BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The present research aimed to study the nanofibers from bacterial cellulose (BC) by HCl hydrolysis and explore its new potential application in fresh-cut apples. Bacterial cellulose nanofibers (BCNs) showed low and more homogeneity particle size, as well as higher zeta potential and transparency in comparison with BC, which was confirmed by morphological analysis. Physical properties analysis showed that BCNs was more excellent semi-crystalline polymer with higher thermal stability as compared with BC. Rheological results displayed that BCNs suspensions presented a shear thinning behaviour with higher apparent viscosity, storage (G') and loss (G'') moduli at the same concentration in comparison with BC. Furthermore, BCNs suspensions were more stable than BC suspensions under storage condition of 4 °C. Additionally, 2% (wt%) of BCNs suspensions were coated on fresh-cut apples. Results showed that the samples coated with BCNs suspension displayed more excellent properties of keeping fresh-cut apples as compared with that coated with BC suspensions, including delaying weight loss, improving firmness and soluble solids content, reducing browning index and titratable acidity. Therefore, the low cost and high biocompatibility of BCNs can be used as new coatings for fresh-cut apples and have great potential to coat fresh-cut fruits and vegetables in food industry.

背景与目标： : 本研究旨在通过HCl水解研究细菌纤维素 (BC) 中的纳米纤维，并探索其在鲜切苹果中的潜在应用。与BC相比，细菌纤维素纳米纤维 (BCNs) 显示出较低且更均匀的粒径，以及更高的zeta电位和透明度，这已通过形态学分析得到证实。物理性质分析表明，与BC相比，BCNs是更优异的半结晶聚合物，具有更高的热稳定性。流变结果表明，与BC相比，BCNs悬浮液在相同浓度下表现出较高的表观粘度，储存 (G') 和损失 (G'') 模量的剪切稀化行为。此外，在4 °C的储存条件下，BCNs悬浮液比BC悬浮液更稳定。另外，将2% (wt %) 的BCNs悬浮液涂覆在鲜切苹果上。结果表明，与BC悬浮液相比，BCNs悬浮液包被的样品具有更好的保鲜苹果性能，包括延缓失重，提高硬度和可溶性固形物含量，降低褐变指数和可滴定酸度。因此，BCNs的低成本和高生物相容性可以用作鲜切苹果的新型涂料，在食品工业中具有很大的潜力。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: -2

背景与目标： -2

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Despite a lot of intensive research in the field of polymer nanofibers as wound-healing and tissue-regeneration materials, the behavior of cells in contact with nanofibers in vitro as well as in vivo is still not well understood. However, this knowledge is crucial for the design of nanofibrillar materials that are suitable for biomedical applications. Therefore, in this study, we present the preparation of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibers from a physico-chemically characterized polymer solution by electrospinning together with a stabilization method to preserve the morphology of the nanofibers in aqueous conditions. An investigation of the effects of a nanofibrillar scaffold on the growth of human keratinocytes showed that randomly oriented PVA nanofibers delay the keratinocytes' adhesion but improve their strength, greatly alter their morphology, increase their metabolic activity, and limit their mobility. We have shown that due to the small interfiber pores, the whole cells are unable to penetrate into nanofibrillar network efficiently. However, flexible cell parts can penetrate into the nanofibrillar network, whereas the cell nuclei stay on the surface of electrospun scaffold. Additional reason for poor cell mobility is random orientation of nanofibers, which does not provide continuous routes for successful cell infiltration. Therefore, nanofibrillar support with nanosized interfiber pores could potentially be used to enable an efficient cell proliferation and accelerate surface-wound healing, but not for three-dimensional tissue regeneration. Finally, we showed that aligned nanofibers can successfully direct the migration and proliferation of cells, which is a crucial property of nanomaterials for the successful regeneration of tissues with a highly organized structure.

背景与目标： : 尽管在作为伤口愈合和组织再生材料的聚合物纳米纤维领域进行了大量深入研究，但细胞在体外和体内与纳米纤维接触的行为仍未得到很好的理解。但是，这些知识对于设计适用于生物医学应用的纳米原纤维材料至关重要。因此，在这项研究中，我们提出了通过静电纺丝和稳定方法从物理化学特征的聚合物溶液中制备聚乙烯醇 (PVA) 纳米纤维，以保持纳米纤维在水性条件下的形态。对纳米纤维状支架对人角质形成细胞生长的影响的研究表明，随机取向的PVA纳米纤维会延迟角质形成细胞的粘附，但会改善其强度，大大改变其形态，增加其代谢活性并限制其迁移率。我们已经表明，由于纤维间孔较小，整个细胞无法有效地渗透到纳米纤维网络中。但是，柔性细胞部分可以渗透到纳米纤维状网络中，而细胞核则停留在电纺支架的表面。细胞迁移率差的另一个原因是纳米纤维的随机取向，这不能为成功的细胞浸润提供连续的途径。因此，具有纳米级纤维间孔的纳米原纤维支持物可能用于实现有效的细胞增殖并加速表面伤口愈合，但不适用于三维组织再生。最后，我们证明了排列的纳米纤维可以成功地引导细胞的迁移和增殖，这是纳米材料成功再生具有高度组织化结构的组织的关键特性。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Conductive porous carbon nanofibers are promising for environmental, energy, and catalysis applications. However, increasing their porosity and conductivity simultaneously remains challenging. Here we report chemical crosslinking electrospinning, a macro-micro dual-phase separation method, to synthesize continuous porous carbon nanofibers with ultrahigh porosity of >80% and outstanding conductivity of 980 S cm-1. With boric acid as the crosslinking agent, poly(tetrafluoroethylene) and poly(vinyl alcohol) are crosslinked together to form water-sol webs, which are then electrospun into fibrous films. After oxidation and pyrolysis, the as-spun fibers are converted into B-F-N triply doped porous carbon nanofibers with well-controlled macro-meso-micro pores and large surface areas of ~750 m2 g-1. The sponge-like porous carbon nanofibers with substantially reduced mass transfer resistances exhibit multifunction in terms of gas adsorption, sewage disposal, liquid storage, supercapacitors, and batteries. The reported approach allows green synthesis of high-performance porous carbon nanofibers as a new platform material for numerous applications.

背景与目标： : 导电多孔碳纳米纤维有望用于环境，能源和催化应用。然而，同时增加它们的孔隙率和电导率仍然具有挑战性。在这里，我们报道了化学交联静电纺丝，一种宏观-微观双相分离方法，用于合成连续多孔碳纳米纤维，具有> 80% 的超高孔隙率和980  s   cm-1的突出电导率。以硼酸为交联剂，聚四氟乙烯和聚乙烯醇交联在一起，形成水溶胶网，然后静电纺丝成纤维膜。经氧化和热解后，纺丝纤维转化为B-F-N三联掺杂多孔碳纳米纤维，具有良好控制的大孔-细孔和大表面积约750   m2   g-1。具有显着降低的传质电阻的海绵状多孔碳纳米纤维在气体吸附，污水处理，液体存储，超级电容器和电池方面表现出多功能。所报道的方法允许绿色合成高性能多孔碳纳米纤维，作为一种新的平台材料，可用于多种应用。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Production of electrospun nanofibrous mats of cyclodextrin inclusion complexes with the incorporation of drug molecules would enable promising designing of fast dissolving delivery systems (FDDS) for oral treatments. Here, the single-step electrospinning technique has been applied to prepare cyclodextrin inclusion complex nanofibrous mats (CD-IC NM) of ferulic acid from complete aqueous systems without using any polymeric matrix. The free-standing ferulic acid/CD-IC NM have been electrospun from two different modified cyclodextrin derivatives of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and hydroxypropyl-gamma-cyclodextrin (HP-γ-CD). The initial content of ferulic acid (1/1 ferulic acid/CD (molar ratio) and ~11% (w/w)) has been protected in case of both ferulic acid/CD-IC NM and so the electrospun nanofibrous mats have been fabricated by the ~100% loading efficiency. It has been detected from the in vitro release and disintegration tests that, the amorphous state of ferulic acid based on inclusion complex formation, and the highly porous feature and high surface area of nanofibrous mats have ensured the fast dissolution/release of ferulic acid and disintegration of nanofibrous mats into the liquid medium and artificial saliva. Herein, HP-γ-CD has formed inclusion complexes with ferulic acid more favorably than HP-β-CD and this has leaded to the existence of some un-complexed ferulic acid crystals in ferulic acid/HP-β-CD-IC NM while, ferulic acid has been completely complexed and is in amorphous state in ferulic acid/HP-γ-CD-IC NM. Furthermore, the thermal stability of ferulic acid has been enhanced as an inclusion complexation aid observed by the shift of thermal degradation temperature of ferulic acid from the range of ~120-200 °C to ~140-280 °C.

背景与目标： : 结合药物分子生产环糊精包合物的电纺纳米纤维垫将使用于口服治疗的快速溶解递送系统 (fdd) 的有前途的设计成为可能。在这里，单步静电纺丝技术已用于从完整的水性体系中制备阿魏酸的环糊精包合物纳米纤维垫 (CD-IC NM)，而无需使用任何聚合物基质。从羟丙基-β-环糊精 (HP-β-CD) 和羟丙基-γ-环糊精 (HP-γ-CD) 的两种不同的改性环糊精衍生物中电纺出了独立的阿魏酸/CD-IC NM。在阿魏酸/CD-IC纳米的情况下，阿魏酸的初始含量 (1/1阿魏酸/CD (摩尔比) 和 ~ 11% (w/w)) 已得到保护，因此电纺纳米纤维垫已通过 ~ 100% 加载效率制备。从体外释放和崩解试验中可以检测到，基于包合物形成的阿魏酸的无定形状态，纳米纤维垫的高多孔性和高表面积保证了阿魏酸的快速溶解/释放以及纳米纤维垫在液体介质和人造唾液中的崩解。在这里，HP-γ-CD比HP-β-CD更有利地与阿魏酸形成包合物，这导致在阿魏酸/HP-β-CD-IC NM中存在一些未络合的阿魏酸晶体，阿魏酸已完全络合，在阿魏酸/HP-γ-CD-IC NM中处于无定形状态。此外，通过阿魏酸的热降解温度从〜120-200 °C到〜140-280 °C的范围的变化，观察到阿魏酸的热稳定性作为夹杂物络合助剂得到了增强。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Implant-associated infections following invasive orthopedic surgery are a major clinical problem, and are one of the primary causes of joint failure following total joint arthroplasty. Current strategies using perioperative antibiotics have been met with little clinical success and have resulted in various systemic toxicities and the promotion of antibiotic resistant microorganisms. Here we report the development of a biodegradable localized delivery system using poly(D,L-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) for the combinatorial release of fusidic acid (FA) (or its sodium salt; SF) and rifampicin (RIF) using electrospinning. The drug-loaded formulations showed good antibiotic encapsulation (~75%-100%), and a biphasic drug release profile. All dual-loaded formulations showed direct antimicrobial activity in vitro against Staphylococcus epidermidis, and two strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Furthermore, lead formulations containing 10% (w/w) FA/SF and 5% (w/w) RIF were able to prevent the adherence of MRSA to a titanium implant in an in vivo rodent model of subcutaneous implant-associated infection.

背景与目标： : 侵入性骨科手术后与植入物相关的感染是一个主要的临床问题，并且是全关节置换术后关节衰竭的主要原因之一。当前使用围手术期抗生素的策略在临床上几乎没有成功，并且导致了各种系统性毒性和抗生素抗性微生物的促进。在这里，我们报告了使用聚 (D，L-乳酸-乙醇酸) (PLGA) 组合释放夫西地酸 (FA) (或其钠盐; SF) 和利福平 (RIF) 的生物可降解局部递送系统的开发使用静电纺丝。载药制剂显示良好的抗生素包封 (~ 75%-100%) 和双相药物释放曲线。所有双负载制剂在体外均显示出对表皮葡萄球菌和两株耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌 (MRSA) 的直接抗菌活性。此外，在皮下植入物相关感染的体内啮齿动物模型中，含有10% (w/w) FA/SF和5% (w/w) RIF的铅制剂能够防止MRSA粘附到钛植入物。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Smart scaffolds have a great role in the damaged tissue reconstruction. The aim of this study was developing a scaffold that in addition to its fiber's topography has also content of micro-RNAs (miRNAs), which play a regulatory role during osteogenesis. In this study, we inserted two important miRNAs, including miR-22 and miR-126 in the electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers and after scaffold characterization, osteoinductivity of the fabricated nanofibers was investigated by evaluating of the osteogenic differentiation potential of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) when grown on miRNAs-incorporated PCL nanofibers (PCL-miR) and empty PCL. MiRNAs incorporation had no effect on the fibers size and morphology, cell attachment, and protein adsorption, although viability and proliferation rate of the human iPSCs were increased after a week in PCL-miR compared to the empty PCL. The results obtained from alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium content, bone-related genes, and proteins expression assays demonstrated that the highest osteogenic markers were observed in iPSCs grown on the PCL-miR compared to the cells cultured on PCL and culture plate. According to the results, miR-incorporated PCL nanofibers could be considered as a promising potential tissue-engineered construct for the treatment of patients with bone lesions and defects.

背景与目标： : 智能支架在受损组织重建中起着重要作用。这项研究的目的是开发一种支架，该支架除了其纤维的形貌外，还具有微rna (mirna) 的含量，这些rna在成骨过程中起调节作用。在这项研究中，我们在电纺聚己内酯 (PCL) 纳米纤维中插入了两个重要的mirna，包括miR-22和miR-126，并在支架表征后，通过评估在结合有miRNAs的PCL纳米纤维 (PCL-miR) 和空PCL上生长时诱导多能干细胞 (ipsc) 的成骨分化潜力，研究了制造的纳米纤维的骨诱导性。MiRNAs掺入对纤维的大小和形态，细胞附着和蛋白质吸附没有影响，尽管与空PCL相比，pcl-mir一周后人iPSCs的活力和增殖率有所提高。从碱性磷酸酶活性，钙含量，骨相关基因和蛋白质表达分析获得的结果表明，与在PCL和培养板上培养的细胞相比，在PCL-miR上生长的iPSCs中观察到最高的成骨标记。根据结果，结合miR的PCL纳米纤维可以被认为是一种有前途的潜在组织工程构建体，用于治疗骨病变和缺损患者。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Attention has recently increased in the application of electrospun fibers because of their putative capability to create nanoscale platforms toward tissue engineering. To some extent, electrospun fibers are applicable to the extracellular matrix by providing a three-dimensional microenvironment in which cells could easily acquire definite functional shape and maintain the cell-to-cell connection. It is noteworthy to declare that placement in different electrospun substrates with appropriate physicochemical properties enables cells to promote their bioactivities, dynamics growth and differentiation, leading to suitable restorative effects. This review paper aims to highlight the application of biomaterials in engineered vascular grafts by using electrospun nanofibers to promote angiogenesis and neovascularization.

背景与目标： : 由于静电纺丝纤维具有创造用于组织工程的纳米级平台的假定能力，因此最近在静电纺丝纤维的应用中引起了关注。在某种程度上，电纺纤维通过提供三维微环境而适用于细胞外基质，在该环境中，细胞可以轻松获得确定的功能形状并保持细胞间的连接。值得注意的是，将其放置在具有适当理化性质的不同电纺底物中，使细胞能够促进其生物活性，动力学生长和分化，从而产生适当的恢复作用。本文旨在通过使用电纺纳米纤维促进血管生成和新生血管形成，重点介绍生物材料在工程血管移植物中的应用。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In the present study, nanodiamond (ND) was blended with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and then electrospun into nanofibers (nfPMMA-ND) for the immobilization of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The maximum immobilization efficiency of HRP (96%) was detected at 10% ND and pH 7.0. ATR-FTIR, SEM and TEM were used to characterize the immobilized enzyme. The immobilized enzyme retained 60% of its initial activity after ten reuses. The pH was shifted from 7.0 for soluble HRP to 7.5 for the immobilized enzyme. The soluble HRP had an optimum temperature of 30 °C, whereas this temperature was shifted to 40 °C for the immobilized enzyme. The substrate analogs were oxidized by immobilized HRP with higher efficiencies than those of soluble HRP. The kinetic results showed that the soluble HRP had more affinity toward guiacol and H2O2 than immobilized HRP. The effect of metal ions on soluble and immobilized HRP was studied. The immobilized HRP was markedly more stable when it exposed to urea, isopropanol, butanol and heptane compared with the soluble enzyme. The immobilized HRP exhibited high resistance to proteolysis by trypsin than that of soluble enzyme. In conclusion, the nfPMMA-ND-HRP could be employed in several applications such as biosensor, biomedical and bioremediation.

背景与目标： : 在本研究中，将纳米金刚石 (ND) 与聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (PMMA) 混合，然后电纺丝成纳米纤维 (nfpmma-nd)，以固定辣根过氧化物酶 (HRP)。在10% ND和pH 7.0下检测到HRP (96%) 的最大固定效率。Atr-ftir，SEM和TEM用于表征固定化酶。固定的酶在十次重复使用后保留了其初始活性的60%。pH从可溶性HRP的7.0转移到固定化酶的7.5。可溶性HRP的最佳温度为30   °C，而固定化酶的最佳温度为40   °C。底物类似物被固定化的HRP氧化，效率高于可溶性HRP。动力学结果表明，可溶性HRP对guiacol和H2O2的亲和力高于固定化HRP。研究了金属离子对可溶性和固定化HRP的影响。与可溶性酶相比，固定化的HRP暴露于尿素，异丙醇，丁醇和庚烷时明显更稳定。固定化的HRP比可溶性酶对胰蛋白酶的蛋白水解具有较高的抗性。总之，nfPMMA-ND-HRP可用于多种应用，例如生物传感器，生物医学和生物修复。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Engineered nanofibers are generally focused on filtration, solar cells, sensors, smart textile fabrication, tissue engineering, etc. Electrospun nanofibers have potential advantages in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, because of the ease in the incorporation of drugs, growth factors, natural materials, and inorganic nanoparticles in to these nanofiber scaffolds. Electrospun nanofiber scaffolds composed of synthetic and natural polymers are being explored as scaffolds similar to natural extracellular matrix for tissue engineering. The requirement of the inorganic composites in the nanofiber scaffolds for favouring hard and soft tissue engineering applications is dealt in detail in the present review. Regarding drug delivery applications of the composite nanofibers, the review emphasizes on wound healing with silver nanoparticles incorporated nanofibers, bone tissue engineering, and cancer chemotherapy with titanium and platinum complexes loaded nanofibers. The review also describes gold nanoparticle loaded nanofibers for cancer diagnosis and cosmetic applications.

背景与目标： : 工程纳米纤维通常专注于过滤，太阳能电池，传感器，智能纺织品制造，组织工程等。电纺纳米纤维在组织工程和再生医学中具有潜在的优势，因为它们易于将药物，生长因子，天然材料和无机纳米颗粒掺入这些纳米纤维支架中。由合成和天然聚合物组成的电纺纳米纤维支架正在被探索为类似于组织工程天然细胞外基质的支架。本文详细介绍了纳米纤维支架中无机复合材料对支持硬组织和软组织工程应用的要求。关于复合纳米纤维的药物递送应用，该评论强调了结合纳米纤维的银纳米颗粒的伤口愈合，骨组织工程以及负载钛和铂复合物的纳米纤维的癌症化疗。该评论还描述了负载金纳米颗粒的纳米纤维，用于癌症诊断和美容应用。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Every year, millions of people suffer from dermal wounds caused by heat, fire, chemicals, electricity, ultraviolet radiation or disease. Tissue engineering and nanotechnology have enabled the engineering of nanostructured materials to meet the current challenges in skin treatments owing to such rising occurrences of accidental damages, skin diseases and defects. The abundance and accessibility of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) may prove to be novel cell therapeutics for skin regeneration. The nanofibrous PVA/gelatin/azide scaffolds were then fabricated by electrospinning using water as solvent and allowed to undergo click reaction. The scaffolds were characterized by SEM, contact angle and FTIR. The cell-scaffold interactions were analyzed by cell proliferation and the results observed that the rate of cell proliferation was significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) on PVA/gelatin/azide scaffolds compared to PVA/gelatin nanofibers. In the present study, manipulating the biochemical cues by the addition of an induction medium, in combination with environmental and physical factors of the culture substrate by functionalizing with click moieties, we were able to drive ADSCs into epidermal lineage with the development of epidermis-like structures, was further confirmed by the expression of early and intermediate epidermal differentiation markers like keratin and filaggrin. This study not only provides an insight into the design of a site-specific niche-like microenvironment for stem cell lineage commitment, but also sheds light on the therapeutic application of an alternative cell source-ADSCs, for wound healing and skin tissue reconstitution.

背景与目标： : 每年，数以百万计的人遭受由热，火，化学物质，电，紫外线辐射或疾病引起的皮肤伤口。组织工程和纳米技术使纳米结构材料的工程能够应对当前皮肤治疗中的挑战，这是由于意外损伤，皮肤疾病和缺陷的日益增加。脂肪干细胞 (adsc) 的丰度和可及性可能被证明是皮肤再生的新型细胞疗法。然后使用水作为溶剂通过静电纺丝制备纳米纤维PVA/明胶/叠氮化物支架，并进行点击反应。通过SEM，接触角和FTIR对支架进行表征。通过细胞增殖分析细胞-支架相互作用，结果观察到与PVA/明胶纳米纤维相比，在PVA/明胶/叠氮化物支架上细胞增殖速率显著增加 (P ≤ 0.05)。在本研究中，通过添加诱导培养基来操纵生化线索，并通过用点击部分进行功能化，结合培养底物的环境和物理因素，我们能够通过表皮样结构的发展将ADSCs驱动成表皮谱系，通过早期和中间表皮分化标志物 (如角蛋白和丝状蛋白) 的表达进一步证实。这项研究不仅提供了对干细胞谱系承诺的特定位点小生境样微环境设计的见解，而且还阐明了替代细胞来源ADSCs在伤口愈合和皮肤组织重建中的治疗应用。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is a traumatic loss of muscle tissue that results in chronic functional impairment. When injured, skeletal muscle is capable of small-scale repair; however, regenerative capacities are lost with VML due to a critical loss stem cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). Consequences of VML include either long-term disability or delayed amputations of the affected limb. While the prevalence of VML is substantial, currently a successful clinical therapy has not been identified. In a previous study, an electrospun composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) and decellularized-ECM (D-ECM) supported satellite cell-mediated myogenic activity in vitro. In this study, we investigate the extent to which this electrospun scaffold can support functional muscle regeneration in a murine model of VML. Experimental groups included no treatment, pure PCL treated, and PCL:D-ECM (50:50 blend) treated VML defects. The PCL:D-ECM scaffold treated VML muscles supported increased activity of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages (arginase+ ) at Day 28, compared to other experimental groups. Increased myofiber (MHC+ ) regeneration was observed histologically at both Days 7 and 28 post-trauma in blend scaffold treated group compared to PCL treated and untreated groups. However, improvements in muscle weights and force production were not observed. Future studies would evaluate muscle function at longer time-points post-VML injury to allow sufficient time for reinnervation of regenerated muscle fibers.

背景与目标： : 体积肌肉损失 (VML) 是肌肉组织的创伤性损失，导致慢性功能障碍。受伤时，骨骼肌能够进行小规模修复; 但是，由于干细胞和细胞外基质 (ECM) 的严重损失，VML失去了再生能力。VML的后果包括长期残疾或患肢的截肢延迟。虽然VML的患病率很高，但目前尚未确定成功的临床治疗方法。在先前的研究中，由聚己内酯 (PCL) 和脱细胞ECM (d-ecm) 组成的电纺丝在体外支持卫星细胞介导的成肌活性。在这项研究中，我们研究了这种电纺支架在VML小鼠模型中支持功能性肌肉再生的程度。实验组包括未处理，纯PCL处理和PCL: d-ecm (50:50共混物) 处理的VML缺陷。与其他实验组相比，在第28天，经PCL: d-ecm支架处理的VML肌肉支持抗炎M2巨噬细胞 (精氨酸酶) 的活性增加。与PCL治疗组和未治疗组相比，在创伤后第7天和第28天的组织学观察到肌纤维 (MHC) 再生增加。然而，没有观察到肌肉重量和力量产生的改善。未来的研究将评估VML损伤后较长时间点的肌肉功能，以便有足够的时间重新支配再生的肌肉纤维。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Antibacterial nanofibers have a great potential for effective treatment of infections. They act as drug reservoir systems that release higher quantities of antibacterial agents/drug in a controlled manner at infection sites and prevent drug resistance, while concomitantly decreasing the systemic toxicity. With this drug delivery system, it is also possible to achieve multiple drug entrapment and also simultaneous or sequential release kinetics at the site of action. Therefore, advances in antibacterial nanofibers as drug delivery systems were overviewed within this article. Recently published data on antibacterial drug delivery was also summarised to provide a view of the current state of art in this field. Although antibacterial use seems to be limited and one can ask that 'what is left to be discovered?'; recent update literatures in this field highlighted the use of nanofibers from very different perspectives. We believe that readers will be benefiting this review for enlightening of novel ideas.

背景与目标： : 抗菌纳米纤维具有有效治疗感染的巨大潜力。它们充当药库系统，在感染部位以受控方式释放更大量的抗菌剂/药物，并防止耐药性，同时降低全身毒性。利用这种药物递送系统，还可以实现多个药物截留以及在作用部位同时或顺序释放动力学。因此，本文概述了抗菌纳米纤维作为药物递送系统的进展。还总结了最近发表的有关抗菌药物递送的数据，以提供该领域当前最新技术的观点。尽管抗菌的使用似乎受到限制，并且可以问 “还有什么需要发现？”; 该领域的最新更新文献从非常不同的角度强调了纳米纤维的使用。我们相信，读者将从这篇评论中受益，以启发新颖的想法。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In this paper, polypropylene (PP) nanofibers were prepared using the melt forcespinning technology by a handmade device. Then, the surface of PP nanofibers was grafted through the high energy electron beams (EB) pre-irradiation method by acrylonitrile and methacrylic acid monomers with grafting percentage of 145.55%. The 92% of grafted cyano functional groups on nanofibers were converted to amidoxime groups, then modified by an alkaline solution. Characterization and surface morphology of nanofibers were investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The produced adsorbent was used to adsorb U(VI) ions from simulated seawater. The maximum adsorption was 83.24 mg/g in the optimal time of 60 min and optimal pH of 4. The optimum desorption efficiency was 80% in HCl 0.5 M. The kinetic data in optimum conditions showed that the adsorption followed an S-shaped kinetic model. The Adsorption equilibrium studies presented S-shape isotherm model that confirmed the adsorption occurs both on the adsorbent surface and in its pores The thermodynamic studies indicated spontaneous adsorption of uranyl ions and the higher efficiency adsorption at higher temperatures. The selectivity of adsorbent for metal ions followed the order V(V)>U(VI)>CO(II)>Ni(II)>Fe(II). These results shows that the prepared and modified nanofibers in this work can be considered as an effective and promising adsorbents for removal of uranium ions from seawater with high efficiency.

背景与目标： : 在本文中，通过手工设备使用熔体固定技术制备了聚丙烯 (PP) 纳米纤维。然后，用丙烯腈和甲基丙烯酸单体通过高能电子束 (EB) 预辐照方法接枝PP纳米纤维的表面，接枝百分比为145.55%。将纳米纤维上接枝的氰基官能团的92% 转化为胺肟基团，然后用碱性溶液改性。通过傅里叶变换红外 (FTIR) 光谱和扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 研究了纳米纤维的表征和表面形貌。所产生的吸附剂用于从模拟海水中吸附U(VI) 离子。最适时间为60  min，最适pH为4，最大吸附量为83.24  mg/g。80% 了HCl 0.5  M的最佳解吸效率。在最佳条件下的动力学数据表明，吸附遵循s形动力学模型。吸附平衡研究提出了s形等温线模型，该模型证实了吸附既发生在吸附剂表面，又发生在其孔中。热力学研究表明铀酰离子的自发吸附，并且在较高的温度下具有更高的吸附效率。吸附剂对金属离子的选择性顺序为V(V)>U(VI)>CO(II)>Ni(II)>Fe(II)。这些结果表明，在这项工作中制备和改性的纳米纤维可以被认为是一种有效且有前途的吸附剂，可以高效地从海水中去除铀离子。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In nanopharmaceutics, a robust manipulation of the preparation process and an accurate prediction of the final product size are very important for developing novel nano drug delivery systems. In the present study, for the first time, a process parameter, i.e. the length of the straight fluid jet, L, is correlated with an experimental parameter, i.e. fluid flow rate, F; a nanofiber property, i.e. diameter, D; and the corresponding drug-sustained release profile. Using a mixed solution consisting of 15% (w/v) polyacrylonitrile and 3% (w/v) ketoprofen in acetone and N,N-dimethylformamide (2:8, v:v) as a spinnable working fluid, a series of medicated nanofibers were prepared under variable F and were characterized. The analysis results disclosed the quantitative relationships among different types of parameters. The process parameter L exhibited a better linear relationship with the nanofibers' diameter (D) than the processing parameter F. These results give a hint that process parameters can be exploited as useful tools for accurately predicting and tailoring the resultant nanofibers' D, and in turn their functional performances. The strategy proposed here presents a new approach to investigate the electrohydrodynamic process and manipulate the functions of nanoproducts through process-property-performance relationships.

背景与目标： : 在纳米药物中，对制备过程的可靠操作和对最终产品尺寸的准确预测对于开发新型纳米药物递送系统非常重要。在本研究中，首次将过程参数 (即直流体射流的长度L) 与实验参数 (即流体流速F) 相关联; 纳米纤维性质 (即直径D); 以及相应的药物持续释放曲线。使用由15% (w/v) 聚丙烯腈和3% (w/v) 酮洛芬在丙酮和N，N-二甲基甲酰胺 (2:8，v:v) 中的混合溶液作为可纺丝工作流体，在可变F下制备了一系列含药纳米纤维，并对其进行了表征。分析结果揭示了不同类型参数之间的定量关系。与加工参数F相比，工艺参数L与纳米纤维直径 (D) 的线性关系更好。这些结果暗示了工艺参数可以用作准确预测和定制所得纳米纤维D以及其功能性能的有用工具。此处提出的策略提出了一种研究电流体动力过程并通过过程-性能关系操纵纳米产品功能的新方法。