BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In this study, a new nondestructive technique for passport examination is proposed. In this technique, linearly polarized light is used to measure Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) reflectance spectra of films on the biographical data page. Thirty genuine and thirty-five counterfeit Japanese passports and five marketed films pasted on name cards were examined. The measured spectra were analyzed as follows. The absorption spectra were obtained by the Kramers-Kronig transformations of reflectance spectra. The peak ratios were then calculated from the absorption spectra by adding the peak areas at 1126 and 1263 cm(-1) and dividing the result by the peak area at 1727 cm(-1). When nonpolarized light was used, the samples could not be distinguished by comparing the peak ratios. However, when polarized light was used, they were successfully distinguished by the comparison. Therefore, polarized light is useful for the forensic discrimination of passport films by the measurement of FT-IR spectra.

背景与目标： ：在这项研究中，提出了一种新的护照无损检测技术。在此技术中，线偏振光用于测量传记数据页面上胶片的傅立叶变换红外（FT-IR）反射光谱。检查了三十三本伪造的日本护照和三十五本伪造的日本护照，以及五张贴在名片上的市售影片。所测量的光谱如下分析。通过反射光谱的Kramers-Kronig变换获得吸收光谱。然后，通过将1126和1263 cm（-1）处的峰面积相加并将结果除以1727 cm（-1）处的峰面积，从吸收光谱中计算出峰比。使用非偏振光时，无法通过比较峰比率来区分样品。然而，当使用偏振光时，通过比较成功地将它们区分开。因此，偏振光可用于通过FT-IR光谱的测量来鉴别护照薄膜。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Long term bioassays in animals cannot reliably forecast unknown potential but distant human risks, and especially cancer risks. The genetic, anatomic, physiologic, behavioral and environmental adaptations of rats and mice - the officially prescribed animals - are not relevant to humans. Even bioassay results for the two prescribed species are not mutually predictive. The dearth of human relevance is augmented by arbitrary and incongruous default assumptions, also officially prescribed for the conduct and interpretation of bioassays in rats and mice. Moreover, and contrary to publicized perceptions, bioassay results are freely evaded in the markup of regulations, with the imposition of arbitrary safety factors and the guided opinions of ad hoc appointed advisory committees. Regardless of bioassay results, actual regulations of unknowable distant risks end up allowing those minimum exposures that are still compatible with uses deemed necessary or useful for the common welfare. Thus it would seem sensible to do away with very costly long-term bioassays irrelevant to humans and whose results are anyway bypassed, and to focus regulations on short-term effects relevant to humans, and on transparent cost and benefit considerations toward minimizing useful exposures.

背景与目标： ：动物的长期生物测定不能可靠地预测潜在的未知因素，但有遥远的人类风险，尤其是癌症风险。大鼠和小鼠（官方指定的动物）的遗传，解剖，生理，行为和环境适应与人类无关。甚至两个规定物种的生物测定结果也不是相互预测的。人类相关性的缺乏由于任意和不协调的默认假设而加剧，默认假设也被正式规定用于在大鼠和小鼠中进行和进行生物测定。而且，与公开的看法相反，生物测定的结果在规章的标记中被随意规避，施加了任意的安全系数和特设咨询委员会的指导意见。不管生物测定的结果如何，最终的不可知的远距离风险的实际规定最终都允许那些仍与认为对共同福利必要或有用的用途兼容的最低暴露量。因此，取消与人类无关，成本高昂的长期生物测定方法，无论如何都要避免其结果，而将法规重点放在与人类有关的短期影响上，以及将透明的成本和收益考虑因素集中到最大限度地减少有用的暴露量上，似乎是明智的。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Purpose:To compare the intermodality and interreader agreement for geographic atrophy (GA) lesion size quantification in green-light fundus autofluorescence (GAF; excitation = 518 nm) versus combined blue-light fundus autofluorescence (BAF; excitation = 488 nm) and near-infrared reflectance (NIR; 820 nm) -based grading. Methods:Confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO) GAF, BAF, and NIR images of 40 eyes from 29 patients (mean age 79.7 years) with GA secondary to AMD were recorded according to a standardized protocol. GA areas were analyzed in GAF, BAF combined with NIR (BAF+NIR), or BAF alone, by four independent readers using semiautomated software (RegionFinder; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). A mixed-effects model was used to assess the effect of image modality on the measured square-root lesion area. The coefficient of repeatability (CR) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were assessed for the square-root lesion area, lesion perimeter, and circularity. Results:GAF-based measurements were on average 0.062 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04-0.08 mm) larger than BAF+NIR-based measurements and 0.077 mm (95% CI 0.06 - 0.10 mm) larger than BAF-based measurements. Interreader agreement was highest for GAF-based analysis ([CR, ICC] 0.196 mm, 0.995) followed by BAF+NIR (0.232 mm, 0.992) and BAF alone (0.263 mm, 0.991). The same was noted for the lesion perimeter and circularity. Post hoc review revealed that interreader differences were associated with media opacification interfering with lesion boundary demarcation to a larger extent in BAF than in GAF. Conclusions:cSLO-based GAF and combined BAF+NIR imaging with semiautomated lesion delineation allow for an accurate and reproducible quantification of GA. The slightly better interreader agreement using cSLO GAF suggests that its use may be preferable in clinical trials examining the change in lesion size as a clinical endpoint.

背景与目标： 目的：比较绿光眼底自发荧光（GAF；激发= 518 nm）与蓝光眼底自发荧光（BAF；激发= 488 nm）和近-基于红外反射率（NIR; 820 nm）的分级。
方法：按照标准方案记录29例年龄平均为79.7岁，继发于AMD的GA患者的40只眼的椎间扫描激光检眼镜（cSLO）GAF，BAF和NIR图像。四个独立的读者使用半自动化软件（RegionFinder； Heidelberg Engineering，Heidelberg，Germany），在GAF，BAF与NIR（BAF NIR）结合或单独使用BAF中分析了GA区域。使用混合效应模型来评估图像模态对所测量的平方根病变区域的影响。对平方根病变面积，病变周长和圆度评估了重复性系数（CR）和组内相关系数（ICC）。
结果：基于GAF的测量值比基于BAF NIR的测量值平均大0.062 mm（95％置信区间[CI] 0.04-0.08 mm），比基于BAF的测量值大0.077 mm（95％CI 0.06-0.10 mm）。基于GAF的分析（[CR，ICC] 0.196 mm，0.995）的阅读器间协议最高，其次是BAF NIR（0.232 mm，0.992）和单独的BAF（0.263 mm，0.991）。病变周长和圆形度也相同。事后审查显示，与GAF相比，BAF中阅读者之间的差异与媒介混浊干扰病灶边界的程度更大。
结论：基于cSLO的GAF以及结合BAF NIR成像和半自动病变描述，可以对GA进行准确且可重复的定量。使用cSLO GAF的阅读器之间的协议稍好，这表明在临床研究中（病灶大小变化作为临床终点）可能更可取。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We have developed a simple technique for establishing high-quality intraoperative fluorescence imaging in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. The technique of transaortic injection of indocyanine green is an effective method of achieving clear fluorescence imaging and for evaluating the quality of graft anastomoses. We consider the images obtained with this technique to be equivalent to those obtained by conventional coronary angiography with selective enhancement of the graft.

背景与目标： ：我们开发了一种简单的技术，可用于在非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术中建立高质量的术中荧光成像。经主动脉注射吲哚菁绿的技术是一种实现清晰荧光成像并评估移植物吻合术质量的有效方法。我们认为用该技术获得的图像与通过选择性增强移植物的常规冠状动脉血管造影获得的图像等效。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The key component in the so-called EPRI effective dose equivalent (EDE) methodology is an algorithm that utilizes two dosimeters (instead of multiple dosimeters) to predict the EDE for external photon exposures. The exposure scenarios that were previously studied in deriving the algorithm include parallel photon beams and point sources 33 cm from the body surface. The motivation for this study was the need to investigate source locations within 33 cm from the body so the method is more widely applicable. The ORNL stylized mathematical human phantoms and the MCNP code were used to calculate organ doses in this study. This paper presents the EDE data for point gamma sources at 0.3, 1.0, and 1.5 MeV, respectively, which are located at 10 cm from the surface of the body. The results and analyses show that the locations ranging from the overhead to the foot have resulted in conservative ratios except for two general regions near the front upper thigh and directly overhead. If all locations considered in this study were averaged for each photon energy, the overall ratio is on the conservative side. These data suggest that the EPRI EDE methodology is still valid for sources located 10 cm from the body, although the chance for resulting in a non-conservative estimate of the EDE has increased in comparison with the sources located at 30 cm from the body. Finally, this paper provides recommendations on how to apply the EPRI EDE methodology.

背景与目标： ：所谓的EPRI有效剂量当量（EDE）方法中的关键组件是一种算法，该算法利用两个剂量计（而不是多个剂量计）来预测外部光子暴露的EDE。先前在推导算法时曾研究过的曝光场景包括平行光子束和距体表33 cm的点光源。这项研究的动机是需要调查距人体33厘米以内的放射源位置，因此该方法更广泛地适用。在本研究中，使用了ORNL程式化的数学人体模型和MCNP代码来计算器官剂量。本文介绍了分别位于距人体表面10 cm处的0.3 MeV，1.0 MeV和1.5 MeV的点伽马源的EDE数据。结果和分析表明，从头顶到脚的位置范围导致了保守的比率，除了大腿前上方和直接头顶附近的两个一般区域。如果在本研究中考虑的所有位置均针对每种光子能量求平均值，则总体比率处于保守的一面。这些数据表明，EPRI EDE方法对于距离人体10厘米处的放射源仍然有效，尽管与位于人体30厘米处的放射源相比，导致EDE非保守估计的机会有所增加。最后，本文提供了有关如何应用EPRI EDE方法的建议。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :This Special Section Guest Editorial provides an overview of the topical area and an introduction to the articles featured in the special section.

背景与目标： ：本特别节的客座社论提供了主题区域的概述，并对特别节中的文章进行了介绍。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive optical technique for bedside evaluation of cerebral metabolism that has clinical potential for monitoring the efficacy of pharmacological treatment. In this pilot study, we investigated the cognitive effects of methylphenidate (MP) on prefrontal function using fNIRS in healthy subjects. METHODS:Thirteen right-handed healthy subjects underwent working memory tasks (0-back and 2-back) after a single oral dose of MP (20 mg) or placebo administered in a double-blind crossover design on two different days separated by 1-3 days. We measured changes in oxyhemoglobin (oxy-Hb) and deoxyhemoglobin (deoxy-Hb) concentrations during the tasks in bilateral prefrontal regions after MP or placebo administration using two-channel fNIRS. RESULTS:There were significantly more correct responses and fewer missed responses during the 2-back task performance after MP treatment as compared with placebo. Baseline-corrected oxy-Hb was significantly decreased after MP treatment compared with the placebo in the 2-back task in the right frontal region but was not different in the 0-back task. Baseline-corrected deoxy-Hb and total-Hb concentrations were not significant between MP and placebo conditions in either of the cognitive tasks. CONCLUSIONS:These data are consistent with previous positron emission tomography findings of MP-mediated reduction in lateral prefrontal activity accompanied by improved cognitive performance.

背景与目标： 目的：功能性近红外光谱法（fNIRS）是一种非侵入性光学技术，可在床头评估脑部新陈代谢，具有监测药理学疗效的临床潜力。在这项初步研究中，我们调查了健康受试者中使用fNIRS的哌醋甲酯（MP）对前额叶功能的认知作用。
方法：13名右撇子健康受试者在双盲交叉设计中，在两天内分别以双盲交叉设计给予单次口服MP（20 mg）或安慰剂，进行了工作记忆任务（0背和2背）。 3天。我们在使用双通道fNIRS进行MP或安慰剂给药后，测量了双侧前额叶区域任务期间氧合血红蛋白（oxy-Hb）和脱氧血红蛋白（deoxy-Hb）浓度的变化。
结果：与安慰剂相比，MP治疗后的2背任务执行过程中，正确的反应明显多，漏掉的反应少。与安慰剂相比，MP处理后基线校正的oxy-Hb在右额叶区域的2后卫任务中较安慰剂显着降低，但在0后卫任务中无差异。在任一认知任务中，MP和安慰剂条件之间经基线校正的脱氧血红蛋白和总血红蛋白浓度均不显着。
结论：这些数据与以前的正电子发射断层扫描所发现的MP介导的侧前额叶活动减少以及认知能力改善相一致。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :This study sought to investigate the relationship between going outdoor daily and prefrontal cortex activation during execution of the VFT using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in community-dwelling older adults. Blood oxygenation changes in left and right prefrontal cortices were measured in twenty older adults (mean age 76.1 ± 6.7 years) by NIRS during VFT performance. In this task, participants were required to pronounce as many nouns as possible beginning with the letters "Shi," "I," and "Re." Changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) levels during the VFT were compared between two groups defined by the frequency of going outdoors: daily or non-daily within a week. Participants in both groups exhibited significantly increased oxy-Hb levels in the left and right prefrontal cortices during the VFT compared to a resting baseline condition. After controlling for age and gender, there were significant group-by-condition interactions on oxy-Hb levels with less activation during the execution of the VFT over both cortices in the non-daily group (left: F=4.76, p=0.04; right: F=6.32, p=0.02). These findings indicate that going outdoors daily is associated with increased activation in the prefrontal cortices during VFT performance in community-dwelling older adults.

背景与目标： ：这项研究旨在调查居住在社区的老年人中，每天进行户外运动与使用近红外光谱（NIRS）进行VFT期间前额叶皮层激活之间的关系。在VFT表现期间，通过NIRS对20名老年人（平均年龄76.1±6.7岁）测量了左前额叶皮层和右前额叶皮层中的血液氧合变化。在此任务中，要求参与者以字母“ Shi”，“ I”和“ Re”开头的尽可能多的名词发音。在VFT期间，比较了两组由户外活动频率定义的两组之间的氧化血红蛋白（oxy-Hb）水平的变化：每天或一周内的非每天一次。与静止的基线状态相比，两组的参与者在VFT期间左，右前额叶皮层的氧合血红蛋白水平均显着升高。在控制了年龄和性别之后，非每日组的两个皮层在执行VFT时，氧合血红蛋白水平存在显着的组间条件交互作用，而激活较少（左：F = 4.76，p = 0.04；右：F = 6.32，p = 0.02）。这些发现表明，在社区居住的老年人中，每天进行户外运动与在VFT表现中前额叶皮层的激活增加有关。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We evaluated the differences in strength of the associations of prevalent cardiovascular disease and lower extremity arterial atherosclerosis to common carotid intima-media thickness, assessed by near wall measurements only, by far wall measurements only, and by the average of near and far wall measurements. The study was based on data from 1500 participants of the Rotterdam Study, a single-center-population-based prospective follow-up study among 7983 subjects, aged 55 years or over. Comparison of the strength of the associations of near wall intima-media thickness and of combined near and far wall intima-media thickness to cardiovascular disease and lower extremity arterial atherosclerosis revealed significantly stronger associations compared to associations observed for far wall intima-media thickness, in particular for stroke and lower extremity arterial disease. We conclude that near wall common carotid intima-media thickness measurement provides at least as good an indicator of atherosclerosis elsewhere and of cardiovascular risk as the far wall intima-media thickness measurement.

背景与目标： ：我们评估了常见心血管疾病和下肢动脉粥样硬化与颈总动脉内膜中层厚度之间的关联强度差异，仅通过近壁测量，仅远壁测量以及近壁和远壁测量的平均值来评估。该研究基于来自鹿特丹研究的1500名参与者的数据，鹿特丹研究是一项基于单中心人群的前瞻性随访研究，涉及对象为7983名年龄在55岁以上的受试者。比较近壁内膜-中层厚度和近，远壁内膜-中层厚度联合对心血管疾病和下肢动脉粥样硬化的强度，发现与远壁内膜-中层厚度相关的关联明显更强。特别适用于中风和下肢动脉疾病。我们得出的结论是，近壁普通颈动脉内膜中层厚度测量至少可以提供与远壁内膜中层厚度测量一样好的动脉粥样硬化和心血管风险的指标。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The below article presents the results of spectroscopic research, theoretical (time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT)), microbiological, and antioxidative calculations for three compounds from the group of 1,3,4-thiadiazoles: 2-amino-5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole (TB), 2-amino-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole (TS), 2-amino-5-(2-hydroxy-5-sulfobenzoyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole (TSF). In the fluorescence emission spectra (TS) of solutions with varying concentrations of hydrogen ions, a particularly interesting effect of dual fluorescence was observed. The aforementioned effect was observed even more clearly in the environment of butan-1-ol, relative to the compound's concentration. Depending on the modification of the resorcylic substituent (TS and TSF), we observed the emergence of two separate, partially overlapping, fluorescence emission spectra or a single emission spectrum. Interpretation of the obtained spectra using stationary and time-resolved spectroscopy allowed the correlation of the effect's emergence with the phenomenon of molecular aggregation (of a particular type) as well as, above all, the structure of the substituent system. The overlap of said effects most likely induces the processes related to the phenomenon of charge transfer (in TS) and is responsible for the observed fluorescence effects. Also, the position of the -OH group (in the resorcylic ring) is significant and can facilitate the charge transfer (CT). The determinations of the changes in the dipole moment and TD-DFT calculations further corroborate the above assumption. The following paper presents the analysis (the first for this particular group of analogues) of the fluorescence effects relative to the changes in the structure of the resorcylic group combined with pH effects. The results of biological studies also indicate the highest pharmacological potential of the analogue in the case where the effects of dual fluorescence emission are observed, which predisposes this particular group of fluorophores as effective fluorescence probes or potential pharmaceuticals with antimycotic properties.

背景与目标： ：以下文章介绍了1,3,4-噻二唑类化合物中三种化合物的光谱学研究结果，理论研究（随时间变化的密度泛函理论（TD-DFT）），微生物学和抗氧化计算：2-氨基- 5-苯基-1,3,4-噻二唑（TB），2-氨基-5-（2-羟基苯基）-1,3,4-噻二唑（TS），2-氨基-5-（2-羟基-5 -磺基苯甲酰基）-1,3,4-噻二唑（TSF）。在具有变化的氢离子浓度的溶液的荧光发射光谱（TS）中，观察到了双重荧光特别有趣的效果。相对于该化合物的浓度，在丁烷-1-醇的环境中甚至更清楚地观察到上述效果。根据间苯二酚取代基（TS和TSF）的修饰，我们观察到出现了两个单独的，部分重叠的荧光发射光谱或单个发射光谱。使用固定和时间分辨光谱对获得的光谱进行解释，可以将效应的出现与分子聚集现象（特定类型）以及尤其是取代基系统的结构相关联。所述效应的重叠最有可能诱发与电荷转移现象有关的过程（在TS中），并且是观察到的荧光效应的原因。同样，-OH基团（在对苯二环中）的位置很重要，并且可以促进电荷转移（CT）。偶极矩变化的确定和TD-DFT计算进一步证实了上述假设。以下论文介绍了荧光效应相对于间苯二酚基团结构的变化与pH效应的关系的分析（这是该特定类似物组的第一个）。生物学研究的结果还表明，在观察到双重荧光发射的情况下，该类似物具有最高的药理学潜力，这使该特定种类的荧光团容易成为有效的荧光探针或具有抗真菌特性的潜在药物。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We studied the charge recombination characteristics of Photosystem II (PSII) redox components in whole cells of the chlorophyll (Chl) d-dominated cyanobacterium, Acaryochloris marina, by flash-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and thermoluminescence measurements. Flash-induced chlorophyll fluorescence decay was retarded in the mus and ms time ranges and accelerated in the s time range in Acaryochloris marina relative to that in the Chl a-containing cyanobacterium, Synechocystis PCC 6803. In the presence of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1, 1-dimethylurea, which blocks the Q(B) site, the relaxation of fluorescence decay arising from S(2)Q(A)(-) recombination was somewhat faster in Acaryochloris marina than in Synechocystis PCC 6803. Thermoluminescence intensity of the so called B band, arising from the recombination of the S(2)Q(B)(-) charge separated state, was enhanced significantly (2.5 fold) on the basis of equal amounts of PSII in Acaryochloris marina as compared with Synechocystis 6803. Our data show that the energetics of charge recombination is modified in Acaryochloris marina leading to a approximately 15 meV decrease of the free energy gap between the Q(A) and Q(B) acceptors. In addition, the total free energy gap between the ground state and the excited state of the reaction center chlorophyll is at least approximately 25-30 meV smaller in Acaryochloris marina, suggesting that the primary donor species cannot consist entirely of Chl a in Acaryochloris marina, and there is a contribution from Chl d as well.

背景与目标： ：我们通过闪光诱导的叶绿素荧光和热致发光测量研究了叶绿素（Chl）d为主的蓝细菌，无核小球藻的整个细胞中光系统II（PSII）氧化还原组分的电荷重组特性。相对于含Chla的蓝藻细菌Synechocystis PCC 6803，在无性纲中，闪光诱导的叶绿素荧光衰减在mus和ms的时间范围内被延迟，并在s的时间范围内被加速。在存在3-（3,4 -二氯苯基）-1，1-二甲基脲，阻止Q（B）站点，由S（2）Q（A）（-）重组引起的荧光衰减的弛豫比拟蓝藻PCC 6803快一点。由于在S.2Q（B）（-）电荷分离状态的重组下产生的所谓的B带的热致发光强度与无毒双杀藻码头中等量的PSII相比显着提高了（2.5倍）与拟南芥6803。我们的数据显示，电荷重组的能量在滨蛇纲中被修饰，导致Q（A）和Q（B）受体之间的自由能隙减小了约15 meV。此外，在无核无盐藻中，基态和反应中心叶绿素的激发态之间的总自由能隙至少小25-30 meV，这表明主要供体不能完全由无性无藻中的Chla组成， Chl d也有贡献。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We are reporting a case of pyrethroid poisoning with atypical presentation in a 21-month-old toddler who was transferred to us from a peripheral center. Signs and symptoms at presentation were predominantly of cardiopulmonary dysfunction contrary to more common presenting features of gastrointestinal and neurological impairment. The reason for this seems to be the aspiration pneumonitis as a consequence of vomiting induced by parents at home, rather than the toxin itself even though a rather rapid progression of lung injury does not rule out the possibility. He had developed decreased level of consciousness and increased work of breathing after ingestion, which had progressed to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, septic shock, and multi organ failure. He even had a brief cardiac arrest with Return of Spontaneous Circulation after 5 min of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, immediately after arrival at our unit, which seemed more likely to be a consequence of inappropriate management during transfer of the child. In addition to antibiotics and vasopressors, he required high frequency oscillatory ventilation and prone positioning initially, and lung-protective conventional ventilation later. His cardiopulmonary status improved gradually and he was successfully extubated after 12 days. Other organ systems also showed complete recovery. Even though Magnetic Resonance Imaging of brain done a few days after cardiac arrest showed features suggestive of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy he showed complete neurological recovery. He was thriving well at three-month follow-up with no neurological deficits, good exercise tolerance, and normal renal and liver function. Atypical presentation of pyrethroid poisoning is associated with significant morbidities and there seems to no reliable parameters in children to identify the risk of the same. Considering that there is no specific antidote, prompt, and aggressive supportive therapy is necessary for a favorable outcome. This case highlights several important aspects in the care of the pediatric patient after ingestion of insecticides. First, attempt to induce emesis, especially outside of a healthcare facility is not only ineffective but also highly dangerous, and should not be done. Second, unstable patients require inter and intrahospital transfer by experienced and trained personnel; and lastly, management for these complex and atypical cases should be done as early as possible in a center which is equipped to provide high level of circulatory and ventilatory support while prioritizing neuro-protective measures, and neurologic recovery and rehabilitation.

背景与目标： ：我们正在报告一例21岁大的婴儿中从典型的外围中心转移给我们的拟除虫菊酯中毒事件。表现时的体征和症状主要是心肺功能障碍，与胃肠道和神经功能障碍的更常见表现特征相反。造成这种情况的原因似乎是由父母在家中引起的呕吐引起的吸入性肺炎，而不是毒素本身，即使肺损伤的迅速发展并不排除了这种可能性。摄入后，他的意识水平下降，呼吸工作增加，已发展为急性呼吸窘迫综合症，败血性休克和多器官衰竭。他在到达我们单位后立即进行了5分钟的心肺复苏，甚至在短暂的心脏骤停后恢复了自发性循环，这似乎更可能是由于孩子转移过程中处理不当造成的。除了抗生素和血管升压药外，他还需要高频振荡通气和俯卧位，之后需要常规的肺保护通气。他的心肺状态逐渐好转，并在12天后成功拔管。其他器官系统也显示出完全恢复。即使心脏骤停后几天进行的脑磁共振成像显示出提示缺氧缺血性脑病的特征，他仍显示出完全的神经功能恢复。在三个月的随访中，他表现良好，没有神经功能缺损，良好的运动耐受性以及正常的肾和肝功能。拟除虫菊酯中毒的非典型表现与高发病率相关，儿童中似乎没有可靠的参数可确定其危险性。考虑到没有特定的解毒剂，迅速而积极的支持疗法对于取得良好的结果是必要的。该病例突出显示了在摄入杀虫剂后对小儿患者进行护理的几个重要方面。首先，尝试引起呕吐，尤其是在医疗机构外部进行呕吐，不仅效果不佳，而且非常危险，因此不应该这样做。其次，不稳定的患者需要经验丰富且训练有素的人员进行医院内部和医院之间的转移；最后，应对这些复杂和非典型病例的治疗应尽早在中心进行，该中心应提供高水平的循环和通气支持，同时优先考虑神经保护措施以及神经系统的恢复和康复。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :A novel approach on fluorescence quenching of tyrosine and l-tryptophan is presented for spectrofluorimetric determination of aniracetam in drug substances and products. The quenching mechanism was investigated using Stern-Volmer plots and ultraviolet spectra figures of quencher-fluorophore mixtures. Binding constant and stoichiometry were calculated using double-log plots. The spectrofluorimetric method was optimized for the experimental conditions affecting fluorescence quenching including fluorophore concentration, diluent, and reaction time. Moreover, the pH-rate profile of aniracetam was studied using simple kinetics and found to be stable within the pH range 5-8. Fluorescence quenching of tyrosine and l-tryptophan were observed on addition of aniracetam in aqueous medium at pH 5.5-6.5. Aniracetam quenched the fluorescence of tyrosine and l-tryptophan in the concentration range 1-20 μg/ml and 0.3-20 μg/ml, respectively, with binomial relationships between quenching values (ΔF) and aniracetam concentration. Limits of detection were found to be 0.10 μg/ml for tyrosine-aniracetam and 0.14 μg/ml for l-tryptophan-aniracetam. Method validation was performed as per ICH guidelines and demonstrated that the developed spectrofluorimetric method was accurate, precise, specific, and suitable for analysis of aniracetam in routine quality control laboratories. All experimental materials and solvents used are eco-friendly, indicating that the cited spectrofluorimetric procedure is an excellent green method.

背景与目标： ：提出了一种酪氨酸和左色氨酸荧光猝灭的新方法，用于荧光光谱法测定原料药和产品中的阿尼西坦。使用Stern-Volmer图和淬灭剂-荧光团混合物的紫外光谱图研究了淬灭机理。使用双对数图计算结合常数和化学计量。针对影响荧光猝灭的实验条件（包括荧光团浓度，稀释剂和反应时间）优化了光谱荧光法。此外，使用简单的动力学研究了阿尼西坦的pH速率分布，发现在5-8的pH范围内稳定。在pH 5.5-6.5的水性介质中加入阿尼西坦后，观察到酪氨酸和L-色氨酸的荧光猝灭。阿尼西坦分别在1-20μg/ ml和0.3-20μg/ ml的浓度范围内淬灭酪氨酸和l-色氨酸的荧光，在淬灭值（ΔF）和阿尼西坦浓度之间具有二项式关系。酪氨酸-苯乙酰胺的检出限为0.10μg/ ml，L-色氨酸-苯乙胺的检出限为0.14μg/ ml。按照ICH指南进行方法验证，证明开发的光谱荧光方法准确，准确，特异，适合常规质量控制实验室中的阿尼西坦分析。所使用的所有实验材料和溶剂均对环境友好，表明所引用的荧光光谱法是一种出色的绿色方法。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We developed a pH dependent amino heptamethine cyanine based theranostic probe (I2-IR783-Mpip) that can be activated by near infrared light. I2-IR783-Mpip, in acidic condition, exhibited an intense, broad NIR absorption band (820-950 nm) with high singlet oxygen generation upon exposure to NIR light (~850 nm). Theoretical calculations showed that the protonation of the probe in an acidic environment decreased the molecular orbital energy gaps and increased the intramolecular charge transfer efficiency. I2-IR783-Mpip exhibited good photodynamic efficiency towards liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells under physiological and slightly acidic conditions while normal human embryonic kidney cells remained alive under the same conditions. Detection of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells treated with I2-IR783-Mpip after NIR light exposure confirmed PDT efficiency of the probe in acidic environment. Moreover, I2-IR783-Mpip also demonstrated efficient phototoxicity under deep-seated tumour cell system. We believed this is the first PDT agent that possesses intrinsic tumour binding and selectively eradicate tumour in acidic environment under 850 nm NIR lamp.

背景与目标： ：我们开发了一种基于pH的氨基七甲胺花菁基治疗药物探针（I2-IR783-Mpip），该探针可被近红外光激活。 I2-IR783-Mpip在酸性条件下表现出强烈的宽广的NIR吸收带（820-950-nm），并且在暴露于NIR光（〜850 nm）时会产生大量单线态氧。理论计算表明，在酸性环境中探针的质子化作用减小了分子轨道的能隙，并提高了分子内电荷转移效率。 I2-IR783-Mpip在生理和微酸性条件下对肝肝癌细胞表现出良好的光动力学效率，而正常的人胚胎肾细胞在相同条件下仍然存活。在NIR曝光后，用I2-IR783-Mpip处理的细胞中细胞内活性氧（ROS）的检测证实了该探针在酸性环境中的PDT效率。此外，I2-IR783-Mpip在深层肿瘤细胞系统下也表现出有效的光毒性。我们相信这是第一种具有内在的肿瘤结合能力并能够在850nm nm近红外灯下在酸性环境中根除肿瘤的PDT药物。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Genome-wide association studies for non-syndromic orofacial clefting (OFC) have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at loci where the presumed risk-relevant gene is expressed in oral periderm. The functional subsets of such SNPs are difficult to predict because the sequence underpinnings of periderm enhancers are unknown. We applied ATAC-seq to models of human palate periderm, including zebrafish periderm, mouse embryonic palate epithelia, and a human oral epithelium cell line, and to complementary mesenchymal cell types. We identified sets of enhancers specific to the epithelial cells and trained gapped-kmer support-vector-machine classifiers on these sets. We used the classifiers to predict the effects of 14 OFC-associated SNPs at 12q13 near KRT18. All the classifiers picked the same SNP as having the strongest effect, but the significance was highest with the classifier trained on zebrafish periderm. Reporter and deletion analyses support this SNP as lying within a periderm enhancer regulating KRT18/KRT8 expression.

背景与目标： ：针对非综合征性口面部裂口（OFC）的全基因组关联研究已经确定了基因位点的单核苷酸多态性（SNP），该基因位点的风险相关基因在口腔周皮中表达。这种SNPs的功能子集很难预测，因为皮损增强子的序列基础是未知的。我们将ATAC-seq应用于人pa上皮模型，包括斑马鱼皮per，小鼠胚胎上皮上皮细胞和人口腔上皮细胞系，以及互补的间充质细胞类型。我们确定了特定于上皮细胞的增强子集，并在这些集合上训练了空缺-kmer支持向量机分类器。我们使用分类器来预测KRT18附近12q13处14个与OFC相关的SNP的影响。所有分类器都选择了效果最强的相同SNP，但在对斑马鱼皮毛进行训练的分类器中，意义最高。记者和删除分析支持此SNP，因为它位于调节KRT18 / KRT8表达的皮层增强剂中。