In May 2016, countries using oral polio vaccine for routine immunization switched from trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (tOPV) to bivalent type 1 and 3 OPV (bOPV). This was done in order to reduce risks from type 2 vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPV2) and vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) and to introduce ≥1 dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) to mitigate post-switch loss of type 2 immunity. We conducted a literature review of studies that assessed humoral and intestinal immunogenicity induced by the newly recommended schedules. Differences in seroconversion rates were closely associated with both timing of first IPV administration and number of doses administered. All studies demonstrated high levels of immunity for types 1 and 3 regardless of immunization schedule. When administered late in the primary series, a second dose of IPV closed the humoral immunity gap against polio type 2 associated with a single dose. IPV doses and administration schedules appear to have limited impact on type 2 excretion following challenge.

译文

:2016年5月,使用口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗进行常规免疫的国家从三价口服脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗(tOPV)改为二价1型和3型OPV(bOPV)。这样做是为了降低源自2型疫苗的脊髓灰质炎病毒(VDPV2)和与疫苗相关的麻痹性脊髓灰质炎(VAPP)的风险,并引入≥1剂量的灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗(IPV)以减轻转换后2型免疫力丧失。我们对研究进行了文献综述,这些研究评估了新推荐的时间表诱发的体液和肠道免疫原性。血清转化率的差异与首次IPV给药的时间和给药剂量密切相关。所有研究均表明,无论接种时间表如何,对1型和3型免疫均具有高水平的免疫力。在主要系列药物的后期服用时,第二剂IPV可以消除与单剂相关的2型小儿麻痹症的体液免疫力差距。 IPV剂量和给药方案似乎对激发后2型排泄物的影响有限。

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