BACKGROUND:Perceived neighborhood characteristics, including satisfaction with one's neighborhood as a place to live, are associated with lower obesity rates and more favorable cardiovascular risk factor profiles. Yet, few studies have evaluated whether changes in perceived neighborhood characteristics over time may be associated with cardiometabolic health indicators.
METHODS:Changes in perception of one's neighborhood (2013-2016) were determined from a cohort of residents who lived in one of two low-income urban neighborhoods. Changes were categorized into the following: improvement vs. no change or worsening over the three-year time-period. Multivariable linear regression was used to measure the association between perceived improvement in each of the neighborhood characteristics with cardiometabolic outcomes (BMI, SBP, DBP, HbA1c, HDL-c) that were assessed in 2016, and compared with those who perceived no change or worsening of neighborhood characteristics. Models were adjusted for age, sex, income, education, marital status, physical function, neighborhood, and years spent in neighborhood. To examine potential sex differences, follow-up models were conducted and stratified by sex.
RESULTS:Among the 622 individuals who remained in the same neighborhood during the time period, 93% were African American, 80% were female, and the mean age was 58 years. In covariate-adjusted models, those who perceived improvement in their neighborhood safety over the time period had a significantly higher BMI (kg/m2) than those who perceived no improvement or worsening (β = 1.5, p = 0.0162); however, perceived improvement in safety was also significantly associated with lower SBP (mmHg) (β = - 3.8, p = 0.0361). When results were stratified by sex, the relationship between improved perceived neighborhood safety and BMI was only evident in females.
CONCLUSIONS:These findings suggest that perceived neighborhood characteristics may impact cardiometabolic outcomes (BMI, SBP), but through differing pathways. This highlights the complexity of the associations between neighborhood characteristics and underscores the need for more longitudinal studies to confirm the associations with cardiometabolic health in African American populations.
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【Changes in perceptions of neighborhood environment and Cardiometabolic outcomes in two predominantly African American neighborhoods.].
【在两个主要为非裔美国人的社区中，社区环境感知和心脏代谢结果的变化。】
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DOI：10.1186/s12889-019-8119-9文章类型：杂志文章
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背景：感知到的邻里特征，包括对一个邻里作为居住地的满意度，与较低的肥胖率和更有利的心血管危险因素有关。然而，很少有研究评估随时间变化的感知邻里特征是否可能与心脏代谢健康指标相关。
方法：根据一组居住在两个低收入城市社区之一中的居民来确定自己对邻居的感知变化（2013-2016）。变化可分为以下几类：在三年的时间内，改进与无变化或恶化之间的关系。多变量线性回归用于衡量在2016年评估的每个邻里特征的感知改善与心脏代谢结果（BMI，SBP，DBP，HbA1c，HDL-c）之间的关联，并将其与未发现变化或恶化的患者进行比较邻里特征。模型针对年龄，性别，收入，教育程度，婚姻状况，身体机能，邻里关系以及在邻里生活的时间进行了调整。为了检查潜在的性别差异，进行了随访模型并按性别进行了分层。
结果：在此期间留在同一社区的622个人中，非裔美国人为93％，女性为80％，平均年龄为58岁。在协变量调整模型中，那些在一段时间内感知到邻里安全性改善的人的BMI（kg / m2）明显高于那些没有改善或恶化的人的BMI（βhigher = 1.5，p = 0.0162）；但是，人们认为安全性的改善也与较低的SBP（mmHg）显着相关（β==-3.8，p == 0.0361）。如果按性别对结果进行分层，则仅在女性中，改善的邻里安全感与BMI之间的关系才明显。
结论：这些发现表明，感知的邻里特征可能会影响心脏代谢的结果（BMI，SBP），但会通过不同的途径。这突显了邻里特征之间关联的复杂性，并强调了需要进行更多纵向研究，以确认非裔美国人人群中与心脏代谢健康的关联。
方法：根据一组居住在两个低收入城市社区之一中的居民来确定自己对邻居的感知变化（2013-2016）。变化可分为以下几类：在三年的时间内，改进与无变化或恶化之间的关系。多变量线性回归用于衡量在2016年评估的每个邻里特征的感知改善与心脏代谢结果（BMI，SBP，DBP，HbA1c，HDL-c）之间的关联，并将其与未发现变化或恶化的患者进行比较邻里特征。模型针对年龄，性别，收入，教育程度，婚姻状况，身体机能，邻里关系以及在邻里生活的时间进行了调整。为了检查潜在的性别差异，进行了随访模型并按性别进行了分层。
结果：在此期间留在同一社区的622个人中，非裔美国人为93％，女性为80％，平均年龄为58岁。在协变量调整模型中，那些在一段时间内感知到邻里安全性改善的人的BMI（kg / m2）明显高于那些没有改善或恶化的人的BMI（βhigher = 1.5，p = 0.0162）；但是，人们认为安全性的改善也与较低的SBP（mmHg）显着相关（β==-3.8，p == 0.0361）。如果按性别对结果进行分层，则仅在女性中，改善的邻里安全感与BMI之间的关系才明显。
结论：这些发现表明，感知的邻里特征可能会影响心脏代谢的结果（BMI，SBP），但会通过不同的途径。这突显了邻里特征之间关联的复杂性，并强调了需要进行更多纵向研究，以确认非裔美国人人群中与心脏代谢健康的关联。
