There is growing evidence that dog-directed and infant-directed speech have similar acoustic characteristics, like high overall pitch, wide pitch range, and attention-getting devices. However, it is still unclear whether dog- and infant-directed speech have gender or context-dependent acoustic features. In the present study, we collected comparable infant-, dog-, and adult directed speech samples (IDS, DDS, and ADS) in four different speech situations (Storytelling, Task solving, Teaching, and Fixed sentences situations); we obtained the samples from parents whose infants were younger than 30 months of age and also had pet dog at home. We found that ADS was different from IDS and DDS, independently of the speakers' gender and the given situation. Higher overall pitch in DDS than in IDS during free situations was also found. Our results show that both parents hyperarticulate their vowels when talking to children but not when addressing dogs: this result is consistent with the goal of hyperspeech in language tutoring. Mothers, however, exaggerate their vowels for their infants under 18 months more than fathers do. Our findings suggest that IDS and DDS have context-dependent features and support the notion that people adapt their prosodic features to the acoustic preferences and emotional needs of their audience.

译文

:越来越多的证据表明,以狗为导向的语音和以婴儿为导向的语音具有相似的声学特征,例如较高的总体音高,较宽的音调范围和引人注目的装置。但是,尚不清楚以狗和婴儿为导向的语音是否具有性别或上下文相关的声学特征。在本研究中,我们收集了四种不同语音情况(讲故事,任务解决,教学和固定句子情况)下可比较的婴儿,狗和成人定向语音样本(IDS,DDS和ADS);我们从父母那里获得了样本,这些父母的婴儿还不到30个月大,并且家里还养有宠物狗。我们发现,ADS与IDS和DDS有所不同,与说话者的性别和给定情况无关。在空闲状态下,DDS中的总体音高也比IDS中的高。我们的结果表明,父母双方在与孩子交谈时会发声过元音,而在与狗说话时则不会发声:此结果与语言教学中的高语音目标是一致的。但是,母亲比18个月大的夸大18个月以下婴儿的元音。我们的发现表明,IDS和DDS具有上下文相关的功能,并支持人们将韵律功能适应听众的听觉偏好和情感需求这一观点。

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