• 1 Anatomy and anthropometry of human stapes. 复制标题 收藏 收藏

    【人体骨的解剖学和人体测量学。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.amjoto.2007.01.004 复制DOI
    作者列表:Farahani RM,Nooranipour M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Twelve human stapes from temporal bones fixed by formalin were extracted. Different dimensions were measured by an electronic microscope with an accuracy of microm. These dimensions were as follows: (1) maximum diameter of stapes head parallel to the axis of footplate, 1088 microm (range, 857-1277 microm); (2) distance of main nutritional foramen to head surface, 398 microm (range, 250-833 microm); (3) stapes head to shoulders, 757 microm (range, 571-1000 microm), head to foramen, 1047 microm (range, 785-1500 microm), and head to lateral surface of footplate, 2612 microm (range, 1892-3400 microm); (4) anterior crus width at shoulder, 398 microm (range, 333-500 microm); minimum width of anterior crus, 251 microm (range, 214-350 microm); (5) posterior crus width at shoulders, 386 microm (range, 285-600 microm); minimum width of posterior crus, 191 microm (range, 142-300 microm); (6) maximum width of footplate near anterior crus, 371 microm (range, 321-500 microm), maximum width of footplate near the posterior crus, 411 microm (range, 357-611 microm), minimum width of footplate, 228 microm (range, 178-388 microm); (7) maximum width of ossicle, 2298 microm (range, 1928-3050 microm); (8) angle between crura, 19.5 degrees (range, 15-24 degrees ); and (9) diameter of foramen at the end of curve, 1343 microm (range, 1071-1888 microm).
    背景与目标: : 从福尔马林固定的颞骨中提取了十二个人类stapes。通过电子显微镜以microm的精度测量了不同的尺寸。这些尺寸如下 :( 1) 与踏板轴线平行的the头的最大直径,1088微米 (范围,857-1277微米); (2) 主要营养孔到头表面的距离,398微米 (范围,250-833微米); (3) of头到肩,757微米 (范围,571-1000微米),头到孔,1047微米 (范围,785-1500微米),头到脚踏板的侧面,2612微米 (范围,1892-3400微米); (4) 肩前双脚宽度,398微微m (范围,333-500微微m); 前双脚最小宽度,251微微m (范围,214-350微微m); (5) 肩后双脚宽度,386微微m (范围,285-600微微m); 后双脚的最小宽度,191微米 (范围,142-300微米); (6) 前双脚附近的最大踏板宽度,371微米 (范围,321-500微米),后双脚附近的最大踏板宽度,411微米 (范围,357-611微米),脚踏板的最小宽度,228微米 (范围,178-388微米); (7) 小骨的最大宽度,2298微米 (范围,1928-3050微米); (8) crura之间的角度,19.5度 (范围,15-24度); (9) 曲线末端孔的直径,1343微米 (范围,1071-1888微米)。
  • 【性别,人体测量和先前激素状态对额面膝关节僵硬的不同影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2008.03.071 复制DOI
    作者列表:Cammarata ML,Dhaher YY
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Gender differences in passive frontal plane knee stiffness may contribute to the increased anterior cruciate ligament injury rate in females. Gender-based stiffness differences have been attributed to anthropometric variations, but little data exist describing this relationship. Furthermore, sex hormone levels appear to influence joint stiffness, but the differential effects of instantaneous and prior hormonal concentrations remain unknown. This study sought to explore the effect of gender, prior hormonal status, and anthropometry on passive frontal plane knee joint stiffness. METHODS:Twelve males and 31 females participated. Females were grouped by hormonal contraceptive use (non users [n=11], monophasic contraceptive users [n=11], and triphasic contraceptive users [n=9]) and tested at the same point in the menstrual cycle. Subjects' right knee was passively stretched +/-7 degrees in the frontal plane at 3 degrees /s. Stiffness was estimated at three loading levels and normalized by body size to minimize anthropometric biases. A 4 (group)x3 (load) repeated measures analysis of variance was performed for both raw and normalized stiffness. Linear regression analyses were preformed between stiffness estimates and knee diameter and quadriceps femoris angle. FINDINGS:Males displayed significantly greater (P<0.05) frontal plane stiffness than females. When normalized, males displayed significantly greater stiffness in valgus (P<0.05), but not varus (P>0.05) than females. No significant effect (P>0.05) of prior hormonal state was found; however, when normalized, varus stiffness was significantly less for triphasic contraceptive users than the other female groups (P<0.05). Quadriceps femoris angle was negatively correlated and knee diameter was positively correlated to knee stiffness. INTERPRETATION:Consistent with earlier in vitro findings, our data may indicate that ligament material properties are gender specific. A deficit in passive knee joint stiffness may place a larger burden on the neuromuscular system to resist frontal plane loading in females.
    背景与目标:
  • 【收入、出生顺序、兄弟姐妹和人体测量学。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1353/hub.2007.0012 复制DOI
    作者列表:Ghosh JR,Bandyopadhyay AR
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The purpose of the present cross-sectional study was to examine the relationship and effect of monthly household income, birth order, and number of siblings on adult body dimensions, adiposity index, and body composition among adult Bengali females. One hundred seventy-one adult Bengali females, age 20.35 +/- 1.51 years (mean +/- SD; range: 18-21 years) from Kolkata (formerly Calcutta) were studied. Anthropometric measures (weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference, and triceps, biceps, subscapular, suprailiac, and medial calf skinfold thicknesses) were taken from all participants using standard protocols. BMI and log10 of the sum of the five skinfold thicknesses were computed subsequently. Percentage of body fat was estimated from the triceps skinfold thickness following the equation of Durnin and Womersley (1974), and fat mass was then calculated. Results of the correlation analysis revealed that monthly household income had significant (p < 0.05) positive association with all anthropometric variables. Birth order and number of siblings showed significant (p < 0.05) inverse association. The correlation of monthly household income with anthropometric variables was much stronger for number of siblings and birth order. The results of the analysis of variance showed that monthly household income, birth order, and number of siblings (tertiles used to categorize all variables) had significant effects (p < 0.05) on anthropometric variables, indicating differences in adult body dimensions, the adiposity index, and body composition in relation to income, birth order, and number of siblings.
    背景与目标: : 本横断面研究的目的是研究孟加拉成年女性的家庭月收入,出生顺序和兄弟姐妹数量对成年身体尺寸,肥胖指数和身体组成的关系和影响。研究了来自加尔各答 (以前的加尔各答) 的一百零一名孟加拉成年女性,年龄20.35/- 1.51岁 (平均/- SD; 范围: 18-21岁)。使用标准方案从所有参与者中进行人体测量 (体重,身高,腰围,臀围以及三头肌,二头肌,肩胛骨下,上肌和小腿内侧皮褶厚度)。随后计算了五个皮褶厚度之和的BMI和log10。根据Durnin和Womersley (1974) 的方程式从肱三头肌皮褶厚度估算身体脂肪的百分比,然后计算脂肪量。相关分析的结果表明,家庭月收入与所有人体测量变量具有显着的正相关 (p <0.05)。出生顺序和兄弟姐妹数量显示出显着 (p < 0.05) 的反向关联。对于兄弟姐妹的数量和出生顺序,家庭月收入与人体测量变量的相关性要强得多。方差分析的结果表明,家庭月收入,出生顺序和兄弟姐妹的数量 (用于对所有变量进行分类的三分位数) 对人体测量变量有显着影响 (p <0.05),表明成年人的身体尺寸,肥胖指数以及与收入有关的身体组成,出生顺序和兄弟姐妹的数量。
  • 【癌症儿童营养状况的评估: 手臂人体测量和血清内脏蛋白的意义。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1002/pbc.28752 复制DOI
    作者列表:Yaprak DS,Yalçın B,Pınar AA,Büyükpamukçu M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Arm anthropometry is a better indicator of nutritional status in children with cancer. The value of serum albumin and prealbumin in nutritional assesment is debatable. We investigated the nutritional status of children with cancer and their serum albumin and prealbumin levels. PATIENTS AND METHODS:At diagnosis and following induction therapies, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and triceps skin-fold thickness (TSFT) were measured; serum albumin and prealbumin levels were determined. Prevalences of malnutrition defined by anthropometric indices were calculated. Correlations of anthropometric indices with each other, with serum albumin/prealbumin levels, and clinicopathological parameters were analyzed. RESULTS:In 81 patients, median age was 7.5 years (males/females = 50/31), tumors were located mostly in the abdomen, and abdominal tumors were more common under 5 years. Prevalence of malnutrition according to weight for age, BMI, MUAC, TSFT z scores were 14.8%, 23.5%, 27.2%, 21%, respectively. Defined by combined BMI/MUAC/TSFT measurements, 33/81 cases (40.7%) had malnutrition (z scores < -1, 23 mild; z scores < -2, 10 moderate). Malnutrition was more prevalent under 5 years (P = .03), also in abdominal tumors (P = .03) and advanced disease (P < .001). Younger age and advanced disease were risk factors for malnutrition. At diagnosis, prevalences of low serum albumin and prealbumin levels were 7.4% and 54%, respectively. Cases with malnutrition had significantly lower survival rates. CONCLUSIONS:Nutritional status is assessed best by MUAC and TSFT measurements. Serum prealbumin levels can be used to identify patients at risk of undernutrition. Presence of malnutrition is a significant poor prognostic factor. All children with cancer should undergo nutritional evaluation and active nutritional support.
    背景与目标:
  • 【通过人体测量法比较中国汉族人群早期和中期成人对眼周外观的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.bjps.2019.07.030 复制DOI
    作者列表:Ma H,Chen Y,Cai X,Tang Z,Nie C,Lu R
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:Age-related change in ocular appearance occurs throughout adulthood, and involutional alterations in periocular tissues are common in middle-aged or older adults. This study sought to investigate significant differences in periocular anthropometry between young and middle-aged adults of Chinese Han ethnic group. METHODS:A total of 589 Chinese Han adults were recruited for cross-sectional investigation: 309 young adults (20 to 30 years), and 280 middle adulthood (50 to 70 years). Standardized, frontal view photographs were taken from each subject for measurements of 17 ocular anthropometric parameters (11 linear, three angular and three indicial parameters) detailing dimensions of palpebral fissures, and eyebrows. Eyelid crease morphologies were also evaluated. FINDINGS:Distribution of eyelid crease subtypes were different between the two age-groups, and an eyelid subtype (Type VI Closed Crescent) was uniquely found in middle-aged adults. Significant differences were found in majority of the ocular parameters. For most of the fissure-related measurements, values were greater in young adults. For some distance-dimensions between eyes and eyebrows, values were greater in the middle-aged adults. Detailed evaluation of periocular parameters of different age was individually performed for two subjects, which embodied findings from the cross-sectional analysis. CONCLUSIONS:By comparison of anthropometries between age-groups, we found alterations in periocular and eyelid morphologies under effect of aging, with association of laxity and loss of elasticity in periocular tissues. This study was the first to provide normative periocular dimensions of early and middle adulthoods in Chinese Han, which is useful for considerations in esthetic surgical decision-making for this population.
    背景与目标:
  • 【绒毛膜板中胎儿脉管系统的人体测量。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00819.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Gordon Z,Elad D,Almog R,Hazan Y,Jaffa AJ,Eytan O
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Normal fetal development is dependent on adequate placental blood perfusion. The functional role of the placenta takes place mainly in the capillary system; however, ultrasound imaging of fetal blood flow is commonly performed on the umbilical artery, or on its first branches over the chorionic plate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the structural organization of the feto-placental vasculature of the chorionic plate. Casting of the placental vasculature was performed on 15 full-term placentas using a dental polymer mixed with colored ink. Observations of the cast models revealed that the branching architecture of the chorionic vessel is a combination of dichotomous and monopodial patterns, where the first two to three generations are always of a dichotomous nature. Analysis of the daughter-to-mother diameter ratios in the chorionic vessels provided a maximum in the range of 0.6-0.8 for the dichotomous branches, whereas in monopodial branches it was in the range of 0.1-0.3. Similar to previous studies, this study reveals that the vasculature architecture is mostly monopodial for the marginal cord insertion and mostly dichotomous for the central insertion. The more marginal the umbilical cord insertion is on the chorionic plate, the more monopodial branching patterns are created to compensate the dichotomous pattern deficiency to perfuse peripheral placental territories.
    背景与目标: : 正常的胎儿发育依赖于充足的胎盘血液灌注。胎盘的功能作用主要发生在毛细血管系统中; 但是,胎儿血流的超声成像通常在脐动脉或绒毛膜板上的第一个分支上进行。这项研究的目的是评估绒毛膜板的胎儿胎盘脉管系统的结构组织。使用与彩色墨水混合的牙科聚合物对15个足月胎盘进行胎盘脉管系统的铸造。对铸造模型的观察表明,绒毛膜血管的分支结构是二分和单足模式的组合,其中前两到三代总是二分的。对绒毛膜血管中子母直径比的分析提供了二分分支在0.6-0.8范围内的最大值,而在单足分支中,则在0.1-0.3范围内。与以前的研究相似,这项研究表明,脉管系统结构对于边缘脐带插入而言大多是单足的,而对于中心插入而言则是二分的。脐带插入绒毛膜板上的边缘越多,产生的单足分支模式就越多,以补偿二分模式的缺陷,以灌注外周胎盘区域。
  • 【根据肿瘤免疫细胞组成的诊断前人体测量,性别和结直肠癌的风险。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1080/2162402X.2019.1664275 复制DOI
    作者列表:Berntsson J,Eberhard J,Nodin B,Leandersson K,Larsson AH,Jirström K
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Obesity is a well-established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), but the association with the tumor microenvironment has been sparsely described. Herein, we examined the relationship between pre-diagnostic anthropometry and CRC risk according to tumor immune cell composition, with particular reference to potential sex differences. The density of different immune cell subsets was assessed by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays with tumors from 584 incident CRC cases in a prospective, population-based cohort (n = 28098). Multivariable Cox regression models, adjusted for age, smoking, alcohol intake, and educational level, were applied to calculate risk of immune marker-defined CRC in relation to quartiles of pre-diagnostic height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences, waist-hip ratio (WHR), and body fat percentage (BFP). Obesity was all over significantly associated with risk of CRC with low density of FoxP3+ T cells and low programmed cell-death protein 1 (PD-L1) expression on tumor cells, but with high density of CD8+ T cells and CD20+ B cells. In women, obesity was significantly associated with risk of PD-L1 high tumors (p= 0.009 for weight, p= 0.039 for BMI). Contrastingly, in men, obesity defined by all anthropometric factors was significantly associated with PD-L1 low tumors (p= 0.005 for weight, p = 0.002 for BMI, p<0.001 for waist, p= 0.011 for hip, p<0.001 for WHR, and p= 0.004 for BFP). In summary, obesity appears to influence the immune landscape of CRC, possibly in a sex-dependent manner. Thus, anthropometry and sex may be important factors to take into account when assessing the prognostic or predictive value of relevant complementary immune biomarkers.
    背景与目标: : 肥胖是结直肠癌 (CRC) 的公认危险因素,但与肿瘤微环境的关系很少被描述。在此,我们根据肿瘤免疫细胞组成,特别是潜在的性别差异,研究了诊断前人体测量学与CRC风险之间的关系。在前瞻性,基于人群的队列 (n = 28098) 中,通过组织微阵列中具有来自584例CRC病例的肿瘤的组织微阵列中评估了不同免疫细胞亚群的密度。根据年龄,吸烟,饮酒和受教育程度进行调整的多变量Cox回归模型用于计算免疫标记物定义的CRC的风险,该风险与诊断前身高,体重,体重指数 (BMI),腰围和臀围的四分位数有关。腰臀比 (WHR) 和体脂百分比 (BFP)。肥胖与CRC的风险显着相关,其中FoxP3 T细胞密度低,肿瘤细胞上程序性细胞死亡蛋白1 (PD-L1) 表达低,而CD8 T细胞和CD20 b细胞密度高。在女性中,肥胖与PD-L1高肿瘤的风险显着相关 (体重p = 0.009,BMI p = 0.039)。相反,在男性中,由所有人体测量因素定义的肥胖与PD-L1低肿瘤显着相关 (体重p = 0.005,BMI p = 0.002,腰围p<0.001,臀部p = 0.011,WHR p<0.001,BFP p = 0.004)。总之,肥胖似乎以性别依赖的方式影响CRC的免疫环境。因此,人体测量学和性别可能是评估相关补充免疫生物标志物的预后或预测价值时要考虑的重要因素。
  • 【母亲尿中有机磷酸酯代谢物的浓度: 与罗德岛母婴对的妊娠体重增加,早期生命人体测量和婴儿饮食行为的关系。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1186/s12940-020-00648-0 复制DOI
    作者列表:Crawford KA,Hawley N,Calafat AM,Jayatilaka NK,Froehlich RJ,Has P,Gallagher LG,Savitz DA,Braun JM,Werner EF,Romano ME
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Organophosphate esters (OPEs)-used as flame retardants and plasticizers-are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as reduced fecundity and live births and increased preterm delivery. OPEs may interfere with growth and metabolism via endocrine-disruption, but few studies have investigated endocrine-related outcomes. The objective of this pilot study (n = 56 mother-infant pairs) was to evaluate associations of OPEs with gestational weight gain (GWG), gestational age at delivery, infant anthropometry, and infant feeding behaviors. METHODS:We quantified OPE metabolites (bis-2-chloroethyl phosphate [BCEP], bis (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate [BDCPP], diphenyl phosphate [DPHP]) in pooled maternal spot urine collected throughout pregnancy (~ 12, 28, and 35 weeks' gestation). We obtained maternal sociodemographic characteristics from questionnaires administered at enrollment and perinatal characteristics from medical record abstraction. Trained research assistants measured infant weight, length, head and abdominal circumferences, and skinfold thicknesses at birth and 6 weeks postpartum. Mothers reported infant feeding behavior via the Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire (BEBQ). Using multiple linear regression, we assessed associations of log2-transformed maternal urinary OPE metabolites with GWG, gestational age at delivery, infant anthropometry at birth, weekly growth rate, and BEBQ scores at 6 weeks postpartum. We used linear mixed effects (LME) models to analyze overall infant anthropometry during the first 6 weeks of life. Additionally, we considered effect modification by infant sex. RESULTS:We observed weak positive associations between all OPE metabolites and GWG. In LME models, BDCPP was associated with increased infant length (β = 0.44 cm, 95%CI = 0.01, 0.87) and weight in males (β = 0.14 kg, 95%CI = 0.03, 0.24). BDCPP was also associated with increased food responsiveness (β = 0.23, 95%CI = 0.06, 0.40). DPHP was inversely associated with infant abdominal circumference (β = - 0.50 cm, 95%CI = - 0.86, - 0.14) and female weight (β = - 0.19 kg, 95%CI = - 0.36, - 0.02), but positively associated with weekly growth in iliac skinfold thickness (β = 0.10 mm/wk., 95%CI = 0.02, 0.19). Further, DPHP was weakly associated with increased feeding speed. BCEP was associated with greater infant thigh skinfold thickness (β = 0.34 mm, 95%CI = 0.16, 0.52) and subscapular skinfold thickness in males (β = 0.14 mm, 95%CI = 0.002, 0.28). CONCLUSIONS:Collectively, these findings suggest that select OPEs may affect infant anthropometry and feeding behavior, with the most compelling evidence for BDCPP and DPHP.
    背景与目标:
  • 【根据韩国人群的骨密度,体脂量和人体测量学鉴定高甘油三酯血症。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1186/s12872-019-1050-2 复制DOI
    作者列表:Chi JH,Shin MS,Lee BJ
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Hypertriglyceridemia is strongly associated with the risks of cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, and metabolic syndrome. The relationship between hypertriglyceridemia or high triglyceride levels and bone mineral density remains controversial. Furthermore, to date, no study has simultaneously examined the association among hypertriglyceridemia, bone area, bone mineral content, bone mineral density, body fat mass, and anthropometrics. The present study aimed to evaluate the association among hypertriglyceridemia, anthropometrics and various bone density and body fat composition variables to identify the best indicator of hypertriglyceridemia in a Korean population. METHODS:The data were obtained from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. In total, 3918 subjects aged 20-80 years participated in this study. In the variable analysis of the waist circumference (WC), trunk fat mass (Trk-Ft), body mass index, etc., a binary logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the significance of the differences between the normal group and hypertriglyceridemia groups. RESULTS:In both men and women, the WC showed the strongest association with hypertriglyceridemia in the crude analysis (odds ratio (OR) = 1.738 [confidence interval = 1.529-1.976] and OR = 2.075 [1.797-2.397]), but the Trk-Ft was the most strongly associated with the disease after adjusting for age and body mass index (adjusted OR = 1.565 [1.262-1.941] and adjusted OR = 1.730 [1.291-2.319]). In particular, the Pelvis area (Plv-A) was the most significant among the bone variables in women (adjusted OR = 0.641 [0.515-0.796]). In the predictive power analysis, the best indicator of hypertriglyceridemia was WC in women (the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.718 [0.685-0.751]) and Trk-Ft in men (AUC = 0.672 [0.643-0.702]). The WC was also the most predictive among the anthropometric variables in men (AUC = 0.670 [0.641-0.700]). The strength of the association and predictive power was stronger in women than in men. CONCLUSIONS:The WC in women and Trk-Ft in men exhibited the best predictive power for hypertriglyceridemia. Our findings support the use of basic information for the identification of hypertriglyceridemia or high triglyceride levels in initial health screening efforts.
    背景与目标:
  • 【罗马2017马拉松: 人体测量学和运动概况在350运动员和跟腱和髌骨肌腱病的关联。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1097/JSM.0000000000000695 复制DOI
    作者列表:Longo UG,Berton A,Stelitano G,Madaudo C,Perna M,Ciuffreda M,Guarnieri A,Papalia R,Maffulli N,Denaro V
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Achilles and patellar tendinopathy are common in runners. Despite the relevance of the problem, causative factors remain poorly understood. This cross-sectional study evaluated the association between Achilles and patellar tendinopathy and age, sex, weight, height, number of marathons, and impact profile in runners who participated in the 2017 Marathon of Rome. METHODS:At the 2017 Marathon of Rome, 350 athletes (256 men and 94 women; mean age: 44.8 years, range 12-80 years) filled in the VISA-A and VISA-P questionnaires. A fully trained orthopedic surgeon made a diagnosis of Achilles and patellar tendinopathy according to clinical criteria. RESULTS:Ninety-five participants were diagnosed with Achilles tendinopathy and 96 with patellar tendinopathy. There was evidence of a statistically significant positive association between age and Achilles and patellar tendinopathy, with no effect of sex, weight, and height on the presence of Achilles tendinopathy. There was no evidence of a statistically significant positive association between the number of marathons and impact profile and VISA-A score. There was a statistically significant association between VISA-P score and impact profile. Finally, there was evidence of a statistically significant positive association between VISA-A score and VISA-P score (P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS:In marathon runners, there was no evidence of a statistically significant association between sex, weight, height, number of marathons, and Achilles and patellar tendinopathy. However, age was associated with Achilles and patellar tendinopathy, and impact profile was associated with patellar tendinopathy.
    背景与目标:
  • 【撞击加速过程中头颈部人体测量学与运动学反应的关系。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Mawn SV,Lambert JJ,Catyb JL Jr
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Research on the effects of impact acceleration on the body, primarily the head and neck, has been conducted at the U.S. Naval Biodynamics Laboratory for nearly two decades. Over 150 Navy enlisted men have been subjected to impact acceleration on a sled propelled by a nitrogen-powered horizontal accelerator. Their head and neck kinematic responses during the experimental impact were measured and stored in automated data bases. Similarly, anthropometric measurements were recorded for these subjects. To investigate the relation between head and neck anthropometry and response to impact acceleration, tests involving 15 subjects were selected. A strong relation was found between head and neck anthropometry and linear acceleration of the head along the Z axis. Lesser correlations were determined between the anthropometric measurements and linear acceleration along the X axis and angular acceleration about the Y axis. These findings are potentially applicable to areas such as aircrew selection, physical training and protective equipment development.
    背景与目标: : 在美国海军生物动力学实验室进行了近二十年的研究,研究了撞击加速度对身体 (主要是头部和颈部) 的影响。超过150名海军士兵在氮气动力水平加速器推动的雪橇上受到冲击加速。测量了实验撞击过程中的头部和颈部运动学响应,并将其存储在自动数据库中。同样,记录了这些受试者的人体测量结果。为了研究头颈部人体测量与对冲击加速度的反应之间的关系,选择了涉及15名受试者的测试。发现头部和颈部人体测量学与头部沿z轴的线性加速度之间存在很强的关系。人体测量与沿x轴的线性加速度和绕y轴的角加速度之间的相关性较小。这些发现可能适用于机组人员选择,体育锻炼和防护设备开发等领域。
  • 【脐静脉和动脉中的瘦素浓度。与产妇和新生儿人体测量学的关系。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Yang MJ,Liu RS,Hung JH
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:To determine the relationships between serum leptin levels in the umbilical vein (UV) and artery (UA) and the anthropometry of mothers and neonates.

    STUDY DESIGN:Blood was taken from 61 pregnant women who were admitted for delivery and from the umbilical vein and artery just before delivery of the placenta. Leptin level was measured by immunoradiometric assay. Comparisons between serum leptin concentrations in UVs and both maternal and neonatal anthropometry were made according to neonatal sex.

    RESULTS:Mean leptin UA and UV concentrations in female infants were significantly higher than those in male infants (both, P = .002). Leptin concentrations in UVs of the total infants were related to maternal body weight and body mass index preconceptionally as well as at birth, to neonatal birth weight, to gestational age, to Kaup index and to body fat content of the infants.

    CONCLUSION:A sex difference was observed not only in serum leptin concentrations UA and UV but also in the degree of significance between the relationship of cord leptin and both maternal and neonatal anthropometry. Also, the UA leptin level had a closer relationship to neonatal anthropometry, but the UV leptin level was more closely related to maternal anthropometry.

    背景与目标: 目的 : 确定脐静脉 (UV) 和动脉 (UA) 中的血清瘦素水平与母亲和新生儿的人体测量学之间的关系。
    研究设计 : 从61名接受分娩的孕妇以及胎盘分娩前的脐静脉和动脉中抽取血液。通过免疫放射测定法测量瘦素水平。根据新生儿性别比较了UVs中的血清瘦素浓度以及母婴人体测量学。
    结果 : 女婴的平均瘦素UA和UV浓度显着高于男婴 (均P = .002)。所有婴儿的uv中的瘦素浓度与孕妇体重和体重指数以及出生时,新生儿出生体重,胎龄有关,婴儿的Kaup指数和体内脂肪含量。
    结论 : 不仅在血清瘦素浓度UA和UV上观察到性别差异,而且在脐带瘦素与母体和新生儿人体测量学的关系之间的重要程度上也观察到性别差异。此外,UA瘦素水平与新生儿人体测量学的关系更密切,但UV瘦素水平与母亲人体测量学的关系更密切。
  • 【根据5-12岁患有镰状细胞贫血的尼日利亚儿童的人体测量结果,预测了肺活量测定指数的参考方程。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1093/tropej/fmaa095 复制DOI
    作者列表:Akodui OS,Faleti AO,Adekanmbi FA,Ogunlesi TA
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Significant morbidity and mortality in patients with sickle cell disease are accounted for by lung complications. To facilitate good respiratory care for children with sickle cell anaemia the generation of local predicted values is highly important. OBJECTIVE:To determine the reference equations for spirometry indices estimation in children with sickle cell anaemia, which can be readily used as proxy when there is no easy accessibility to spirometer. METHODS:A cross-sectional study with linear regression models developed to estimate reference values for spirometric indices in Nigerian children with sickle cell anaemia aged 5-12 years. RESULTS:Age as independent variables for estimation of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was associated with lowest coefficient of determination (R2) and highest standard error. The coefficient of determination (R2) and standard error was highest and lowest, respectively, when arm span was used to determine peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Prediction models for PEFR and FEV1 gave the closest mean estimates that were 0.18 and 0.16 lower and higher than the actual mean PEFR and FEV1, respectively, but the differences was significant only in FEV1. On the contrary the prediction models for forced vital capacity (FVC) gave mean estimates that was 1.02 higher than the actual mean FVC, however, the finding was not significant. CONCLUSION:Preferred proxy for spirometry indices in children with sickle cell anaemia may be arm span.
    背景与目标:
  • 【羟基脲对镰状细胞病儿童人体测量和血清25-羟基维生素d的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1097/MPH.0000000000001002 复制DOI
    作者列表:Adegoke SA,Braga JAP,D Adekile A,Figueiredo MS
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the impact of hydroxyurea (HU) on nutritional status and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) of children with sickle cell disease (SCD). DESIGN:Anthropometry and serum 25-OHD were determined in 98 children with SCD, comprising of 68 in HU-group and 30 in HU-naive group. RESULTS:Underweight was more common among HU-naive group (33.3% vs. 10.3%, P=0.009), while 79.4% of HU-group against 56.7% HU-naive had normal body mass index percentile for age and sex, P=0.028. None of the HU-group compared with 13.3% of the HU-naive had severe vitamin D deficiency, P=0.002. The mean 25-OHD of the HU-group was also higher (24.1±1.2 vs. 19.1±9.8 ng/mL, P=0.007). CONCLUSIONS:HU possibly ameliorate growth retardation and vitamin D deficiency in children with SCD.
    背景与目标:
  • 【气候女性与人体测量相关的骨微结构分析。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1590/S0212-16112012000200039 复制DOI
    作者列表:Giolo De Carvalho F,de Souza Santos R,Iannetta R,Marques Miguel Suen V,Marliere Navarro A,Nonino Borges CB,Marchini JS,Iannetta O
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Osteoporosis is one of the most important public health problems involving a high percentage of costs in the medical care system. Reliable diagnostic techniques for an early detection of bone deterioration and studies of factors that influence its development in menopausal women are crucial. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between bone microarchitecture and anthropometry in climacteric women. METHODS:Women were recruited at the Menopause Clinic, University Hospital of FMRP/USP, and submitted to anthropometry and to the evaluation of bone quality (Ultrasound Bone Profile Index, UBPI) and quantity (Amplitudedependent Speed of Sound, AD-SoS-) by phalangeal quantitative osteosonography (DBM Sonic BP). Descriptive analysis of the data was reported and a multiple linear regression was performed using the software SAS® 9.0. RESULTS:71 patients aged 58 ± 7 y were studied: 28% had BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m(2), 35% BMI 24.9-29.9 and 37% BMI > 30. Mean AD-SoS was 2059 ± 79 m/s and mean UBPI was 0.67 ± 0.13. Considering AD-SoS the dependent variable, there was no statistically significant relationship between age (p = 0.20), BMI (p = 0.76), fat mass by bioelectrical impedance (p = 0.42) and by anthropometry (p = 0.95). The variables had very low effect on the UBPI when it was considered the dependent variable. CONCLUSIONS:The relation between bone microarchitecture and the anthropometry of the women studied shows that, the greater the bone quantity, the better the anthropometric parameters, without statistically significance. This work was a cross-sectional study on a small sample that needs to be validated in a prospective design.
    背景与目标:

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