BACKGROUND:Health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) is a relevant and quantifiable outcome of care. We implemented HR-QOL assessment at all primary care visits at UCSD Owen Clinic using EQ-5D. The study aim was to estimate the prognostic value of EQ-5D for survival, hospitalization, and emergency department (ED) utilization after controlling for CD4 and HIV plasma viral load (pVL). METHODS:We conducted a retrospective analysis of HIV clinic based cohort (1996-2000). The EQ-5D includes single item measures of: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Each item is coded using 3-levels (1 = no problems; 2 = some problems; 3 = severe problems). The instrument includes a global rating of current health using a visual analog scale (VAS) ranging from 0 (worst imaginable) to 100 (best imaginable). An additional single item measure of health change (better, much the same, worse) was included. A predicted VAS (pVAS) was estimated by regressing the 5 EQ-5D health states on VAS using reference cell coding of health states and random effects linear models. Survival models were fit using Cox modelling. Hospitalization and ED rate models were estimated using population-averaged Poisson models. RESULTS:965 patients met eligibility criteria. 12% were female; 42% were non-white. Median time-at-risk was 1.2 years. Median CD4 was 233. Median log10(pVL) was 4.6. 47 deaths occurred. In two Cox models controlling for CD4 and pVL, the adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for VAS and pVAS as time-varying covariates were 0.73 (95% CI: 0.63-0.83) and 0.66 (95% CI: 0.56-0.77) respectively, for every 10 point increase in (p)VAS rating. In Poisson regression models predicting ED visit rates and hospital discharge rates controlling for current CD4 and pVL, each of the EQ-5D health dimensions, VAS, and health change items were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with the outcomes. For ED visit rates, the adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) were 0.86 (0.83-0.89) and 0.79 (0.75-0.82) for VAS and pVAS, respectively. For hospital discharge rates, the aIRR's were 0.85 (0.82-0.88) and 0.79 (0.75-0.82) for VAS and pVAS, respectively. CONCLUSION:EQ-5D is a brief and prognostically useful predictor of mortality, hospitalization, and ED utilization among adults under care for HIV infection, even after adjusting for CD4 and HIV plasma viral load.

译文

背景:健康相关的生活质量(HR-QOL)是护理的相关且可量化的结果。我们使用EQ-5D在UCSD欧文诊所的所有初级保健就诊中实施了HR-QOL评估。研究目的是评估控制CD4和HIV血浆病毒载量(pVL)后,EQ-5D对生存,住院和急诊科(ED)利用的预后价值。
方法:我们对1996-2000年基于HIV临床研究的队列进行了回顾性分析。 EQ-5D包括以下各项的单项指标:活动能力,自我护理,日常活动,疼痛/不适和焦虑/抑郁。每个项目使用3级编码(1 =没问题; 2 =某些问题; 3 =严重的问题)。该仪器使用视觉模拟量表(VAS)对当前健康状况进行总体评分,其范围从0(可想象的最差)到100(可想象的最好)。还包括一项其他的健康变化单项指标(更好,大致相同,更差)。通过使用健康状态的参考细胞编码和随机效应线性模型对VAS上的5个EQ-5D健康状态进行回归,可以估算出预测的VAS(pVAS)。使用Cox模型拟合生存模型。住院和急诊室率模型是使用人口平均泊松模型估算的。
结果:965名患者符合入选标准。女性占12%; 42%为非白人。中位风险时间为1.2年。 CD4中位数为233。log10(pVL)中位数为4.6。发生了47人死亡。在控制CD4和pVL的两个Cox模型中,VAS和pVAS的时变协变量的调整后风险比(aHR)分别为0.73(95%CI:0.63-0.83)和0.66(95%CI:0.56-0.77), (p)VAS评级每提高10点,就可以达到一次。在预测当前CD4和pVL的ED访视率和出院率的Poisson回归模型中,EQ-5D健康维度,VAS和健康变化项均与结果显着相关(p <0.05)。对于急诊就诊率,VAS和pVAS的调整后发病率比(aIRR)分别为0.86(0.83-0.89)和0.79(0.75-0.82)。对于医院出院率,VAS和pVAS的aIRR分别为0.85(0.82-0.88)和0.79(0.75-0.82)。
结论:EQ-5D是即使在调整了CD4和HIV血浆病毒载量之后,在接受HIV感染的成年人中,死亡率,住院率和ED利用率的简短且对预后有用的预测指标。

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