BACKGROUND:Children with bipolar disorder (BD) or severe mood dysregulation (SMD) show behavioural and neural deficits during facial emotion processing. In those with other psychiatric disorders, such deficits have been associated with reduced attention to eye regions while looking at faces.
METHODS:We examined gaze fixation patterns during a facial emotion labelling task among children with pediatric BD and SMD and among healthy controls. Participants viewed facial expressions with varying emotions (anger, fear, sadness, happiness, neutral) and emotional levels (60%, 80%, 100%) and labelled emotional expressions.
RESULTS:Our study included 22 children with BD, 28 with SMD and 22 controls. Across all facial emotions, children with BD and SMD made more labelling errors than controls. Compared with controls, children with BD spent less time looking at eyes and made fewer eye fixations across emotional expressions. Gaze patterns in children with SMD tended to fall between those of children with BD and controls, although they did not differ significantly from either of these groups on most measures. Decreased fixations to eyes correlated with lower labelling accuracy in children with BD, but not in those with SMD or in controls.
LIMITATIONS:Most children with BD were medicated, which precluded our ability to evaluate medication effects on gaze patterns.
CONCLUSION:Facial emotion labelling deficits in children with BD are associated with impaired attention to eyes. Future research should examine whether impaired attention to eyes is associated with neural dysfunction. Eye gaze deficits in children with BD during facial emotion labelling may also have treatment implications. Finally, children with SMD exhibited decreased attention to eyes to a lesser extent than those with BD, and these equivocal findings are worthy of further study.
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【Impaired fixation to eyes during facial emotion labelling in children with bipolar disorder or severe mood dysregulation.].
【双相情感障碍或严重情绪失调儿童的面部情感标签过程中，眼部注视功能受损。】
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DOI：10.1503/jpn.120232文章类型：杂志文章
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背景：患有双相情感障碍（BD）或重度情绪失调（SMD）的儿童在面部情绪处理过程中表现出行为和神经缺陷。在患有其他精神疾病的患者中，此类缺陷与注视面部时对眼睛区域的关注减少有关。
方法：我们检查了在小儿BD和SMD患儿以及健康对照者的面部情感标签任务中的凝视注视方式。参与者以不同的情绪（愤怒，恐惧，悲伤，幸福，中立）和情绪水平（60％，80％，100％）观察面部表情，并标记情绪表情。
结果：我们的研究包括22例BD患儿，28例SMD患儿和22例对照。在所有面部表情中，BD和SMD患儿的标签错误均比对照组多。与对照组相比，患有BD的儿童花在眼睛上的时间更少，并且在情感表达上的视线更少。 SMD儿童的注视方式倾向于介于BD儿童和对照组儿童之间，尽管在大多数方面与这两个儿童组没有显着差异。 BD患儿眼内固定次数减少与标签准确度降低相关，但SMD患儿或对照组患儿眼内注视准确性降低。
局限性：大多数患有BD的儿童都接受了药物治疗，这使我们无法评估药物对注视方式的影响。
结论：BD儿童面部表情标记不足与视力受损有关。未来的研究应检查对眼睛的注意力受损是否与神经功能障碍有关。在面部情感标签过程中，BD儿童的眼睛注视缺陷也可能对治疗产生影响。最后，与BD患儿相比，SMD患儿对眼睛的注意力下降程度较小，这些模棱两可的发现值得进一步研究。
方法：我们检查了在小儿BD和SMD患儿以及健康对照者的面部情感标签任务中的凝视注视方式。参与者以不同的情绪（愤怒，恐惧，悲伤，幸福，中立）和情绪水平（60％，80％，100％）观察面部表情，并标记情绪表情。
结果：我们的研究包括22例BD患儿，28例SMD患儿和22例对照。在所有面部表情中，BD和SMD患儿的标签错误均比对照组多。与对照组相比，患有BD的儿童花在眼睛上的时间更少，并且在情感表达上的视线更少。 SMD儿童的注视方式倾向于介于BD儿童和对照组儿童之间，尽管在大多数方面与这两个儿童组没有显着差异。 BD患儿眼内固定次数减少与标签准确度降低相关，但SMD患儿或对照组患儿眼内注视准确性降低。
局限性：大多数患有BD的儿童都接受了药物治疗，这使我们无法评估药物对注视方式的影响。
结论：BD儿童面部表情标记不足与视力受损有关。未来的研究应检查对眼睛的注意力受损是否与神经功能障碍有关。在面部情感标签过程中，BD儿童的眼睛注视缺陷也可能对治疗产生影响。最后，与BD患儿相比，SMD患儿对眼睛的注意力下降程度较小，这些模棱两可的发现值得进一步研究。
