Choroid plexus epithelial cells (CPECs) have essential developmental and homeostatic roles related to the CSF and blood-CSF barrier they produce. Accordingly, CPEC dysfunction has been implicated in many neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, and transplant studies have provided proof-of-concept for CPEC-based therapies. However, such therapies have been hindered by the inability to expand or generate CPECs in culture. During development, CPECs differentiate from preneurogenic neuroepithelial cells and require bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, but whether BMPs suffice for CPEC induction is unknown. Here we provide evidence for BMP4 sufficiency to induce CPEC fate from neural progenitors derived from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). CPEC specification by BMP4 was restricted to an early time period after neural induction in culture, with peak CPEC competency correlating to neuroepithelial cells rather than radial glia. In addition to molecular, cellular, and ultrastructural criteria, derived CPECs (dCPECs) had functions that were indistinguishable from primary CPECs, including self-assembly into secretory vesicles and integration into endogenous choroid plexus epithelium following intraventricular injection. We then used BMP4 to generate dCPECs from human ESC-derived neuroepithelial cells. These findings demonstrate BMP4 sufficiency to instruct CPEC fate, expand the repertoire of stem cell-derived neural derivatives in culture, and herald dCPEC-based therapeutic applications aimed at the unique interface between blood, CSF, and brain governed by CPECs.

译文

:脉络丛上皮细胞(CPEC)与它们产生的CSF和血液CSF屏障有关,具有重要的发育和体内平衡作用。因此,CPEC功能障碍与许多神经系统疾病有关,例如阿尔茨海默氏病,移植研究为基于CPEC的疗法提供了概念验证。但是,这种疗法由于无法在培养物中扩增或产生CPEC而受到阻碍。在发育过程中,CPEC与神经原性神经上皮细胞有所区别,并需要骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)信号传导,但是BMP是否足以满足CPEC的诱导尚不清楚。在这里,我们提供了BMP4足以诱导来自小鼠胚胎干细胞(ESC)的神经祖细胞的CPEC命运的证据。 BMP4的CPEC规范仅限于培养中神经诱导后的早期时段,其峰值CPEC能力与神经上皮细胞而不是radial神经胶质细胞有关。除了分子,细胞和超微结构标准外,衍生的CPEC(dCPEC)具有与主要CPEC不可区分的功能,包括自组装成分泌小泡以及在心室内注射后整合入内源性脉络丛上皮。然后,我们使用BMP4从人ESC衍生的神经上皮细胞生成dCPEC。这些发现表明,BMP4足以指导CPEC的命运,扩大文化中干细胞衍生的神经衍生物的种类,并预示了基于dCPEC的治疗应用,其目标是血液,CSF和受CPEC支配的大脑之间的独特界面。

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