BACKGROUND & AIMS:
:The extended amygdala has been proposed to play an essential role in cognitive and affective processes and in neuropsychiatric disorders. In the present study, we examined the induction of Fos-like nuclei in the central amygdaloid nucleus (CeA), sublenticular extended amygdala (SLEA), interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure (IPAC), and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTL) of rodents to improve the knowledge regarding the pharmacological profile, therapeutic efficacy, and side-effects of olanzapine, an atypical antipsychotic drug and risperidone, a mixed atypical/typical antipsychotic drug in the rat brain. In addition, we evaluated the induction of Fos-like-nuclei in areas connected with these structures such as prefrontal cortex (PFCx), and nucleus accumbens shell, and in other important areas including the lateral septum and caudate-putamen that are involved in the therapeutic efficacy or side-effects of antipsychotic drugs. Fos-like-immunoreactivity induced by olanzapine and risperidone was compared with that by the atypical antipsychotic clozapine and typical antipsychotic haloperidol. Regarding the extended amygdala, and similarly to clozapine, olanzapine (5-10 mg/kg) and, with a lower efficacy, risperidone (1-3 mg/kg), induced Fos-like-nuclei in CeA, IPAC, SLEA, and BSTL. Both these drugs increased the induction of Fos-like-nuclei in PFCx, nucleus accumbens shell, lateral septum, and caudate-putamen. On the contrary, the increase of Fos-like-nuclei in the extended amygdala by haloperidol was restricted to IPAC only. These findings, consistent with the important role of extended amygdala in neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by affective disturbances, showed that olanzapine and risperidone, contrary to haloperidol, preferentially activated Fos-expression in these brain areas.
背景与目标:
:已提出扩大杏仁核在认知和情感过程以及神经精神疾病中起重要作用。在本研究中,我们研究了中央杏仁核(CeA),扁桃体下杏仁核(SLEA),前连合后肢的间质核(IPAC)和纹状体床核的Fos样核的诱导啮齿类动物终末期(BSTL),以提高有关奥氮平(一种非典型的抗精神病药物)和利培酮(一种混合的非典型/典型的抗精神病药物)在大鼠脑中的药理作用,治疗功效和副作用的知识。此外,我们评估了与这些结构相关的区域(如前额叶皮层(PFCx)和伏隔核壳)以及其他重要区域(包括外侧中隔和尾状丘脑)的Fos样核的诱导。抗精神病药的治疗功效或副作用。将奥氮平和利培酮诱导的Fos样免疫反应性与非典型抗精神病药物氯氮平和典型的抗精神病药物氟哌啶醇进行比较。关于扩大的杏仁核,与氯氮平相似,奥氮平(5-10mg / kg)和利培酮(1-3mg / kg)疗效较差,在CeA,IPAC,SLEA和BSTL。这两种药物都增加了PFCx,伏隔核壳,外侧中隔和尾状豆核中Fos样核的诱导。相反,氟哌啶醇增加杏仁核中Fos样核的数量仅限于IPAC。这些发现与杏仁核延长在以情感障碍为特征的神经精神疾病中的重要作用一致,表明奥氮平和利培酮与氟哌啶醇相反,优先激活了这些大脑区域的Fos表达。