BACKGROUND:Decision making in health and social care requires robust syntheses of both quantitative and qualitative evidence. Meta-ethnography is a seven-phase methodology for synthesising qualitative studies. Developed in 1988 by sociologists in education Noblit and Hare, meta-ethnography has evolved since its inception; it is now widely used in healthcare research and is gaining popularity in education research. The aim of this article is to provide up-to-date, in-depth guidance on conducting the complex analytic synthesis phases 4 to 6 of meta-ethnography through analysis of the latest methodological evidence. METHODS:We report findings from a methodological systematic review conducted from 2015 to 2016. Fourteen databases and five other online resources were searched. Expansive searches were also conducted resulting in inclusion of 57 publications on meta-ethnography conduct and reporting from a range of academic disciplines published from 1988 to 2016. RESULTS:Current guidance on applying meta-ethnography originates from a small group of researchers using the methodology in a health context. We identified that researchers have operationalised the analysis and synthesis methods of meta-ethnography - determining how studies are related (phase 4), translating studies into one another (phase 5), synthesising translations (phase 6) and line of argument synthesis - to suit their own syntheses resulting in variation in methods and their application. Empirical research is required to compare the impact of different methods of translation and synthesis. Some methods are potentially better at preserving links with the context and meaning of primary studies, a key principle of meta-ethnography. A meta-ethnography can and should include reciprocal and refutational translation and line of argument synthesis, rather than only one of these, to maximise the impact of its outputs. CONCLUSION:The current work is the first to articulate and differentiate the methodological variations and their application for different purposes and represents a significant advance in the understanding of the methodological application of meta-ethnography.

译文

背景:卫生和社会保健中的决策需要对定量和定性证据进行强有力的综合。元民族志是综合定性研究的七个阶段的方法。元民族志学是由社会学家在教育Noblit和Hare于1988年开发的,自成立以来就已经发展起来。现在它已广泛用于医疗保健研究,并在教育研究中越来越受欢迎。本文的目的是通过对最新方法论证据的分析,为进行元民族志的复杂分析综合阶段4至6提供最新,深入的指导。
方法:我们报告了从2015年至2016年进行的方法学系统评价的发现。共检索了14个数据库和其他5个在线资源。还进行了广泛的搜索,结果纳入了57种有关元民族志行为的出版物,并报告了1988年至2016年出版的一系列学术学科的报告。
结果:目前有关应用元民族志的指南源自一小部分研究人员在健康背景下使用该方法的研究。我们确定研究人员已实施了元民族志的分析和综合方法-确定研究之间的相关性(第4阶段),将研究相互转化(第5阶段),合成翻译(第6阶段)和论点综合路线-以适应它们自身的合成导致方法及其应用的变化。需要进行经验研究以比较不同翻译和合成方法的影响。某些方法在保留与基础研究的上下文和意义的联系方面可能会更好,这是元民族志的一项重要原则。元民族志可以并且应该包括对等翻译和推论翻译以及论点综合,而不仅仅是其中之一,以最大程度地发挥其产出的影响。
结论:当前的工作是第一个阐明和区分方法学变化及其在不同目的中的应用的工作,并且代表了对元民族志方法学应用的理解的重大进步。

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