PURPOSE:Delayed auditory feedback (DAF) is known to induce stuttering-like disfluencies (SLDs) and cause speech rate reductions in normally fluent adults, but the reason for speech disruptions is not fully known, and individual variation has not been well characterized. Studying individual variation in susceptibility to DAF may identify factors that predispose an individual to be more or less dependent on auditory feedback. METHOD:Participants were 62 normally fluent adults. Each participant performed a spontaneous speech task in 250-ms DAF and amplified nondelayed auditory feedback (NAF) conditions. SLDs, other disfluencies (ODs), speech errors (SEs), and articulation rate (AR) were measured under each condition. RESULTS:In the DAF condition, SLDs and SEs significantly increased, and AR decreased. Sex had a limited effect in that men exhibited higher rates of ODs and faster AR than women. More important, parametric cluster analysis identified that 2- and 3-subgroup solutions reveal important variation that differentiates tendencies toward disfluency changes and rate reduction under DAF, which are theoretically and empirically preferred to a single-group solution. CONCLUSION:Individual variability in response to DAF may be accounted for by subgroups of individuals. This suggests that certain normally fluent individuals could be more dependent on intact feedback to maintain fluency.

译文

目的:延迟听觉反馈(DAF)会引起口吃样的流离失所(SLD),并导致正常流利成人的语速降低,但语音障碍的原因尚不完全清楚,而且个体变异性尚未得到很好的表征。研究个体对DAF敏感性的变化可能会发现一些因素,这些因素使个体倾向于或多或少地依赖听觉反馈。
方法:参与者为62名正常流利的成年人。每个参与者在250毫秒DAF中执行自发的语音任务,并放大了非延迟听觉反馈(NAF)条件。在每种情况下均测量了SLD,其他不满(OD),言语错误(SE)和发音速率(AR)。
结果:在DAF条件下,SLD和SE显着增加,AR降低。性别的作用有限,因为男性比女性表现出更高的OD值和更快的AR。更重要的是,参数聚类分析确定了2和3个子组解决方案显示出重要的变化,这些变化区分了DAF下流向变化和速率降低的趋势,这在理论上和经验上都比单组解决方案更可取。
结论:对DAF的个体变异可能是由个体亚组引起的。这表明某些正常流利的个人可能更依赖完整的反馈来保持流利。

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