BACKGROUND & AIMS: :An antibacterial metabolite was isolated from Paenibacillus polymyxa HKA-15, a soybean bacterial endophyte. The purification of the crude metabolite from Paenibacillus polymyxa HKA-15 was done by column chromatography. In TLC, a spot with an R ( f ) value of 0.86 (±0.02) from the purified fraction showed bioactivity against Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli M-5. In SDS-PAGE, the purified antibiotic was separated in the molecular weight range of 3.5 kDa. The exact molecular weight of the active compound was identified as 1,347.7 Da using MS-MS analysis. Infra red spectrum and (1)H NMR analysis showed the presence of amino acids and fatty acids in the active compound. The characterization of the antibacterial compound revealed its lipopeptide nature. In an agar diffusion assay, the crude metabolite showed a broad spectrum of activity, being able to inhibit the growth of the fungal pathogen, Rhizoctonia bataticola, Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium udum. A stronger inhibition was observed against bacterial pathogens viz., X. campestris pv.phaseoli M-5, X. campestris pv. phaseoli CP-1-1, Xanthomonas oryzae, Ralstonia solanacearum and Micrococcus luteus.

背景与目标： : 从大豆细菌内生菌多粘芽孢杆菌HKA-15中分离出一种抗菌代谢物。通过柱色谱法纯化多粘芽孢杆菌HKA-15的粗代谢物。在TLC中，来自纯化级分的R (f) 值为0.86 (± 0.02) 的斑点显示出对黄单胞菌pv的生物活性。M-5。在sdds-PAGE中，纯化的抗生素在3.5 kDa的分子量范围内分离。使用ms-ms分析将活性化合物的确切分子量鉴定为1,347.7 Da。红外光谱和 (1)H NMR分析显示活性化合物中存在氨基酸和脂肪酸。抗菌化合物的表征揭示了其脂肽的性质。在琼脂扩散测定中，粗代谢物显示出广谱的活性，能够抑制真菌病原体，batataticola根瘤菌，菜豆和镰刀菌的生长。观察到对细菌病原体的更强抑制作用，即X. campestris pv.phaseoli M-5，X. campestris pv。菜豆CP-1-1、米黄单胞菌、青枯菌和黄小球菌。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The present study describes synthesis, characterization and antibacterial application of oxidized sodium alginate (OSA)-zinc oxide (ZnO) hybrid nanostructures (OSA-ZnO). In continuation to our previous study on oxidized guar gum (OGG)-ZnO (OGG-ZnO) nanocomposite, in the present study we have chosen OSA to understand the role of polysaccharide charge type in designing the antibacterial material. The nanomaterial has been characterized using UV-visible, FTIR, XRD, SEM and TEM analyses. The nanostructure has shown crystalline nature having hexagonal phase with preferred (101) orientation, while TEM image indicated that the material has ~6 nm particle size. It exhibited very good antibacterial performance against Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Cellulomonas cellulans (C. cellulans), Staphylococcus typhi (S. typhi), and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacterial strains, ZOI for B. subtilis, C. cellulans, S. typhi, and E. coli being 22, 18, 19.5 and 18.5 mm respectively. Under identical conditions, pure ZnO showed significantly lower ZOI for the corresponding bacterial strains (14, 12.5, 12 and 13.5 mm respectively), while native SA and OSA did not exhibit any biological activity.

背景与目标： : 本研究描述了氧化海藻酸钠 (OSA)-氧化锌 (ZnO) 杂化纳米结构 (OSA-ZnO) 的合成，表征和抗菌应用。为了继续我们先前对氧化瓜尔胶 (OGG)-ZnO (OGG-ZnO) 纳米复合材料的研究，在本研究中，我们选择了OSA来了解多糖电荷类型在设计抗菌材料中的作用。已使用UV-可见光，FTIR，XRD，SEM和TEM分析对纳米材料进行了表征。纳米结构显示了具有优选 (101) 取向的六方相的结晶性质，而TEM图像表明该材料具有约6 nm的粒度。对枯草芽孢杆菌 (B. subtilis)，纤维素单胞菌 (C.Celluloans)，伤寒葡萄球菌 (S. typhi) 和大肠杆菌 (E. coli) 细菌菌株，ZOI对枯草芽孢杆菌，C.Celluloans，S. typhi，大肠杆菌分别为22、18、19.5和18.5毫米。在相同条件下，纯ZnO对于相应的细菌菌株 (分别为14、12.5、12和13.5毫米) 显示出显著较低的ZOI，而天然SA和OSA不显示任何生物活性。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: AIMS:To evaluate the antibacterial activity of Artocarpus hirsutus mediated seed extract for nanoparticle synthesis. BACKGROUND:Gastrointestinal bacteria are known for causing deadly infections in humans. They also possess multi-drug resistance and interfere with clinical treatments. Applied nanotechnology has been known to combat such infectious agents with little interference from their special attributes. Here we synthesize silver nanoparticles from Artocarpus hirsutus seed extract against two gastro-intestinal bacterial species: Enterobacter aerogenes and Listeria monocytogenes. OBJECTIVE:To collect, dry, and process seeds of Artocarpus hirsutus for nanoparticle synthesis. To evaluate the morphological interaction of silver nanoparticles with bacteria. METHODS:Artocarpus hirsutus seeds were collected and processed and further silver nanoparticles were synthesized by the co-precipitation method. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, UV, FTIR, and SEM. These nanoparticles were employed to study the antibacterial activity of nanoparticles against Enterobacter aerogenes and Listeria monocytogenes using well diffusion method. Further, morphological interaction of silver nanoparticles on bacteria was studied using SEM. RESULTS:Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using Artocarpus hirsutus seed extract and characterization studies confirmed that silver nanoparticles were spherical in shape with 25-40 nm size. Antibacterial study exhibited better activity against Enterobacter aerogenes with a maximum zone of inhibition than on Listeria monocytogenes. SEM micrographs indicated that Enterobacter aerogenes bacteria were more susceptible to silver nanoparticles due to the absence of cell wall. Also, the size and charge of silver nanoparticles enable easy penetration of the bacterial cell wall. CONCLUSION:In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using the seed extract of Artocarpus hirsutus for the first time exploiting the fact that Moraceae species have high phytonutrient content which aided in nanoparticle synthesis. This nanoparticle can be employed for large scale synthesis which when coupled with the pharmaceutical industry can be used to overcome the problems associated with conventional antibiotics to treat gastrointestinal bacteria.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Common materials used in tissue engineering are not cost-effective and natural origin. Hence, we designed green, safe, and antibacterial bionanocomposite (bio-NC) films based on polysaccharides, chitosan (CS) and gum tragacanth (GT) for the bone tissue engineering. For this aim, different percentages of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) and green silver (Ag)-doped TiO2 NPs (TiO2@Ag hybrid) were employed as nanofiller to improve the properties of the CS-GT film. Moreover, the physicochemical characteristics of the bio-NC films were examined with a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The FE-SEM images showed a rough surface for the CS-GT/TiO2@Ag bio-NC films, and TEM images showed better dispersion of TiO2@Ag hybrid than TiO2 NPs into the CS-GT matrix. Also, these bio-NC films were considered for the bioactivity test and the results showed formation of hydroxyapatite on the surface of the prepared bio-NC films. Furthermore, addition of GT led to an increase in the bioactivity of the CS-GT blend. Finally, antibacterial behavior of the prepared bio-NC films was investigated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with/without ultraviolet irradiation and the results indicated better antibacterial performance for the CS-GT/TiO2@Ag bio-NC film (TiO2:Ag = 1:1) under both conditions.

背景与目标： : 组织工程中使用的常见材料不具有成本效益和天然来源。因此，我们为骨组织工程设计了基于多糖，壳聚糖 (CS) 和黄芪胶 (GT) 的绿色，安全和抗菌的生物纳米复合材料 (bio-NC) 膜。为此，采用不同百分比的二氧化钛纳米颗粒 (TiO2 NPs) 和绿银 (Ag) 掺杂的TiO2 NPs (TiO2 @ Ag杂化) 作为纳米填料，以改善CS-GT膜的性能。此外，还使用场发射扫描电子显微镜 (fe-sem)，傅立叶变换红外，x射线衍射和透射电子显微镜 (TEM) 检查了bio-NC薄膜的理化特性。Fe-sem图像显示CS-GT/TiO2 @ Ag bio-NC膜的表面粗糙，TEM图像显示TiO2 @ Ag杂化物比TiO2 np更好地分散到CS-GT基体中。此外，这些bio-NC膜被考虑用于生物活性测试，结果表明在所制备的bio-NC膜的表面上形成了羟基磷灰石。此外，GT的添加导致CS-GT共混物的生物活性增加。最后，研究了制备的bio-NC膜在紫外线照射下对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌性能，结果表明CS-GT/TiO2 @ Ag bio-NC膜 (TiO2:Ag = 1:1) 在两种条件下均具有更好的抗菌性能。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: -2

背景与目标： -2

BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:The study investigated the effect of incorporating l-arginine (Arg) in a glass ionomer cement (GIC) on its mechanical properties and antibacterial potential. METHODS:Pre-determined proportions (1%, 2%, and 4% by wt.) of Arg were incorporated in GIC powder; while GIC without Arg served as control. The flexural strength, nanohardness, surface roughness, elemental analysis using SEM-EDX (n = 6) and F/Arg/Ca/Al/Si release in deionized water for 21 days were assessed. The antibacterial potential was evaluated in a multi-species biofilm model with Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus gordonii, and Lactobacillus acidophilus for 72 h. Real-time qPCR was used to analyse biofilm bacterial concentrations. Propidium monoazide modification of real-time qPCR was performed to quantify viable/dead bacteria. The pH, lactic acid, ADS activity, and H2O2 metabolism were measured. Confocal microscopy was used to investigate the biofilm bacterial live/dead cells, density, and thickness. RESULTS:There was no difference in flexural strength among the different groups (p > 0.05). No significant difference in nanohardness and surface roughness was observed between 4% Arg + GIC and control (p > 0.05). The 4% Arg + GIC showed significantly higher F/Arg/Al/Si release than the other groups (p < 0.05), reduced total bacterial concentration and growth inhibition of viable S. mutans and S. sanguinis (p < 0.05). Lactic acid formation for 4% Arg + GIC was significantly higher than 1% Arg + GIC (p < 0.05). The spent media pH of 4% Arg + GIC was higher than the other groups (p < 0.05), with proportionately lower ammonia and higher H2O2 released (p < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE:Addition of 4% l-arginine in GIC enhanced its antibacterial activity via a biofilm modulatory effect for microbial homeostasis, with no detrimental effect on its mechanical properties.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Previously, we purified a serine protease with a molecular mass of 26 kDa that exhibits potent antibacterial activity from a pupal extract of Sarcophaga peregrina (flesh fly). We divided this protease into 12 peptides and examined their antibacterial activity. A peptide corresponding to residues 155 to 174 (peptide 9) was found to exhibit antibacterial activity comparable to that of the 26-kDa protease. When Escherichia coli was treated with peptide 9, the permeability of both the outer and inner membranes increased, and substrates for beta-lactamase and beta-galactosidase entered the cells, but beta-galactosidase did not leak out of the cells under these conditions. It was suggested that residues 6 to 18 of peptide 9 form an amphiphilic alpha-helix under hydrophobic conditions with an N-terminal basic loop and then interact with acidic phospholipids in the bacterial membranes.

背景与目标： : 以前，我们从sarcopoga peregrina (肉蝇) 的p提取物中纯化了分子量为26 kDa的丝氨酸蛋白酶，该蛋白酶具有有效的抗菌活性。我们将这种蛋白酶分为12个肽，并检查了它们的抗菌活性。发现对应于残基155至174的肽 (肽9) 表现出与26-kda蛋白酶相当的抗菌活性。当用肽9处理大肠杆菌时，外膜和内膜的通透性均增加，β-内酰胺酶和 β-半乳糖苷酶的底物进入细胞，但在这些条件下 β-半乳糖苷酶不会泄漏出细胞。建议肽9的残基6至18在疏水条件下形成具有N末端碱性环的两亲性 α 螺旋，然后与细菌膜中的酸性磷脂相互作用。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The antibacterial effect of light emitting diodes (LEDs) in the visible region (461, 521 and 642 nm) of the electromagnetic spectrum was investigated on Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. The irradiances of the 461, 521 and 642 nm LEDs were 22.1, 16 and 25.4 mW/cm², respectively. Bacterial cultures suspended in tryptic soy broth were illuminated by 10-watt LEDs at a distance of 4.5 cm for 7.5h at 20, 15 and 10 °C. Regardless of the bacterial strains, bacterial inactivation was observed with the range of 4.6-5.2 logCFU/ml at 10 and 15 °C after illumination with the 461 nm LED, while illumination with the 521 nm LED resulted in only 1.0-2.0 log reductions after 7.5h. On the other hand, no antibacterial effect was observed using the 642 nm LED treatment. The photodynamic inactivation by 461 and 521 nm LEDs was found to be greater at the set temperatures of 10 and 15 °C than at 20 °C. The D-values for the four bacterial strains at 10 and 15 °C after the illumination of 461 nm LED ranged from 1.29 to 1.74 h, indicating that there was no significant difference in the susceptibility of the bacterial strains to the LED illumination between 10 and 15 °C, except for L. monocytogenes. Regardless of the illumination temperature, sublethal injury was observed in all bacterial strains during illumination with the 461 and the 521 nm LED and the percentage of injured cells increased as the treatment time increased. Thus, the results show that the antibacterial effect of the LEDs was highly dependent on the wavelength and the illumination temperature. This study suggests the potential of 461 and 521 nm LEDs in combination with chilling to be used as a novel food preservation technology.

背景与目标： : 在大肠杆菌O157:H7，鼠伤寒沙门氏菌，单核细胞增生李斯特菌和金黄色葡萄球菌上研究了电磁光谱的可见区域 (461，521和642 nm) 中发光二极管 (led) 的抗菌作用。461、521和642 nm led的辐照度分别为22.1、16和25.4 mW/cm ²。悬浮在胰蛋白酶大豆肉汤中的细菌培养物在20、15和10 °C下以4.5厘米的距离用10瓦led照射7.5小时。无论细菌菌株如何，在用461 nm LED照明后，在10和15 °C下观察到4.6-5.2 logCFU/ml范围内的细菌失活，而用521 nm LED照明在7.5小时后仅导致1.0-2.0 log减少。另一方面，使用642 nm LED处理未观察到抗菌效果。发现461和521 nm led的光动力失活在10和15 °C的设定温度下比在20 °C下更大。在461 nm LED照射后，4个细菌菌株在10和15 °C的d值范围为1.29至1.74小时，表明除了单核细胞增生李氏菌以外，在10和15 °C之间细菌菌株对LED照射的敏感性没有显著差异。不管照射温度如何，在用461和521 nm LED照射期间，在所有细菌菌株中观察到亚致死损伤，并且损伤细胞的百分比随着处理时间的增加而增加。因此，结果表明，led的抗菌效果高度依赖于波长和照明温度。这项研究表明，461和521 nm led与冷却相结合的潜力可用作新型食品保存技术。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Antibiotic resistance has prompted the search for new agents that can inhibit bacterial growth. Moreover, colonization of abiotic surfaces by microorganisms and the formation of biofilms is a major cause of infections associated with medical implants, resulting in prolonged hospitalization periods and patient mortality. In this study we describe a water-based synthesis of yttrium fluoride (YF(3)) nanoparticles (NPs) using sonochemistry. The sonochemical irradiation of an aqueous solution of yttrium (III) acetate tetrahydrate [Y(Ac)(3) · (H(2)O)(4)], containing acidic HF as the fluorine ion source, yielded nanocrystalline needle-shaped YF(3) particles. The obtained NPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray elemental analysis. NP crystallinity was confirmed by electron and powder X-ray diffractions. YF(3) NPs showed antibacterial properties against two common bacterial pathogens (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) at a μg/mL range. We were also able to demonstrate that antimicrobial activity was dependent on NP size. In addition, catheters were surface modified with YF(3) NPs using a one-step synthesis and coating process. The coating procedure yielded a homogeneous YF(3) NP layer on the catheter, as analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. These YF(3) NP-modified catheters were investigated for their ability to restrict bacterial biofilm formation. The YF(3) NP-coated catheters were able to significantly reduce bacterial colonization compared to the uncoated surface. Taken together, our results highlight the potential to further develop the concept of utilizing these metal fluoride NPs as novel antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents, taking advantage of their low solubility and providing extended protection.

背景与目标： : 抗生素耐药性促使人们寻找可以抑制细菌生长的新药物。此外，微生物对非生物表面的定植和生物膜的形成是与医疗植入物相关的感染的主要原因，导致住院时间延长和患者死亡。在这项研究中，我们描述了使用声化学的水基合成氟化钇 (YF(3)) 纳米颗粒 (NPs)。以酸性HF为氟离子源的乙酸钇 (III) 四水合水溶液 [Y(Ac)(3) · (H(2)O)(4)] 的声化学辐照产生了纳米晶针状YF(3) 颗粒。通过扫描电子显微镜和x射线元素分析对获得的NPs进行表征。NP结晶度通过电子和粉末x射线衍射证实。YF(3) NPs在 μ g/mL范围内显示出对两种常见细菌病原体 (大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌) 的抗菌性能。我们还能够证明抗菌活性取决于NP大小。此外，使用一步合成和涂层工艺，用YF(3) np对导管进行表面改性。通过扫描电子显微镜和能量色散光谱法分析，涂层程序在导管上产生了均匀的YF(3) NP层。研究了这些YF(3) NP修饰的导管限制细菌生物膜形成的能力。与未涂层表面相比，YF(3) NP涂层导管能够显着减少细菌定植。合在一起，我们的结果突出了进一步发展利用这些金属氟化物np作为新型抗菌和抗生物膜剂的概念的潜力，利用它们的低溶解度并提供扩展的保护。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The antibacterial activity of different crude extracts of Clausena heptaphylla leaves as well as three purified coumarins, obtained from the cold methanol extract, is reported.

背景与目标： : 报道了从冷甲醇提取物中获得的七叶黄花的不同粗提物以及三种纯化的香豆素的抗菌活性。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Previous research has shown that innate immune system was more important than the acquired immune system in the pathogenesis of COPD. LL-37 is the only human cathelicidin identified so far. As an integral part of the innate immune system, besides antibacterial activity, its chemotactic activity, damage repairing, influencing apoptosis and its cytotoxicity are attracting people's attention. The aim of the present study was to evaluate role of LL-37 in the pathogenesis of COPD. METHODS:ELISA and immunohistochemistry were applied to investigate the expression of LL-37 in induced sputum and lung tissue of COPD patients. Bronchial epithelial cell (BEP2D) and alveolar epithelial cell (A549) were treated with LL-37 synthesis polypeptide in vitro to assess the role of LL-37 in inflammation and apoptosis. RESULTS:We found that increased induced sputum levels of LL-37 in COPD patients were associated with airflow limitation, health status and exercise tolerance and the expressing intensity of LL-37 in both airway district and pulmonary alveoli area in COPD group significantly increased compared with control group. Through stimulation by CSE and LPS, the expression of LL-37 was increased in bronchial epithelial cell and alveolar epithelial cell. LL-37 synthesis polypeptide can promote the releasing of inflammatory factor IL-8 and induce apoptosis of bronchial epithelial cell and alveolar epithelial cell. CONCLUSION:This study suggested that LL-37 may play important role in the pathogenesis of COPD and may be a possible novel therapeutic target in COPD.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The killer phenomenon of yeast may have technological implications in many areas like beverage fermentation, food technology, biological control in agriculture, and in medicine. In the present study the killer phenomenon in Pichia kudriavzevii (P. kudriavzevii RY55) is being reported for the first time. The P. kudriavzevii RY55 toxin exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against several pathogens of human health significance such as Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas alcaligenes. Killer toxin was purified to homogeneity by using ammonium sulphate precipitation and ion exchange chromatography and characterized for few properties. P. kudriavzevii RY55 killer toxin may be of vast significance in the development of novel antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agents, new bio-based safer candidates for food preservation and biocontrol, and starter cultures for fermentation industries.

背景与目标： : 酵母的杀手现象可能在许多领域具有技术意义，例如饮料发酵，食品技术，农业和医学中的生物控制。在本研究中，首次报道了毕赤酵母 (P.Kudriavzevi RY55) 的杀手现象。kudriavzevii RY55毒素对几种具有人体健康意义的病原体 (如大肠杆菌，粪肠球菌，克雷伯菌属，金黄色葡萄球菌，铜绿假单胞菌和产碱假单胞菌) 具有优异的抗菌活性。通过使用硫酸铵沉淀和离子交换色谱法将杀手毒素纯化至均一，并对其特性进行了表征。P. kudriavzevii RY55杀手毒素可能在开发新型抗菌化学治疗剂，用于食品保存和生物控制的新的基于生物的更安全候选物以及用于发酵工业的发酵剂培养中具有重要意义。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Antibiotic resistance is an emerging public health problem. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has described antibiotic resistance as one of the world's most pressing health problems in 21st century. WHO rated antibiotic resistance as "one of the three greatest threats to human health". One important strategy employed to overcome this resistance is the use of combination of drugs. Many plants, natural extracts have been shown to exhibit synergistic response with standard drugs against microorganisms. The present study focused on the antibacterial potential of propolis in combination with the standard antibiotic Cefixime against the typhoid causing bacteria i.e. Salmonella. METHODS:Ethanolic extract of propolis was taken for the present work. For the experiment BALB/c mice were taken as animal model and divided into ten groups. Along with normal and infected control groups, four different combinations of cefixime and propolis were used. Biochemical, hematological and histopathological indices were studied by following the standard protocols. RESULTS:In BALB/c mice, Salmonella causes severe biochemical, hematological and histopathological alterations by 5th day of infection. Ethanolic extract of propolis at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight of mice when used alone to treat Salmonella infection in mice gave significant results by 30th day of treatment. Similarly, when cefixime (4 mg/kg body weight of mice) was used to treat infection in mice, significant results as compared to infected control were observed after 5th day. But when propolis and cefixime were used together in different concentrations in combination therapy, evident results were observed after 5 days of treatment. The levels of various liver and kidney function enzymes, blood indices and the histopathology of liver, spleen and kidney were restored to near normal after 5 days of treatment and at much lower doses as compared to the effective dose when used alone. CONCLUSION:The study confirmed that significant results were observed in three combinations of cefixime and propolis as compared to infected controls. Propolis acted synergistically with cefixime and enhanced the efficacy of antibiotic and reduced its effective dose in combined therapy.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Three phenylethanoid glycosides, forsythoside B (1), phlinoside C (2) and verbascoside (3), were isolated from the methanol extract of the leaves of Phlomis lanceolata, an Iranian medicinal plant, by reversed-phase preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the structures of these compounds were elucidated conclusively by ultraviolet (UV), mass spectrometry (MS) and a series of 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. The antibacterial properties of 1-3 against five multi-drug-resistant (MDR) strains of Staphylococcus aureus have been assessed by the rapid and robust microtitre-plate-based serial dilution method. While compounds 1 and 3 showed considerable activities against all five strains, compound 2 was inactive at the test concentrations.

背景与目标： : 用反相制备型高效液相色谱法 (HPLC) 从伊朗药用植物披叶草叶的甲醇提取物中分离出三种苯基醚苷，连翘苷B (1)，phlinoside C (2) 和verbascoside (3)，并通过紫外 (UV)，质谱 (MS) 和一系列1D和2D核磁共振 (NMR) 分析最终阐明了这些化合物的结构。通过快速，可靠的基于微量滴定板的连续稀释方法，评估了1-3对五种金黄色葡萄球菌的多重耐药 (MDR) 菌株的抗菌性能。尽管化合物1和3对所有五种菌株均显示出相当大的活性，但化合物2在测试浓度下无活性。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The prevalence of periodontal disease poses a significant global health burden. Treatments for these diseases, primarily focused on removal and eradication of dental plaque biofilms, are challenging due to limited access to periodontal pockets where these oral pathogens reside. Herein, we report on the development and characterization of nitric oxide (NO)-releasing carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) derivatives and evaluate their in vitro bactericidal efficacy against planktonic Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, two prominent periodontopathogens. Bactericidal exposure assays revealed that three of the synthesized NO-releasing polymers were capable of reducing bacterial viability of both species by 99.9% in 2 hr at concentrations of 4 mg ml-1 or lower, reflecting NO's potent and rapid bactericidal action. The NO-releasing CMCs elicited minimal toxicity to human gingival fibroblasts at their bactericidal concentrations following 24-hr exposure.

背景与目标： : 牙周病的流行给全球带来了巨大的健康负担。这些疾病的治疗主要集中在去除和根除牙菌斑生物膜上，由于进入这些口腔病原体所在的牙周袋有限，因此具有挑战性。在此，我们报告了释放一氧化氮 (NO) 的羧甲基纤维素 (CMC) 衍生物的开发和表征，并评估了它们对浮游卟啉单胞菌和放线菌聚集菌的体外杀菌功效，这两种主要的牙周病原。杀菌暴露试验表明，合成的三种NO释放聚合物能够在4 mg ml-1或更低的浓度下在2小时内降低两种物种的细菌活力99.9%，反映了NO的有效和快速杀菌作用。暴露24小时后，NO释放的CMCs对人牙龈成纤维细胞的杀菌浓度产生了最小的毒性。