Continuous changes in the length of smooth muscles require a highly organized sarcolemmal structure. Yet, smooth muscle cells also adapt rapidly to altered environmental cues. Their sarcolemmal plasticity must lead to profound changes which affect transmembrane signal transduction as well as contractility. We have established porcine vascular and human visceral smooth muscle cultures of epithelioid and spindle-shaped morphology and determined their plasma membrane properties. Epithelioid cells from both sources contain a higher ratio of cholesterol to glycerophospholipids, and express a less diverse range of lipid-associated annexins. These findings point to a reduction in efficiency of membrane segregation in epithelioid cells. Moreover, compared to spindle-shaped cells, cholesterol is more readily extracted from epithelioid cells with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin and its synthesis is more susceptible to inhibition with lovastatin. The inability of epithelioid cells to process vasoactive metabolites, such as angiotensin or nucleotides further indicates that contractile properties are impaired. Phenotypic plasticity extends beyond the loss of smooth muscle cell marker genes. The plasma membrane has undergone profound functional changes which are incompatible with cyclic foreshortening, but might be important in the development of vascular disease.

译文

:平滑肌长度的连续变化需要高度组织化的肌膜结构。然而,平滑肌细胞也能迅速适应变化的环境提示。它们的肌膜可塑性必须导致深刻的变化,从而影响跨膜信号转导和收缩。我们已经建立了上皮样和纺锤形形态的猪血管和人内脏平滑肌培养物,并确定了它们的质膜特性。来自两种来源的上皮样细胞都含有较高的胆固醇与甘油磷脂比例,并且表达的脂质相关膜联蛋白的变化范围较小。这些发现表明上皮样细胞中膜分离的效率降低。而且,与纺锤形细胞相比,胆固醇更容易用甲基-β-环糊精从上皮样细胞中提取,并且其合成更容易受到洛伐他汀的抑制。上皮样细胞不能处理血管活性代谢产物,例如血管紧张素或核苷酸,这进一步表明收缩特性受到损害。表型可塑性超出了平滑肌细胞标记基因丧失的范围。质膜已经发生了深刻的功能变化,这与循环缩短不相容,但是在血管疾病的发展中可能很重要。

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