• 【[西班牙南部农村和城市青少年坚持地中海饮食,生活满意度,人体测量学以及身体和久坐活动]。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.3305/nh.2013.28.4.6486 复制DOI
    作者列表:Grao-Cruces A,Nuviala A,Fernández-Martínez A,Porcel-Gálvez AM,Moral-García JE,Martínez-López EJ
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:The Mediterranean diet is one of the healthier diet models. Mediterranean food patterns are suffering a deterioration that can especially affect children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE:Determine adherence to the Mediterranean diet in adolescents of southern Spain and its relationship with the residence area, sex, age, life satisfaction, anthropometry, and habits of physical activity and sedentary activities. METHODOLOGY:A total of 1973 adolescents (11-18 years) of southern Spain participated in this descriptive cross-sectional study. Cut-off value between rural and urban locations was 10000 inhabitants. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was calculated from the KIDMED questionnaire. Life satisfaction, physical activity, and sedentary activities also were measured through valid and reliable questionnaires. Body mass index and % body fat were measured using the TANITA BC-420-S body analyzer. RESULTS:30.9% of the adolescents reported an optimal quality diet, percent higher in rural locations (P < 0.05). Adherence was lower in older adolescents (P < 0.001), it was not different between sexes or according to anthropometric variables. Adolescents more satisfied with their lives (P < 0.001), more active (P < 0.001), more studious (P < 0.001), and less sedentary in front of a screen (P < 0.001) showed greater adherence to the Mediterranean food pattern. CONCLUSION:The majority of adolescents need to improve their nutritional quality. Compared with these subjects, the adolescents most adherent to the Mediterranean diet had a healthier lifestyle and they showed greater life satisfaction. :Introducción: La dieta mediterránea es uno de los modelos más saludables de dieta. Los patrones alimentarios mediterráneos están sufriendo un deterioro que puede afectar especialmente a niños y adolescentes. Objetivo: Determinar la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea de los adolescentes del sur de España y su relación con el área de residencia, sexo, edad, satisfacción con la vida, características antropométricas y hábitos de actividad física y sedentaria. Métodos: Un total de 1.973 adolescentes (11-18 años) del sur de España participaron en este estudio descriptivo transversal. El punto de corte entre poblaciones rurales y urbanas fue 10.000 habitantes. La adherencia a la dieta mediterránea fue calculada a partir del cuestionario KIDMED. Satisfacción con la vida, actividad física y sedentarismo también mediante cuestionarios fiables y válidos. Índice de masa corporal y % de grasa corporal fueron medidos utilizando el analizador corporal TANITA BC-420-S. Resultados: El 30,9% de los adolescentes reportó una dieta de calidad óptima, porcentaje superior en poblaciones rurales (P < 0,05). La adherencia fue menor en los adolescentes de mayor edad (P < 0,001), sin diferir entre sexos ni según las variables antropométricas. Los adolescentes más satisfechos con sus vidas (P < 0,001), más activos (P < 0,001), más estudiosos (P < 0,001) y menos sedentarios delante de una pantalla (P < 0,001) mostraron mayor adherencia al patrón alimentario mediterráneo. Conclusión: La mayoría de adolescentes necesitan mejorar su calidad nutricional. En comparación con estos sujetos, los más adheridos a la dieta mediterránea llevaban un estilo de vida más saludable y mostraron mayor satisfacción con sus vidas.
    背景与目标:
  • 【黑人的人体测量学: 广义皮褶方程的适用性以及黑人和白人之间脂肪模式的差异。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1093/ajcn/52.1.45 复制DOI
    作者列表:Zillikens MC,Conway JM
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :To test the accuracy of generalized skinfold (SF) equations in blacks and to compare fat patterning in black and white adults, percent body fat (%BF) was assessed in 90 blacks and 89 whites by deuterium oxide dilution (D2O) and by generalized SF equations [Durnin and Womersely (DW), and Jackson and Pollock and Jackson et al (JP)] by using two calipers (Lange and Holtain). In blacks, JP significantly underpredicted (2.95%) and DW overpredicted (1.74%) D2O %BF with the Lange caliper. With the Holtain caliper DW successfully predicted D2O %BF (r = 0.91, SEE = 3.8%). In whites, DW overpredicted D2O %BF more than in blacks (4.94% vs 1.74%). Lower triceps-subscapular and thigh-subscapular skinfold-thickness ratios in black females and lower suprailiac-subscapular ratios in black males and females were found. It was concluded that blacks may have more visceral and upper-body fat deposition.
    背景与目标: : 为了测试黑人的广义皮褶 (SF) 方程的准确性,并比较黑人和白人成年人的脂肪模式,通过氧化氘稀释 (D2O) 和广义SF方程 [Durnin和Womersely (DW),评估了90个黑人和89个白人的体脂百分比 (% BF),杰克逊和波洛克以及杰克逊等人 (JP)] 通过使用两个卡钳 (兰格和霍尔坦)。在黑人中,用兰格卡尺,JP明显低估 (2.95%) 和DW高估 (1.74%) D2O % BF。用保持卡尺DW成功地预测了D2O % BF (r = 0.91,参见 = 3.8%)。在白人中,DW比黑人更高估D2O % BF (4.94% 对1.74%)。发现黑人女性的肱三头肌-肩cap下和大腿-肩cap下皮褶厚度比较低,而黑人男性和女性的上肢-肩cap下比较低。结论是黑人可能有更多的内脏和上身脂肪沉积。
  • 【[瑞士少年和精英柔道国家队的人体测量学-描述性研究]。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1055/s-0032-1330510 复制DOI
    作者列表:Spieser L,Clijsen R,Rucker AM,Cabri J,Clarys P
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:To establish the anthropometrical characteristics and the hand grip strength of the Swiss junior and elite judo national team. The measured values were compared with data from the literature. METHODS:24 members, 19 males (23.01 ± 4.91 years) and five females (19.95 ± 2.02 years), were measured. The following anthropometric measurements were made: body size, body weight, six skinfolds (SFT), two breadths, two circumferences, body fat (tanita scale, Durnin and Womersley method), BMI and determination of somatotypes. In addition, the hand grip strength was measured. The anthropometric measurements were carried out in accordance with ISAK guidelines. The literature search was done electronically using PubMed. RESULTS:The mean somatotype of male judoka was 2,2 ± 0,8 for the endomorphy, 6,0 ± 0,9 for the mesomorphy and 2,0 ± 0,7 for the ectomorphy. The mean somatotype was balanced mesomorph. The mean hand grip strength of male judoka was 47,4 ± 6,7 kg. The mean somatotype of female judoka was 3.7 ± 1.2 for the endomorphy, 4,9 ± 0,7 for the mesomorphy and 1,5 ± 0,3 for the ectomorphy. The mean somatotype was mesomorphic endomorph. The mean hand grip strength of the female judoka was 27,0 ± 3,1 kg. There were anthropometric differences between the Swiss juniors and elite judoka and between the Swiss athletes and the athletes of the reference studies. CONCLUSION:The anthropometric data and the results of the hand grip strength give information, which components Swiss judoka should improve. A judoka who does not match the ideal profile can still be successful with the help of other factors (technical, tactical, mental strength).
    背景与目标:
  • 【年龄,人体测量和代谢综合征的组成部分-勃起功能障碍患者的下尿路症状是否相关的危险因素?一项前瞻性研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/J.1745-7262.2007.00211.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Paick JS,Yang JH,Kim SW,Ku JH
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: AIM:To evaluate the effects of metabolic profiles on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men with erectile dysfunction (ED). METHODS:A total of 75 impotent men aged 25-75 years old (mean 58.1 years) were included in the study on a prospective basis. Patients were evaluated with a complete history, physical examination, anthropometry and metabolic profiles. LUTS were assessed using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). RESULTS:Overall, there was no correlation between the IPSS and continuous parameters. However, when continuous variables were categorized, some parameters were significantly associated with LUTS. Patients with triglyceride level of 150 mg/dL or higher had more severe symptoms than those with triglyceride levels less than 150 mg/dL (19.4 +/- 2.4 vs. 14.3 +/- 1.1, P = 0.033). When 40 mg/dL was chosen as the high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol cut-off level, the IPSS was significantly different between the two groups divided by 40 mg/dL (19.4 +/- 2.6 for HDL-cholesterol < 40 mg/dL vs. 14.4 +/- 1.0 for HDL-cholesterol = or > 40 mg/dL, P = 0.042). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCC) of triglyceride was 65.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 52.6%-82.3%; P = 0.034) for severe LUTS. However, the AUROCC for 'HDL-cholesterol' was not significant (area, 65.4%; 95% CI, 48.2%-82.7%; P = 0.062). No other factors were determined to be significant in this regard. CONCLUSION:The results of the present study indicate that some metabolic profiles might influence LUTS in men with ED.
    背景与目标:
  • 【超声检查腹内脂肪测量: 与青少年人体测量和代谢综合征的关系。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.jped.2018.03.004 复制DOI
    作者列表:Novais RLR,Café ACC,Morais AA,Bila WC,Santos GDDS,Lopes CAO,Belo VS,Romano MCC,Lamounier JA
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:To associate intra-abdominal fat thickness measured by ultrasonography to the factors related to metabolic syndrome and to determine cutoff points of intra-abdominal fat measurement associated with a greater chance of metabolic syndrome in adolescents. METHODS:This was a cross-sectional study, with 423 adolescents from public schools. Intra-abdominal fat was measured by ultrasonography. Anthropometric data were collected, and biochemical analyses were performed. RESULTS:Intra-abdominal fat was measured by ultrasonography, showing a statistically significant association with the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (p=0.037), body mass index (p<0.001), elevated triglyceride levels (p=0.012), decreased plasma HDL levels (p=0.034), and increased systemic blood pressure values (p=0.023). Cutoff values of intra-abdominal fat thickness measurements were calculated by ultrasound to estimate the individuals most likely to develop metabolic syndrome. In the logistic regression models, the cutoff values that showed the highest association with metabolic syndrome in males were 4.50, 5.35, 5.46, 6.24, and 6.50cm for the ages of 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18/19 years, respectively. In the female gender, the cutoff values defined for the same age groups were 4.46, 4.55, 4.45, 4.90, and 6.46cm. In an overall analysis using the ROC curve, without gender and age stratification, the cut-off of 3.67cm showed good sensitivity, but low specificity. CONCLUSION:Ultrasonography is a useful method to estimate intra-abdominal adipose tissue in adolescents, which is associated with the main factors related to obesity and metabolic syndrome.
    背景与目标:
  • 【[慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的身体成分。生物电阻抗和人体测量的比较]。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Doré MF,Kouchakji B,Orvoën-Frija E,Rochemaure J,Laaban JP
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: Malnutrition is associated with poor prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Body weight is not a reliable evaluation criterium. Body composition which is more useful can be determined routinely using 2 techniquesskinfold thickness anthropometry (Ant) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The validity of this last technique has not been demonstrated in patients with COPD. Fat-free mass (FFM) in 58 patients (51 men, 7 women) with stable COPD (FEV1 < 50% of predicted value) was assessed using the 4-skinfold-thickness method (Ant) and BIA (Imp). Statistical analysis included correlation analysis, intraclass correlation coefficient, and the Bland and Altman analysis. Imp-FFM and Ant-FFM correlated well (r = 0.920; p < 0.0001). Intraclass correlation coefficient was high (rI = 0.9065). However, the values were scattered and there was a systematic bias (significant linear regression between the difference in estimates obtained by the 2 methods and the means). As anthropometric measurements are not reliable in the elderly patients, our results suggest that BIA could be a useful tool to determine FFM in patients with COPD. Its validity still has to be tested against a reference method.

    背景与目标: 营养不良与慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (COPD) 患者预后不良有关。体重不是可靠的评估标准。可以使用2种技术确定更有用的身体成分人体测量 (Ant) 和生物电阻抗分析 (BIA)。在COPD患者中尚未证明最后一种技术的有效性。使用4-皮肤厚度法 (Ant) 和BIA (Imp) 评估了58例 (51名男性,7名女性) 稳定期COPD (FEV1 <预测值的50%) 患者的无脂肪质量 (FFM)。统计分析包括相关分析,组内相关系数以及Bland和Altman分析。Imp-ffm和Ant-FFM相关性良好 (r = 0.920; p <0.0001)。组内相关系数较高 (rI = 0.9065)。但是,这些值是分散的,并且存在系统偏差 (通过两种方法获得的估计值差异与均值之间的显着线性回归)。由于人体测量在老年患者中不可靠,我们的结果表明,BIA可能是确定COPD患者FFM的有用工具。它的有效性仍需对照参考方法进行测试。
  • 7 Anatomy and anthropometry of human stapes. 复制标题 收藏 收藏

    【人体骨的解剖学和人体测量学。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.amjoto.2007.01.004 复制DOI
    作者列表:Farahani RM,Nooranipour M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Twelve human stapes from temporal bones fixed by formalin were extracted. Different dimensions were measured by an electronic microscope with an accuracy of microm. These dimensions were as follows: (1) maximum diameter of stapes head parallel to the axis of footplate, 1088 microm (range, 857-1277 microm); (2) distance of main nutritional foramen to head surface, 398 microm (range, 250-833 microm); (3) stapes head to shoulders, 757 microm (range, 571-1000 microm), head to foramen, 1047 microm (range, 785-1500 microm), and head to lateral surface of footplate, 2612 microm (range, 1892-3400 microm); (4) anterior crus width at shoulder, 398 microm (range, 333-500 microm); minimum width of anterior crus, 251 microm (range, 214-350 microm); (5) posterior crus width at shoulders, 386 microm (range, 285-600 microm); minimum width of posterior crus, 191 microm (range, 142-300 microm); (6) maximum width of footplate near anterior crus, 371 microm (range, 321-500 microm), maximum width of footplate near the posterior crus, 411 microm (range, 357-611 microm), minimum width of footplate, 228 microm (range, 178-388 microm); (7) maximum width of ossicle, 2298 microm (range, 1928-3050 microm); (8) angle between crura, 19.5 degrees (range, 15-24 degrees ); and (9) diameter of foramen at the end of curve, 1343 microm (range, 1071-1888 microm).
    背景与目标: : 从福尔马林固定的颞骨中提取了十二个人类stapes。通过电子显微镜以microm的精度测量了不同的尺寸。这些尺寸如下 :( 1) 与踏板轴线平行的the头的最大直径,1088微米 (范围,857-1277微米); (2) 主要营养孔到头表面的距离,398微米 (范围,250-833微米); (3) of头到肩,757微米 (范围,571-1000微米),头到孔,1047微米 (范围,785-1500微米),头到脚踏板的侧面,2612微米 (范围,1892-3400微米); (4) 肩前双脚宽度,398微微m (范围,333-500微微m); 前双脚最小宽度,251微微m (范围,214-350微微m); (5) 肩后双脚宽度,386微微m (范围,285-600微微m); 后双脚的最小宽度,191微米 (范围,142-300微米); (6) 前双脚附近的最大踏板宽度,371微米 (范围,321-500微米),后双脚附近的最大踏板宽度,411微米 (范围,357-611微米),脚踏板的最小宽度,228微米 (范围,178-388微米); (7) 小骨的最大宽度,2298微米 (范围,1928-3050微米); (8) crura之间的角度,19.5度 (范围,15-24度); (9) 曲线末端孔的直径,1343微米 (范围,1071-1888微米)。
  • 【性别,人体测量和先前激素状态对额面膝关节僵硬的不同影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2008.03.071 复制DOI
    作者列表:Cammarata ML,Dhaher YY
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Gender differences in passive frontal plane knee stiffness may contribute to the increased anterior cruciate ligament injury rate in females. Gender-based stiffness differences have been attributed to anthropometric variations, but little data exist describing this relationship. Furthermore, sex hormone levels appear to influence joint stiffness, but the differential effects of instantaneous and prior hormonal concentrations remain unknown. This study sought to explore the effect of gender, prior hormonal status, and anthropometry on passive frontal plane knee joint stiffness. METHODS:Twelve males and 31 females participated. Females were grouped by hormonal contraceptive use (non users [n=11], monophasic contraceptive users [n=11], and triphasic contraceptive users [n=9]) and tested at the same point in the menstrual cycle. Subjects' right knee was passively stretched +/-7 degrees in the frontal plane at 3 degrees /s. Stiffness was estimated at three loading levels and normalized by body size to minimize anthropometric biases. A 4 (group)x3 (load) repeated measures analysis of variance was performed for both raw and normalized stiffness. Linear regression analyses were preformed between stiffness estimates and knee diameter and quadriceps femoris angle. FINDINGS:Males displayed significantly greater (P<0.05) frontal plane stiffness than females. When normalized, males displayed significantly greater stiffness in valgus (P<0.05), but not varus (P>0.05) than females. No significant effect (P>0.05) of prior hormonal state was found; however, when normalized, varus stiffness was significantly less for triphasic contraceptive users than the other female groups (P<0.05). Quadriceps femoris angle was negatively correlated and knee diameter was positively correlated to knee stiffness. INTERPRETATION:Consistent with earlier in vitro findings, our data may indicate that ligament material properties are gender specific. A deficit in passive knee joint stiffness may place a larger burden on the neuromuscular system to resist frontal plane loading in females.
    背景与目标:
  • 【收入、出生顺序、兄弟姐妹和人体测量学。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1353/hub.2007.0012 复制DOI
    作者列表:Ghosh JR,Bandyopadhyay AR
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The purpose of the present cross-sectional study was to examine the relationship and effect of monthly household income, birth order, and number of siblings on adult body dimensions, adiposity index, and body composition among adult Bengali females. One hundred seventy-one adult Bengali females, age 20.35 +/- 1.51 years (mean +/- SD; range: 18-21 years) from Kolkata (formerly Calcutta) were studied. Anthropometric measures (weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference, and triceps, biceps, subscapular, suprailiac, and medial calf skinfold thicknesses) were taken from all participants using standard protocols. BMI and log10 of the sum of the five skinfold thicknesses were computed subsequently. Percentage of body fat was estimated from the triceps skinfold thickness following the equation of Durnin and Womersley (1974), and fat mass was then calculated. Results of the correlation analysis revealed that monthly household income had significant (p < 0.05) positive association with all anthropometric variables. Birth order and number of siblings showed significant (p < 0.05) inverse association. The correlation of monthly household income with anthropometric variables was much stronger for number of siblings and birth order. The results of the analysis of variance showed that monthly household income, birth order, and number of siblings (tertiles used to categorize all variables) had significant effects (p < 0.05) on anthropometric variables, indicating differences in adult body dimensions, the adiposity index, and body composition in relation to income, birth order, and number of siblings.
    背景与目标: : 本横断面研究的目的是研究孟加拉成年女性的家庭月收入,出生顺序和兄弟姐妹数量对成年身体尺寸,肥胖指数和身体组成的关系和影响。研究了来自加尔各答 (以前的加尔各答) 的一百零一名孟加拉成年女性,年龄20.35/- 1.51岁 (平均/- SD; 范围: 18-21岁)。使用标准方案从所有参与者中进行人体测量 (体重,身高,腰围,臀围以及三头肌,二头肌,肩胛骨下,上肌和小腿内侧皮褶厚度)。随后计算了五个皮褶厚度之和的BMI和log10。根据Durnin和Womersley (1974) 的方程式从肱三头肌皮褶厚度估算身体脂肪的百分比,然后计算脂肪量。相关分析的结果表明,家庭月收入与所有人体测量变量具有显着的正相关 (p <0.05)。出生顺序和兄弟姐妹数量显示出显着 (p < 0.05) 的反向关联。对于兄弟姐妹的数量和出生顺序,家庭月收入与人体测量变量的相关性要强得多。方差分析的结果表明,家庭月收入,出生顺序和兄弟姐妹的数量 (用于对所有变量进行分类的三分位数) 对人体测量变量有显着影响 (p <0.05),表明成年人的身体尺寸,肥胖指数以及与收入有关的身体组成,出生顺序和兄弟姐妹的数量。
  • 【癌症儿童营养状况的评估: 手臂人体测量和血清内脏蛋白的意义。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1002/pbc.28752 复制DOI
    作者列表:Yaprak DS,Yalçın B,Pınar AA,Büyükpamukçu M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Arm anthropometry is a better indicator of nutritional status in children with cancer. The value of serum albumin and prealbumin in nutritional assesment is debatable. We investigated the nutritional status of children with cancer and their serum albumin and prealbumin levels. PATIENTS AND METHODS:At diagnosis and following induction therapies, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and triceps skin-fold thickness (TSFT) were measured; serum albumin and prealbumin levels were determined. Prevalences of malnutrition defined by anthropometric indices were calculated. Correlations of anthropometric indices with each other, with serum albumin/prealbumin levels, and clinicopathological parameters were analyzed. RESULTS:In 81 patients, median age was 7.5 years (males/females = 50/31), tumors were located mostly in the abdomen, and abdominal tumors were more common under 5 years. Prevalence of malnutrition according to weight for age, BMI, MUAC, TSFT z scores were 14.8%, 23.5%, 27.2%, 21%, respectively. Defined by combined BMI/MUAC/TSFT measurements, 33/81 cases (40.7%) had malnutrition (z scores < -1, 23 mild; z scores < -2, 10 moderate). Malnutrition was more prevalent under 5 years (P = .03), also in abdominal tumors (P = .03) and advanced disease (P < .001). Younger age and advanced disease were risk factors for malnutrition. At diagnosis, prevalences of low serum albumin and prealbumin levels were 7.4% and 54%, respectively. Cases with malnutrition had significantly lower survival rates. CONCLUSIONS:Nutritional status is assessed best by MUAC and TSFT measurements. Serum prealbumin levels can be used to identify patients at risk of undernutrition. Presence of malnutrition is a significant poor prognostic factor. All children with cancer should undergo nutritional evaluation and active nutritional support.
    背景与目标:
  • 【通过人体测量法比较中国汉族人群早期和中期成人对眼周外观的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.bjps.2019.07.030 复制DOI
    作者列表:Ma H,Chen Y,Cai X,Tang Z,Nie C,Lu R
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:Age-related change in ocular appearance occurs throughout adulthood, and involutional alterations in periocular tissues are common in middle-aged or older adults. This study sought to investigate significant differences in periocular anthropometry between young and middle-aged adults of Chinese Han ethnic group. METHODS:A total of 589 Chinese Han adults were recruited for cross-sectional investigation: 309 young adults (20 to 30 years), and 280 middle adulthood (50 to 70 years). Standardized, frontal view photographs were taken from each subject for measurements of 17 ocular anthropometric parameters (11 linear, three angular and three indicial parameters) detailing dimensions of palpebral fissures, and eyebrows. Eyelid crease morphologies were also evaluated. FINDINGS:Distribution of eyelid crease subtypes were different between the two age-groups, and an eyelid subtype (Type VI Closed Crescent) was uniquely found in middle-aged adults. Significant differences were found in majority of the ocular parameters. For most of the fissure-related measurements, values were greater in young adults. For some distance-dimensions between eyes and eyebrows, values were greater in the middle-aged adults. Detailed evaluation of periocular parameters of different age was individually performed for two subjects, which embodied findings from the cross-sectional analysis. CONCLUSIONS:By comparison of anthropometries between age-groups, we found alterations in periocular and eyelid morphologies under effect of aging, with association of laxity and loss of elasticity in periocular tissues. This study was the first to provide normative periocular dimensions of early and middle adulthoods in Chinese Han, which is useful for considerations in esthetic surgical decision-making for this population.
    背景与目标:
  • 【绒毛膜板中胎儿脉管系统的人体测量。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00819.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Gordon Z,Elad D,Almog R,Hazan Y,Jaffa AJ,Eytan O
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Normal fetal development is dependent on adequate placental blood perfusion. The functional role of the placenta takes place mainly in the capillary system; however, ultrasound imaging of fetal blood flow is commonly performed on the umbilical artery, or on its first branches over the chorionic plate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the structural organization of the feto-placental vasculature of the chorionic plate. Casting of the placental vasculature was performed on 15 full-term placentas using a dental polymer mixed with colored ink. Observations of the cast models revealed that the branching architecture of the chorionic vessel is a combination of dichotomous and monopodial patterns, where the first two to three generations are always of a dichotomous nature. Analysis of the daughter-to-mother diameter ratios in the chorionic vessels provided a maximum in the range of 0.6-0.8 for the dichotomous branches, whereas in monopodial branches it was in the range of 0.1-0.3. Similar to previous studies, this study reveals that the vasculature architecture is mostly monopodial for the marginal cord insertion and mostly dichotomous for the central insertion. The more marginal the umbilical cord insertion is on the chorionic plate, the more monopodial branching patterns are created to compensate the dichotomous pattern deficiency to perfuse peripheral placental territories.
    背景与目标: : 正常的胎儿发育依赖于充足的胎盘血液灌注。胎盘的功能作用主要发生在毛细血管系统中; 但是,胎儿血流的超声成像通常在脐动脉或绒毛膜板上的第一个分支上进行。这项研究的目的是评估绒毛膜板的胎儿胎盘脉管系统的结构组织。使用与彩色墨水混合的牙科聚合物对15个足月胎盘进行胎盘脉管系统的铸造。对铸造模型的观察表明,绒毛膜血管的分支结构是二分和单足模式的组合,其中前两到三代总是二分的。对绒毛膜血管中子母直径比的分析提供了二分分支在0.6-0.8范围内的最大值,而在单足分支中,则在0.1-0.3范围内。与以前的研究相似,这项研究表明,脉管系统结构对于边缘脐带插入而言大多是单足的,而对于中心插入而言则是二分的。脐带插入绒毛膜板上的边缘越多,产生的单足分支模式就越多,以补偿二分模式的缺陷,以灌注外周胎盘区域。
  • 【根据肿瘤免疫细胞组成的诊断前人体测量,性别和结直肠癌的风险。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1080/2162402X.2019.1664275 复制DOI
    作者列表:Berntsson J,Eberhard J,Nodin B,Leandersson K,Larsson AH,Jirström K
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Obesity is a well-established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), but the association with the tumor microenvironment has been sparsely described. Herein, we examined the relationship between pre-diagnostic anthropometry and CRC risk according to tumor immune cell composition, with particular reference to potential sex differences. The density of different immune cell subsets was assessed by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays with tumors from 584 incident CRC cases in a prospective, population-based cohort (n = 28098). Multivariable Cox regression models, adjusted for age, smoking, alcohol intake, and educational level, were applied to calculate risk of immune marker-defined CRC in relation to quartiles of pre-diagnostic height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences, waist-hip ratio (WHR), and body fat percentage (BFP). Obesity was all over significantly associated with risk of CRC with low density of FoxP3+ T cells and low programmed cell-death protein 1 (PD-L1) expression on tumor cells, but with high density of CD8+ T cells and CD20+ B cells. In women, obesity was significantly associated with risk of PD-L1 high tumors (p= 0.009 for weight, p= 0.039 for BMI). Contrastingly, in men, obesity defined by all anthropometric factors was significantly associated with PD-L1 low tumors (p= 0.005 for weight, p = 0.002 for BMI, p<0.001 for waist, p= 0.011 for hip, p<0.001 for WHR, and p= 0.004 for BFP). In summary, obesity appears to influence the immune landscape of CRC, possibly in a sex-dependent manner. Thus, anthropometry and sex may be important factors to take into account when assessing the prognostic or predictive value of relevant complementary immune biomarkers.
    背景与目标: : 肥胖是结直肠癌 (CRC) 的公认危险因素,但与肿瘤微环境的关系很少被描述。在此,我们根据肿瘤免疫细胞组成,特别是潜在的性别差异,研究了诊断前人体测量学与CRC风险之间的关系。在前瞻性,基于人群的队列 (n = 28098) 中,通过组织微阵列中具有来自584例CRC病例的肿瘤的组织微阵列中评估了不同免疫细胞亚群的密度。根据年龄,吸烟,饮酒和受教育程度进行调整的多变量Cox回归模型用于计算免疫标记物定义的CRC的风险,该风险与诊断前身高,体重,体重指数 (BMI),腰围和臀围的四分位数有关。腰臀比 (WHR) 和体脂百分比 (BFP)。肥胖与CRC的风险显着相关,其中FoxP3 T细胞密度低,肿瘤细胞上程序性细胞死亡蛋白1 (PD-L1) 表达低,而CD8 T细胞和CD20 b细胞密度高。在女性中,肥胖与PD-L1高肿瘤的风险显着相关 (体重p = 0.009,BMI p = 0.039)。相反,在男性中,由所有人体测量因素定义的肥胖与PD-L1低肿瘤显着相关 (体重p = 0.005,BMI p = 0.002,腰围p<0.001,臀部p = 0.011,WHR p<0.001,BFP p = 0.004)。总之,肥胖似乎以性别依赖的方式影响CRC的免疫环境。因此,人体测量学和性别可能是评估相关补充免疫生物标志物的预后或预测价值时要考虑的重要因素。
  • 【母亲尿中有机磷酸酯代谢物的浓度: 与罗德岛母婴对的妊娠体重增加,早期生命人体测量和婴儿饮食行为的关系。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1186/s12940-020-00648-0 复制DOI
    作者列表:Crawford KA,Hawley N,Calafat AM,Jayatilaka NK,Froehlich RJ,Has P,Gallagher LG,Savitz DA,Braun JM,Werner EF,Romano ME
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Organophosphate esters (OPEs)-used as flame retardants and plasticizers-are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as reduced fecundity and live births and increased preterm delivery. OPEs may interfere with growth and metabolism via endocrine-disruption, but few studies have investigated endocrine-related outcomes. The objective of this pilot study (n = 56 mother-infant pairs) was to evaluate associations of OPEs with gestational weight gain (GWG), gestational age at delivery, infant anthropometry, and infant feeding behaviors. METHODS:We quantified OPE metabolites (bis-2-chloroethyl phosphate [BCEP], bis (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate [BDCPP], diphenyl phosphate [DPHP]) in pooled maternal spot urine collected throughout pregnancy (~ 12, 28, and 35 weeks' gestation). We obtained maternal sociodemographic characteristics from questionnaires administered at enrollment and perinatal characteristics from medical record abstraction. Trained research assistants measured infant weight, length, head and abdominal circumferences, and skinfold thicknesses at birth and 6 weeks postpartum. Mothers reported infant feeding behavior via the Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire (BEBQ). Using multiple linear regression, we assessed associations of log2-transformed maternal urinary OPE metabolites with GWG, gestational age at delivery, infant anthropometry at birth, weekly growth rate, and BEBQ scores at 6 weeks postpartum. We used linear mixed effects (LME) models to analyze overall infant anthropometry during the first 6 weeks of life. Additionally, we considered effect modification by infant sex. RESULTS:We observed weak positive associations between all OPE metabolites and GWG. In LME models, BDCPP was associated with increased infant length (β = 0.44 cm, 95%CI = 0.01, 0.87) and weight in males (β = 0.14 kg, 95%CI = 0.03, 0.24). BDCPP was also associated with increased food responsiveness (β = 0.23, 95%CI = 0.06, 0.40). DPHP was inversely associated with infant abdominal circumference (β = - 0.50 cm, 95%CI = - 0.86, - 0.14) and female weight (β = - 0.19 kg, 95%CI = - 0.36, - 0.02), but positively associated with weekly growth in iliac skinfold thickness (β = 0.10 mm/wk., 95%CI = 0.02, 0.19). Further, DPHP was weakly associated with increased feeding speed. BCEP was associated with greater infant thigh skinfold thickness (β = 0.34 mm, 95%CI = 0.16, 0.52) and subscapular skinfold thickness in males (β = 0.14 mm, 95%CI = 0.002, 0.28). CONCLUSIONS:Collectively, these findings suggest that select OPEs may affect infant anthropometry and feeding behavior, with the most compelling evidence for BDCPP and DPHP.
    背景与目标:
  • 【根据韩国人群的骨密度,体脂量和人体测量学鉴定高甘油三酯血症。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1186/s12872-019-1050-2 复制DOI
    作者列表:Chi JH,Shin MS,Lee BJ
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Hypertriglyceridemia is strongly associated with the risks of cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, and metabolic syndrome. The relationship between hypertriglyceridemia or high triglyceride levels and bone mineral density remains controversial. Furthermore, to date, no study has simultaneously examined the association among hypertriglyceridemia, bone area, bone mineral content, bone mineral density, body fat mass, and anthropometrics. The present study aimed to evaluate the association among hypertriglyceridemia, anthropometrics and various bone density and body fat composition variables to identify the best indicator of hypertriglyceridemia in a Korean population. METHODS:The data were obtained from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. In total, 3918 subjects aged 20-80 years participated in this study. In the variable analysis of the waist circumference (WC), trunk fat mass (Trk-Ft), body mass index, etc., a binary logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the significance of the differences between the normal group and hypertriglyceridemia groups. RESULTS:In both men and women, the WC showed the strongest association with hypertriglyceridemia in the crude analysis (odds ratio (OR) = 1.738 [confidence interval = 1.529-1.976] and OR = 2.075 [1.797-2.397]), but the Trk-Ft was the most strongly associated with the disease after adjusting for age and body mass index (adjusted OR = 1.565 [1.262-1.941] and adjusted OR = 1.730 [1.291-2.319]). In particular, the Pelvis area (Plv-A) was the most significant among the bone variables in women (adjusted OR = 0.641 [0.515-0.796]). In the predictive power analysis, the best indicator of hypertriglyceridemia was WC in women (the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.718 [0.685-0.751]) and Trk-Ft in men (AUC = 0.672 [0.643-0.702]). The WC was also the most predictive among the anthropometric variables in men (AUC = 0.670 [0.641-0.700]). The strength of the association and predictive power was stronger in women than in men. CONCLUSIONS:The WC in women and Trk-Ft in men exhibited the best predictive power for hypertriglyceridemia. Our findings support the use of basic information for the identification of hypertriglyceridemia or high triglyceride levels in initial health screening efforts.
    背景与目标:

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