BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Previous studies demonstrated long-term stimulation of some commercial personal care products (PCPs) on freshwater luminescent bacteria Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 (Q67). However, whether a certain component can affect mixture's hormetic effect is still unknown. In this paper, two of ingredients in PCPs, 2-phenoxyethanol (PhE) and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400), were selected as object compounds to explore the relationship between concentration-response (CR) of mixtures and that of a single component. It was found that PEG400 has monotonic CR (MCR) on Q67 both at the short-term (0.25 h) and long-term (12 h) exposures while PhE has MCR at 0.25 h and hormetic CR (HCR) at 12 h. Here, the concentration-response curves (CRCs) of PEG400 at 0.25 and 12 h are overlapped each other and the CRCs of PEG400 are on the right of PhE. If the pEC50 is taken as a toxic index, the toxicities of PEG400 at two times are basically the same, and those of PhE are the same, too, but PhE is twice as toxic as PEG400. For the mixtures of PEG400 and PhE, all rays except R1 have MCRs at 0.25 h while all rays have HCRs at 12 h where the higher the mixture ratio of PhE is, the more negative the maximum stimulation effect is. More importantly, the Emin values of all rays are more negative (1.79-3.17-fold) than that of PhE worked alone, which implies that the introduction of PEG400 significantly enhances stimulative effect of PhE. At 0.25 h, all binary mixture rays but R1 produce a low-concentration additive action and high-concentration synergism. At 12 h, all rays display additive action, antagonism, additive action, and synergism in turn when the concentration changes from low to high. The overall findings suggested toxicological interactions should be considered in the risk assessment of PCPs and their potential impacts on ecological balances.

背景与目标： : 先前的研究表明，一些商业个人护理产品 (pcp) 对淡水发光细菌qq67 (Q67) 的长期刺激。但是，某种成分是否会影响混合物的反应效果仍然未知。本文选择PCPs中的两种成分2-苯氧乙醇 (PhE) 和聚乙二醇400 (PEG400) 作为目标化合物，以探讨混合物的浓度-响应 (CR) 与单个组分之间的关系。发现PEG400在Q67上具有短期 (0.25  h) 和长期 (12  h) 暴露的单调CR (MCR)，而PhE在0.25  h具有MCR，在12  h具有模拟CR (HCR)。h。这里，PEG400在0.25和12 h的浓度-响应曲线 (CRCs) 彼此重叠，并且PEG400的CRCs在PhE的右侧。如果将pEC50作为毒性指标，则两次PEG400的毒性基本相同，PhE的毒性也相同，但是PhE的毒性是PEG400的两倍。对于PEG400和PhE的混合物，除R1外的所有射线在0.25  h时均具有MCRs，而所有射线在12  h时均具有hcr，其中PhE的混合比越高，最大刺激效果越负面。更重要的是，所有射线的Emin值比单独工作的PhE值更负 (1.79-3.17倍)，这意味着PEG400的引入显著增强了PhE的刺激作用。在0.25  h时，除了R1之外的所有二元混合物射线产生低浓度的加性作用和高浓度的协同作用。在12  h时，当浓度从低到高时，所有射线依次显示加和作用，拮抗作用，加和作用和协同作用。总体发现表明，在PCPs的风险评估中应考虑毒理学相互作用及其对生态平衡的潜在影响。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The high content of lignin in bamboo is considered as the major obstacle for its biorefining. In this work, a green, lignin-selective, and recyclable solvent of phenoxyethanol was coupled with acid solution to deconstruct recalcitrant structure of bamboo residues (BR) to boost its enzymatic digestibility. Results showed phenoxyethanol has excellent lignin-removal ability from 29.4% to 91.6% when phenoxyethanol1 at 120 °C. 82.5%-87.8% of cellulose was preserved in pretreated BR. The enzymatic digestibility of BR significantly improved from 20.0% to 91.3% when it was pretreated under optimized conditions. With lower enzyme dosages (10 FPU/g) and 5 recycled using of pretreatment liquor, pretreated BR still showed a good enzymatic digestibility of 67.4%-93.7% and 67.1-76.8%, respectively. Examination of physicochemical changes revealed that improvements to accessibility, reduction of crystallite size, decrease of surface lignin and hydrophobicity for pretreated BR showed positive correlations (R2 > 0.7) with their enzymatic digestibility.

背景与目标： 竹子中木质素含量高被认为是其生物精制的主要障碍。在这项工作中，将绿色，木质素选择性和可回收的苯氧乙醇溶剂与酸溶液偶联，以解构竹渣 (BR) 的顽固结构，以提高其酶消化率。结果表明，当苯氧基乙醇在120 °C时，苯氧乙醇从29.4% 到91.6% 具有优异的木质素去除能力。82.5%-87.8% 的纤维素保存在预处理的BR中。当在优化条件下对BR进行预处理时，BR的酶消化率从20.0% 显着提高到91.3%。使用较低的酶剂量 (10 FPU/g) 和5使用预处理液再循环，预处理的BR仍然分别显示出67.4%-93.7% 和67.1-76.8% 的良好酶消化率。物理化学变化的检查表明，预处理BR的可及性的改善，微晶尺寸的减小，表面木质素的减小和疏水性的降低与它们的酶消化率呈正相关 (R2> 0.7)。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The effects of phenoxyethanol, chlorhexidine and a mixture of both on subgingival plaque samples from 44 patients with chronic periodontitis were investigated in vitro. At a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml, chlorhexidine inhibited the growth of all cultivable bacteria in all 44 samples while a comparable effect was achieved with phenoxyethanol only at a concentration of 20 mg/ml. All cultivable bacteria in the samples were inhibited by a mixture of the two agents containing 5 mg/ml of phenoxyethanol and 0.125 mg/ml of chlorhexidine i.e. considerably lower concentrations than when the agents were used separately. Kill times for 99.9% of bacteria in 19 of the plaque samples were less than 15 min using a chlorhexidine concentration of 0.125 mg/ml, but were from 24 to greater than 240 min with 10 mg/ml phenoxyethanol. A mixture of the two agents at these concentrations was more effective than either agent alone with 99.9% kill times of less than 10 min. This investigation has shown that the addition of phenoxyethanol to chlorhexidine results in a mixture which is effective against bacteria found in subgingival plaque samples from patients with chronic periodontitis. It also implies that formulations with lower concentrations of chlorhexidine than those currently in use may be effective as adjuncts in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.

背景与目标： : 在体外研究了苯氧乙醇，洗必泰和两者的混合物对44例慢性牙周炎患者的龈下菌斑样品的影响。在0.5 mg/ml的浓度下，洗必泰抑制了所有44个样品中所有可培养细菌的生长，而仅在20 mg/ml的浓度下使用苯氧乙醇实现了相当的效果。样品中的所有可培养细菌均被含有5 mg/ml苯氧乙醇和0.125 mg/ml氯己定的两种试剂的混合物抑制，即比单独使用试剂时的浓度低得多。使用0.125 mg/ml的洗必泰浓度，在19个斑块样品中99.9% 细菌的杀死时间小于15分钟，但使用10 mg/ml苯氧乙醇从24到大于240分钟。在这些浓度下，两种试剂的混合物比单独使用任何一种试剂更有效，99.9% 杀死时间少于10分钟。这项研究表明，向洗必泰中添加苯氧乙醇可产生一种混合物，该混合物可有效对抗慢性牙周炎患者的龈下菌斑样品中发现的细菌。这也意味着洗必泰浓度低于目前使用的制剂可能有效地作为治疗慢性牙周炎的辅助制剂。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:Administration of ethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers to rodents causes acute hemolytic anemia. Metabolic activation of these chemicals to alkoxyacetic acids is required to develop hemolytic effect. Current study was undertaken to compare the hemolytic activity of isopropoxyethanol (IPE) and phenoxyethanol (PhE) in male rats. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the role of alkyl and aryl group in hemolytic activity of ethylene glycol ethers. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Rats were treated subcutaneously with single doses of 0, 0.625, 1.25 and 2.5 mmol IPE/kg body weight or 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mmol PhE/kg. At 0, 6, 24, 48, 144, 216, and 600 h after dosing, blood samples were collected from end tail of rats and various blood indices were measured. RESULTS:Administration of both chemicals resulted in a time- and dose-dependent swelling of erythrocytes as evidenced by an early increase in packed cell volumes and mean cell volume. Subsequently, red blood cells, total hemoglobin concentration, and packed cell volumes decreased when hemolysis progressed. Furthermore, an increase in plasma hemoglobin concentration and reticulocyte counts was observed. The onset of hemolysis induced by IPE was faster than that after PhE administration. The hemolytic activity of IPE was about tenfold higher in comparison with PhE. CONCLUSIONS:It is likely that the lower hemolytic activity of PhE is associated with inhibitory effect of aryl group on hemolytic action of this compound. Phenyl group, in contrast with alkyl moiety, represents electron acceptor system which exerts resonance and inductive effects and leads to changes in acid strength, also in case of phenoxyacetic acid, a metabolite of PhE.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Using a modified FCA (Freund's complete adjuvant) procedure, the sensitizing capacity of Euxyl K 400 and its ingredients, 1,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane and 2-phenoxyethanol, has been studied in guinea pigs. The experiments demonstrate that a distinct but weak sensitizing potency exists for Euxyl K 400 and dibromodicyanobutane. Phenoxyethanol remained almost negative. These results are in good accordance with the low number of cases of allergic contact dermatitis due to Euxyl K 400 and dibromodicyanobutane described since their introduction on the market. Cases of phenoxyethanol contact allergy have been published hitherto only 4x in the medical literature.

背景与目标： : 使用改良的FCA (弗氏完全佐剂) 程序，已在豚鼠中研究了Euxyl K 400及其成分1,2-二溴-2,4-二氰基丁烷和2-苯氧乙醇的敏化能力。实验表明，对于Euxyl K 400和二溴二氰基丁烷存在明显但较弱的敏化能力。苯氧乙醇几乎保持阴性。这些结果与自引入市场以来描述的由于Euxyl K 400和二溴二氰基丁烷引起的过敏性接触性皮炎的低病例数非常一致。迄今为止，在医学文献中，苯氧乙醇接触过敏的病例仅发表了4倍。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The authors developed a simple and rapid method for quantitation of 2-phenoxyethanol (2-PE) in DTwP vaccine based on reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The method was simple and reproducible. The sensitivity of the assay was confirmed by spiking known amounts of 2-phenoxyethanol to the vaccine sample.

背景与目标： : 作者开发了一种基于反相高效液相色谱 (HPLC) 的简单快速定量DTwP疫苗中2-苯氧乙醇 (2-PE) 的方法。该方法简单，重现性好。通过将已知量的2-苯氧乙醇掺入疫苗样品来确认测定的敏感性。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :PDGF promotes growth of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and induces morphological changes. We investigated the effects of PDGF on cell-matrix adhesion of SMCs. PDGF reorganized integrin distribution as well as actin filament structure. PDGF-treated cells attached more loosely to fibronectin than non-treated cells. Decreased expression of alpha-actin by PDGF was antagonized by coating culture dishes with fibronectin but not with vitronectin and laminin. The inhibition of cell adhesion by GRGDSP oligopeptide and anti-fibronectin receptor antibody led to the reduction in alpha-actin expression. These results suggest that PDGF may modulate phenotype of SMCs by altering fibronectin-integrin interaction.

背景与目标： : PDGF促进平滑肌细胞 (smc) 的生长并诱导形态学变化。我们研究了PDGF对smc细胞基质粘附的影响。PDGF重组整合素分布以及肌动蛋白丝结构。PDGF处理的细胞比未处理的细胞更松散地附着在纤连蛋白上。通过用纤连蛋白包被培养皿而不是玻连蛋白和层粘连蛋白来拮抗PDGF降低的 α-肌动蛋白表达。GRGDSP寡肽和抗纤连蛋白受体抗体对细胞粘附的抑制导致 α-肌动蛋白表达降低。这些结果表明，PDGF可能通过改变纤连蛋白-整联蛋白相互作用来调节smc的表型。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Recently, we discovered that the cosmetic preservatives, benzalkonium chloride and formaldehyde, are especially toxic to human meibomian gland epithelial cells (HMGECs). Exposure to these agents, at concentrations approved for human use, leads within hours to cellular atrophy and death. We hypothesize that these effects are not unique, and that other cosmetic preservatives also exert adverse effects on HMGECs. Such compounds include parabens, phenoxyethanol and chlorphenesin, which have been reported to be toxic to corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells, the liver and kidney, as well as to irritate the eye. To test our hypothesis, we examined the influence of parabens, phenoxyethanol and chlorphenesin on the morphology, signaling, survival, proliferation and lipid expression of immortalized (I) HMGECs. These cells were cultured under proliferating or differentiating conditions with varying concentrations of methylparaben, ethylparaben, phenoxyethanol and chlorphenesin for up to 5 days. We monitored the signaling ability, appearance, number and neutral lipid content of the IHMGECs, as well as their lysosome accumulation. Our findings show that a 30-min exposure of IHMGECs to these preservatives results in a significant reduction in the activity of the Akt pathway. This effect is dose-dependent and occurs at concentrations equal to (chlorphenesin) and less than (all others) those dosages approved for human use. Further, a 24-h treatment of the IHMGECs with concentrations of methylparaben, ethylparaben, phenoxyethanol and chlorphenesin close to, or at, the approved human dose induces cellular atrophy and death. At all concentrations tested, no preservative stimulated IHMGEC proliferation. Of particular interest, it was not possible to evaluate the influence of these preservatives, at close to human approved dosages, on IHMGEC differentiation, because the cells did not survive the treatment. In summary, our results support our hypothesis and show that methylparaben, ethylparaben, phenoxyethanol and chlorphenesin are toxic to IHMGECs.

背景与目标： : 最近，我们发现化妆品防腐剂苯扎氯铵和甲醛对人睑板腺上皮细胞 (HMGECs) 特别有毒。在批准用于人类的浓度下，暴露于这些药物会在数小时内导致细胞萎缩和死亡。我们假设这些作用不是唯一的，并且其他化妆品防腐剂也对HMGECs产生不利影响。这些化合物包括对羟基苯甲酸酯，苯氧乙醇和氯酚，据报道它们对角膜和结膜上皮细胞，肝脏和肾脏有毒，并刺激眼睛。为了验证我们的假设，我们检查了对羟基苯甲酸酯，苯氧乙醇和氯苯甲素对永生化 (I) HMGECs的形态，信号传导，存活，增殖和脂质表达的影响。这些细胞在增殖或分化条件下用不同浓度的对羟基苯甲酸甲酯，对羟基苯甲酸乙酯，苯氧乙醇和氯酚素培养长达5天。我们监测了IHMGECs的信号传导能力，外观，数量和中性脂质含量，以及它们的溶酶体积累。我们的发现表明，IHMGECs暴露于这些防腐剂30分钟会导致Akt途径活性显着降低。这种作用是剂量依赖性的，并且在等于 (氯酚素) 且小于 (所有其他) 批准用于人类的剂量的浓度下发生。此外，用浓度接近或接近批准的人剂量的对羟基苯甲酸甲酯，对羟基苯甲酸乙酯，苯氧乙醇和扑尔敏的24小时处理IHMGECs会导致细胞萎缩和死亡。在所有测试浓度下，都没有防腐剂刺激IHMGEC增殖。特别令人感兴趣的是，不可能评估这些防腐剂在接近人类批准的剂量下对IHMGEC分化的影响，因为细胞无法在处理中存活。总而言之，我们的结果支持了我们的假设，并表明对羟基苯甲酸甲酯，对羟基苯甲酸乙酯，苯氧乙醇和氯酚对IHMGECs有毒。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: -2

背景与目标： -2

BACKGROUND & AIMS: -2

背景与目标： -2

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) uses the secretion of the chin gland to maintain dominance hierarchies in the wild. Recent work has investigated changes in the secretion when social status is manipulated in the rabbit. When a rabbit becomes dominant, a new compound appears in his secretion, 2-phenoxyethanol. This compound is used as a fixative in the perfume industry. This study investigates whether the compound performs a similar function in the secretion of the rabbit. 2-Phenoxyethanol is not detected olfactorially by rabbits, and slows the release rate of some of the compounds that occur naturally in rabbit chin gland secretion. We suggest that when a rabbit becomes dominant, he adds a fixative to his secretion so that his scent will persist in the environment and not dissipate. He will thus come to dominate the olfactory environment, in much the same way as he does the physical environment.

背景与目标： : 欧洲兔子 (Oryctolagus cuniculus) 在野外使用下巴腺的分泌物来维持优势等级。最近的工作研究了在兔子中操纵社会地位时分泌物的变化。当兔子占主导地位时，他的分泌物中会出现一种新的化合物2-苯氧乙醇。该化合物在香料工业中用作固定剂。这项研究调查了该化合物在兔子的分泌中是否具有相似的功能。2-苯氧乙醇在兔子的嗅觉上没有检测到，并且减慢了兔子下巴腺分泌中天然存在的某些化合物的释放速率。我们建议，当兔子占主导地位时，他会在分泌物中添加固定剂，以使其气味在环境中持续存在而不会消散。因此，他将以与物理环境几乎相同的方式来统治嗅觉环境。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In this study, the toxic effects of phenoxyethanol (Phy-Et), which is widely used in cosmetic industry, has been investigated with Allium test by means of physiological, cytogenetic, anatomical and biochemical parameters. To determine the changes in physiological reactions weight gain, relative injury rate, germination percentage and root length were investigated. Malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathion and catalase levels were analyzed as biochemical parameters for determining the presence of oxidative stress. Mitotic index, micronucleus and chromosomal abnormality frequencies were studied as cytogenetic evaluation and the anatomical changes in root tip cells were investigated by cross sections. Changes in surface polarity and wettability were investigated by taking contact angle measurements of pressed root preparations. The mechanism of toxicity has been tried to be explained by these contact angles and this is the first study using contact angle measurements in toxicity tests. Consequently, exposure to Phy-Et resulted in a decrease in all measured physiological parameters and in mitotic index. In contrast, significant increases in the micronucleus and chromosomal abnormality frequencies were observed and the most significant toxic effect was found in 10 mM Phy-Et treated group. Phy-Et application induced oxidative damage and caused a significant increase in malondialdehyde level and a decrease in glutathione level compared to control group. Also a response occured against oxidative damage in superoxide dismutase and catalase activity and the activities increased in 2.5 mM and 5 mM Phy-Et treated groups and decreased in 10 mM Phy-Et treated groups. Furthermore, Phy-Et treatment resulted in some anatomical damages and changes such as necrosis, cell deformation and thickening of the cortex cell wall in root tip meristem cells of A. cepa. In the contact angle measurements taken against water, it was found that the wettability and hydrophilicity of the root preparations treated with Phy-Et were reduced, and this was the explanation of the growth abnormalities associated with water uptake. As a result, it was found that Phy-Et application caused toxic effects on many viability parameters and A. cepa test material was a reliable biomarker in determining these effects.

背景与目标： : 在这项研究中，已通过生理，细胞遗传学，解剖和生化参数通过葱试验研究了广泛用于化妆品行业的苯氧乙醇 (phy-et) 的毒性作用。为了确定生理反应的变化，研究了体重增加，相对伤害率，发芽率和根长。分析丙二醛，超氧化物歧化酶，谷胱甘肽和过氧化氢酶水平作为确定氧化应激存在的生化参数。研究了有丝分裂指数，微核和染色体异常频率作为细胞遗传学评估，并通过横截面研究了根尖细胞的解剖变化。通过对压榨的根制剂进行接触角测量，研究了表面极性和润湿性的变化。已尝试通过这些接触角来解释毒性的机理，这是在毒性测试中使用接触角测量的第一项研究。因此，暴露于Phy-Et会导致所有测得的生理参数和有丝分裂指数降低。相反，在10 mm Phy-Et治疗组中观察到微核和染色体异常频率显着增加，并且发现最显着的毒性作用。与对照组相比，Phy-Et应用可诱导氧化损伤，并导致丙二醛水平显着增加，谷胱甘肽水平降低。超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性也发生了抗氧化损伤的反应，2.5  mM和5  mM Phy-Et处理组的活性增加，而10  mM Phy-Et处理组的活性降低。此外，phy-et处理导致了cepa根尖分生组织细胞的一些解剖学损伤和变化，例如坏死，细胞变形和皮质细胞壁增厚。在对水进行的接触角测量中，发现用Phy-Et处理的根制剂的润湿性和亲水性降低了，这解释了与吸水相关的生长异常。结果发现，phy-et应用对许多生存力参数产生毒性作用，而a.cepa测试材料是确定这些作用的可靠生物标志物。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of 2-phenoxyethanol (2-PE) as an anesthetic in great sturgeon under two experiments. First, fish were exposed to 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 mL/L 2-PE, and time to induction (deep anesthesia) and recovery from anesthesia were measured. At concentration of 0.1 mL/L, 2-PE failed to induce deep anesthesia in fish, whereas at concentrations of 0.7 and 0.9 mL/L, all the fish were anaesthetized within 3 min of exposure. For assessing the impact of effective concentrations of 2-PE on physiological responses of great sturgeon, hematological indices, plasma metabolites, electrolytes, enzymes and cortisol levels were measured. The use of 2-PE induces a significant increase in RBC values at 0.3 mL/L concentration and a parallel increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit values. 2-PE anesthesia had no effect on WBC, MCV, MCH and MCHC levels when compared to control group. Serum glucose, cholesterol and cortisol levels were significantly high in 0.3 and 0.5 mL/L 2-PE. Moreover, AST levels were increased in fish exposed to the 0.3 mL/L 2-PE comparing with the control group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in serum levels of total protein, triglycerides, ALP, ALT, Cl(-), Na(+), K(+), Ca(2+) and Mg(2+). In this study, alteration in hematological and serum biochemical indices was time-dependent. This study demonstrates that rapid induction of deep anesthesia with a relatively high concentration of 2-PE (0.7 and 0.9 mL/L) was associated with the lowest effects on the hematological and serum biochemical indices in great sturgeon and therefore would be recommended as eligible doses for hematological studies in this species.

背景与目标： : 该研究的目的是在两个实验中评估2-苯氧乙醇 (2-PE) 作为大st鱼麻醉剂的功效。首先，将fish暴露于0.1，0.3，0.5，0.7和0.9 mL/L 2-PE中，并测量诱导 (深度麻醉) 和麻醉恢复的时间。在浓度为0.1 mL/L时，2-PE未能在鱼中诱导深度麻醉，而在浓度为0.7和0.9 mL/L时，所有鱼在暴露后3分钟内均被麻醉。为了评估有效浓度的2-PE对大st鱼生理反应的影响，测量了血液学指标，血浆代谢产物，电解质，酶和皮质醇水平。使用2-PE诱导在0.3 mL/L浓度下RBC值的显着增加，并且血红蛋白和血细胞比容值的平行增加。与对照组相比，2-PE麻醉对WBC，MCV，MCH和MCHC水平没有影响。0.3和0.5 mL/L 2-PE的血清葡萄糖，胆固醇和皮质醇水平显着升高。此外，与对照组相比，暴露于0.3 mL/L 2-PE的鱼的AST水平增加 (P <0.05)。血清总蛋白，甘油三酸酯，ALP，ALT，Cl(-)，Na ()，K ()，Ca(2) 和Mg(2) 的水平无显着差异。在这项研究中，血液学和血清生化指标的变化与时间有关。这项研究表明，以相对高浓度的2-PE (0.7和0.9 mL/L) 快速诱导深度麻醉与对大st鱼的血液学和血清生化指标的最低影响相关，因此将被推荐为该物种血液学研究的合格剂量。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :A toxicologic and dermatologic review of 2-phenoxyethanol when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. 2-Phenoxyethanol is a member of the fragrance structural group Aryl Alkyl Alcohols and is a primary alcohol. The AAAs are a structurally diverse class of fragrance ingredients that includes primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl alcohols covalently bonded to an aryl (Ar) group, which may be either a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring. The common structural element for the AAA fragrance ingredients is an alcohol group -C-(R1)(R2)OH and generically the AAA fragrances can be represented as an Ar-C-(R1)(R2)OH or Ar-Alkyl-C-(R1)(R2)OH group. This review contains a detailed summary of all available toxicology and dermatology papers that are related to this individual fragrance ingredient and is not intended as a stand-alone document. Available data for 2-phenoxyethanol were evaluated then summarized and includes physical properties, acute toxicity, skin irritation, mucous membrane (eye) irritation, skin sensitization, elicitation, phototoxicity, photoallergy, toxicokinetics, repeated dose, and reproductive toxicity data. A safety assessment of the entire Aryl Alkyl Alcohols will be published simultaneously with this document; please refer to Belsito et al. (2012) for an overall assessment of the safe use of this material and all Aryl Alkyl Alcohols in fragrances.

背景与目标： : 介绍了2-苯氧乙醇用作香料成分时的毒理学和皮肤病学综述。2-苯氧乙醇是芳香结构基团芳基烷基醇的成员，是伯醇。AAAs是结构上不同的香料成分，包括与芳基 (Ar) 共价键合的伯，仲和叔烷基醇，芳基 (Ar) 可以是取代的或未取代的苯环。AAA香料成分的常见结构元素是醇基-C-(R1)(R2)OH，通常AAA香料可以表示为Ar-C-(R1)(R2)OH或Ar-烷基-C-(R1)(R2)OH基团。这篇评论包含所有可用的毒理学和皮肤病学论文的详细摘要，这些论文与这种单独的香料成分有关，并且不打算作为独立的文件。然后对2-苯氧乙醇的可用数据进行了总结，包括物理特性，急性毒性，皮肤刺激，粘膜 (眼) 刺激，皮肤致敏，激发，光毒性，光过敏，毒代动力学，重复剂量和生殖毒性数据。整个芳基烷基醇的安全性评估将与本文件同时公布; 关于该材料和所有芳基烷基醇在香料中的安全使用的总体评估，请参考Belsito等人 (2012)。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :A novel reversed-phase HPLC method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of 2-phenoxyethanol, methylparaben, ethylparaben and propylparaben preservatives. The method uses a Lichrosorb C8 (150×4.6 mm, 5 µm) column and isocratic elution. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran and water (21:13:66, v/v/v), pumped at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The UV detection was set at 258 nm. The method was validated with respect to accuracy, precision (repeatability and intermediate precision), specificity, linearity and range. All the parameters examined met the current recommendations for bioanalytical method validation. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of commercially available pharmaceutical gel products for these preservatives. The procedure describes here is simple, selective and reliable for routine quality control analysis and stability tests.

背景与目标： : 已开发出一种新颖的反相HPLC方法，并已用于同时测定2-苯氧乙醇，对羟基苯甲酸甲酯，对羟基苯甲酸乙酯和对羟基苯甲酸丙酯的防腐剂。该方法使用lichrosorbc8 (150 × 4.6毫米，5μm) 柱和等度洗脱。流动相由乙腈，四氢呋喃和水 (21:13:66，v/v) 的混合物组成，以1毫升/min的流速泵送。UV检测设置在258 nm。该方法在准确性，精密度 (重复性和中间精密度)，特异性，线性和范围方面进行了验证。检查的所有参数均符合当前有关生物分析方法验证的建议。所开发的方法已成功应用于测定这些防腐剂的市售药物凝胶产品。此处描述的程序简单，选择性且可靠，可用于常规质量控制分析和稳定性测试。