyl bond. This splitting, which reports on an alteration of the hydrogen bonds formed between the lipid ester carbonyls and water and/or hydrogen-donating groups of the fusion peptides, correlated with the beta/alpha ratio of the peptides, suggesting that unpaired beta-strands may replace water molecules and hydrogen-bond to the lipid ester carbonyl groups. The profound structural changes induced by single amino acid replacements at the extreme N-terminus of the fusion peptide further suggest that tertiary or quaternary structural interactions may be important when fusion peptides bind to lipid bilayers.

背景与目标： 流感血凝素（HA）的膜锚定亚基的氨基末端片段在膜融合中起着至关重要的作用，因此被称为融合肽。我们已经通过荧光，圆二色性和傅里叶变换研究了对应于野生型和几个融合和非融合突变体的流感病毒HA融合肽的N末端改变的二级肽的二级结构，方向及其对双层肽结构的影响。红外光谱。所有肽都包含α-螺旋和β-链构象的区段。在野生型融合肽中，所有残基的40％在α-二级结构中，而30％在β-二级结构中。相比之下，非融合肽表现出较大的β/α二级结构比。基于各个吸收带的红外二色性，分别测量野生型融合肽的β链的螺旋和酰胺羰基的有序参数。对于野生型肽的两个片段，发现有序参数在0.1-0.7范围内，这表明它们最有可能以与膜法线倾斜的角度排列。非融合肽而非融合肽诱导了1735 cm（-1）处的红外吸收带的分裂，这被分配给了脂质酯羰基键的拉伸振动。该分裂报告了脂质酯羰基与融合肽的水和/或供氢基团之间形成的氢键的改变，与肽的β/α比率相关，表明未配对的β链可能取代水分子，并与脂质酯的羰基氢键合。融合肽极端N端由单个氨基酸置换引起的深刻结构变化进一步表明，当融合肽结合脂质双层时，三级或四级结构相互作用可能很重要。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: -2

背景与目标： -2

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In the present pilot study, the feasibility of a site-of-care cervicovaginal self-sampling methodology for HPV-based screening was tested in 346 women residing in underserved rural areas of Northern Greece. These women provided self-collected cervicovaginal sample along with a study questionnaire. Following molecular testing, using the cobas® HPV Test, Roche®, HPV positive women, were referred to colposcopy and upon abnormal findings, to biopsy and treatment. Participation rate was 100%. Regular pap-test examination was reported for 17.1%. Among hrHPV testing, 11.9% were positive and colposcopy/biopsy revealed 2 CIN3 cases. Non-compliance was the most prevalent reason for no previous attendance. Most women reported non-difficulty and non-discomfort in self-sampling (77.6% and 82.4%, respectively). They would choose self-sampling over clinician-sampling (86.2%), and should self-sampling being available, they would test themselves more regularly (92.3%). In conclusion, self-sampling is feasible and well-accepted for HPV-based screening, and could increase population coverage in underserved areas, helping towards successful prevention.

背景与目标： ：在本项初步研究中，对希腊北部农村地区服务水平低下的346名妇女进行了基于宫颈癌阴道自我采样方法的HPV筛查的可行性的测试。这些妇女提供了自己收集的宫颈阴道样本以及研究问卷。在进行分子测试后，使用cobas®HPV测试，将Roche®，HPV阳性女性进行阴道镜检查，并在发现异常后进行活检和治疗。参与率为100％。定期进行巴氏试验检查的报道为17.1％。在hrHPV测试中，有11.9％呈阳性，阴道镜检查/活检显示有2例CIN3病例。不遵守是没有参加会议的最普遍原因。大多数妇女在自我抽样中报告没有困难和不舒服（分别为77.6％和82.4％）。他们将选择自采样而不是临床医生采样（86.2％），并且如果可以使用自采样，他们将更定期地进行自我测试（92.3％）。总之，对于基于HPV的筛查，自我抽样是可行的并且被广泛接受，并且可以扩大服务不足地区的人口覆盖率，有助于成功进行预防。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Aurelin is a 40-residue cationic antimicrobial peptide isolated from the mezoglea of a scyphoid jellyfish Aurelia aurita. Aurelin and its (15)N-labeled analogue were overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Antimicrobial activity of the recombinant peptide was examined, and its spatial structure was studied by NMR spectroscopy. Aurelin represents a compact globule, enclosing one 3(10)-helix and two α-helical regions cross-linked by three disulfide bonds. The peptide binds to anionic lipid (POPC/DOPG, 3:1) vesicles even at physiological salt concentration, it does not interact with zwitterionic (POPC) vesicles and interacts with the DPC micelle surface with moderate affinity via two α-helical regions. Although aurelin shows structural homology to the BgK and ShK toxins of sea anemones, its surface does not possess the "functional dyad" required for the high-affinity interaction with the K(+)-channels. The obtained data permit to correlate the modest antibacterial properties and membrane activity of aurelin.

背景与目标： ：Aurelin是一种40残基的阳离子抗菌肽，是从鞘状水母Aurelia aurita的中生动物中分离出来的。 Aurelin及其（15）N标记的类似物在大肠杆菌中过表达并纯化。检查了重组肽的抗菌活性，并通过NMR光谱研究了其空间结构。 Aurelin代表紧密的小球，包围一个3（10）-螺旋和两个通过三个二硫键交联的α-螺旋区域。该肽即使在生理盐浓度下也能与阴离子脂质（POPC / DOPG，3：1）囊泡结合，它不与两性离子（POPC）囊泡相互作用，并通过两个α-螺旋区域以中等亲和力与DPC胶束表面相互作用。尽管aurelin与海葵的BgK和ShK毒素显示出结构同源性，但其表面不具有与K（）通道的高亲和力相互作用所需的“功能性二元组”。所获得的数据允许将适度的抗菌性能和金黄色素的膜活性相关联。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :

Background: Despite public education efforts, many people at risk for skin cancer do not practice safe sun behaviors.

Objective: To determine whether machine-based evaluation of UV-induced alterations (VISIA scan) changes self-assessment of facial photoaging, skin cancer risk, and willingness to improve sun protective habits. In addition, to determine whether VISIA scan analysis reveals differences between those with versus without a history of skin cancer, men versus women, those older than 50 versus less than 50 years of age, and Fitzpatrick skin types I-III versus IV-VI.

Methods: Volunteers attending a health expo were recruited and queried about their perceived risk of skin cancer and degree of skin photoaging. All participants underwent facial skin quality analysis of both sides of the face, and then completed a follow-up survey.

Results: Participants' scored self-perceptions of overall skin aging were all statistically significantly worse after VISIA scan analysis. There was no change in perceived skin cancer risk, but most participants expressed intent to improve their sun protection habits.

Limitations: Limitations to this study include selection bias, recall-misclassification bias, and social desirability bias.

Conclusion: Intervention with facial skin analysis can positively affect subjects' stated intent to use sun protection, indicating the importance of appearance in these health decisions.

J Drugs Dermatol. 2017;16(5):453-459.

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背景与目标： ：

背景：尽管进行了公众教育，但许多有皮肤癌风险的人仍未进行安全的日晒行为。

目的：确定是否对紫外线诱发的变化进行基于机器的评估（VISIA扫描）改变面部光老化的自我评估，皮肤癌的风险以及改善防晒习惯的意愿。此外，为了确定VISIA扫描分析是否能揭示出有或没有皮肤癌病史，男性与女性，年龄大于50岁与小于50岁以及Fitzpatrick I-III和IV-VI皮肤类型之间的差异。

方法：招募参加健康博览会的志愿者，并询问他们对皮肤癌的感知风险和皮肤光老化程度。所有参与者都进行了面部两面的面部皮肤质量分析，然后完成了一项后续调查。

结果：在进行VISIA扫描后，参与者对总体皮肤衰老的自我感觉评分在统计学上均显着变差分析。知觉的患皮肤癌风险没有改变，但大多数参与者表示有意改善其防晒习惯。

局限性：本研究的局限性包括选择偏见，召回分类错误和社会可取性偏见。 / p>

结论：进行面部皮肤分析的干预可以正面影响受试者陈述的使用防晒的意图，这表明在这些健康决定中外表的重要性。

J Dermatol。 2017; 16（5）：453-459。 。