• 【氯氮平治疗帕金森氏病左旋多巴诱发的精神病: 回顾性研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1177/089198879701000205 复制DOI
    作者列表:Widman LP,Burke WJ,Pfeiffer RF,McArthur-Campbell D
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: Levodopa-induced psychosis can complicate the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). In this retrospective, uncontrolled report, we describe our experience treating PD-related psychosis with clozapine, emphasizing those patients treated for longer than 1 year. Twenty-seven patients were treated, 14 for longer than 1 year. Most patients showed a rapid improvement from baseline within 1 month using the Clinical Global Impression and Global Psychosis Rating Scores. Five patients discontinued the drug due to side effects, but only two patients reported side effects after 6 months of treatment. Clozapine appears to be effective in treating PD related psychotic symptoms while not interfering with motor function.

    背景与目标: 左旋多巴引起的精神病会使帕金森氏病 (PD) 的治疗复杂化。在这份回顾性,不受控制的报告中,我们描述了我们用氯氮平治疗PD相关精神病的经验,强调了那些治疗时间超过1年的患者。27例患者接受了治疗,其中14例超过1年。使用临床总体印象和总体精神病评分,大多数患者在1个月内从基线显示出快速改善。五名患者因副作用而停药,但只有两名患者在治疗6个月后报告副作用。氯氮平似乎可有效治疗PD相关的精神病性症状,同时不干扰运动功能。
  • 【在其他健康的分枝杆菌疾病患者中发现新的STAT1等位基因。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1371/journal.pgen.0020131 复制DOI
    作者列表:
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) plays a key role in immunity against mycobacterial and viral infections. Here, we characterize three human STAT1 germline alleles from otherwise healthy patients with mycobacterial disease. The previously reported L706S, like the novel Q463H and E320Q alleles, are intrinsically deleterious for both interferon gamma (IFNG)-induced gamma-activating factor-mediated immunity and interferon alpha (IFNA)-induced interferon-stimulated genes factor 3-mediated immunity, as shown in STAT1-deficient cells transfected with the corresponding alleles. Their phenotypic effects are however mediated by different molecular mechanisms, L706S affecting STAT1 phosphorylation and Q463H and E320Q affecting STAT1 DNA-binding activity. Heterozygous patients display specifically impaired IFNG-induced gamma-activating factor-mediated immunity, resulting in susceptibility to mycobacteria. Indeed, IFNA-induced interferon-stimulated genes factor 3-mediated immunity is not affected, and these patients are not particularly susceptible to viral disease, unlike patients homozygous for other, equally deleterious STAT1 mutations recessive for both phenotypes. The three STAT1 alleles are therefore dominant for IFNG-mediated antimycobacterial immunity but recessive for IFNA-mediated antiviral immunity at the cellular and clinical levels. These STAT1 alleles define two forms of dominant STAT1 deficiency, depending on whether the mutations impair STAT1 phosphorylation or DNA binding.
    背景与目标: 转录因子信号转导和转录激活因子-1 (STAT1) 在抵抗分枝杆菌和病毒感染的免疫中起关键作用。在这里,我们描述了来自其他健康的分枝杆菌疾病患者的三个人类STAT1种系等位基因。先前报道的L706S,如新型Q463H和E320Q等位基因,对干扰素 γ (IFNG) 诱导的 γ 激活因子介导的免疫和干扰素 α (IFNA) 诱导的干扰素刺激基因因子3介导的免疫具有内在的有害作用,如用相应等位基因转染的STAT1-deficient细胞所示。然而,它们的表型效应是由不同的分子机制介导的,L706S影响STAT1磷酸化,Q463H和E320Q影响STAT1 DNA结合活性。杂合子患者表现出特异性受损的IFNG诱导的 γ 激活因子介导的免疫力,导致对分枝杆菌的敏感性。实际上,IFNA诱导的干扰素刺激基因因子3介导的免疫不受影响,并且这些患者对病毒性疾病并不特别敏感,这与其他纯合的患者不同,同样有害的STAT1突变对两种表型均隐性。因此,三个STAT1等位基因在IFNG介导的抗分枝杆菌免疫中占主导地位,但在细胞和临床水平上对IFNA介导的抗病毒免疫具有隐性。这些STAT1等位基因定义了两种形式的显性STAT1缺陷,具体取决于突变是否损害STAT1磷酸化或DNA结合。
  • 【疾病机制: 2型糖尿病的肝脂肪变性-发病机制和临床意义。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1038/ncpendmet0190 复制DOI
    作者列表:Roden M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Hepatic steatosis is defined by an increased content of hepatocellular lipids (HCLs) and is frequently observed in insulin-resistant states including type 2 diabetes mellitus. A dietary excess of saturated fat contributes significantly to HCL accumulation. Elevated HCL levels mainly account for hepatic insulin resistance, which is probably mediated by partitioning of free fatty acids to the liver (fat overflow) and by an imbalance of adipocytokines (decreased adiponectin and/or increased proinflammatory cytokines). Both free fatty acids and adipocytokines activate inflammatory pathways that include protein kinase C, the transcription factor nuclear factor kappaB, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 and can thereby accelerate the progression of hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy has made it possible to quantify HCL concentrations and to detect even small changes in these concentrations in clinical settings. Moderately hypocaloric, fat-reduced diets can decrease HCL levels by approximately 40-80% in parallel with loss of up to 8% of body weight. Treatment with thiazolidinediones (e.g. pioglitazone and rosiglitazone) reduces HCL levels by 30-50% by modulating insulin sensitivity and endocrine function of adipose tissue in type 2 diabetes. Metformin improves hepatic insulin action without affecting HCL levels, whereas insulin infusion for 67 h increases HCL levels by approximately 18%; furthermore, HCL levels positively correlate with the insulin dosage in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes. In conclusion, liver fat is a critical determinant of metabolic fluxes and inflammatory processes, thereby representing an important therapeutic target in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    背景与目标: : 肝脂肪变性是由肝细胞脂质 (HCLs) 含量增加定义的,在胰岛素抵抗状态 (包括2型糖尿病) 中经常观察到。饮食中过量的饱和脂肪会显着促进HCL的积累。HCL水平升高主要是导致肝胰岛素抵抗的原因,这可能是由游离脂肪酸分配到肝脏 (脂肪溢出) 和脂肪细胞因子失衡 (脂联素减少和/或促炎细胞因子增加) 介导的。游离脂肪酸和脂肪细胞因子都激活炎症途径,包括蛋白激酶C,转录因子核因子kappaB和c 6月N端激酶1,从而可以加速肝脂肪变性向非酒精性脂肪性肝炎和肝硬化的进展。质子磁共振波谱已使量化HCL浓度并在临床环境中检测到这些浓度的微小变化成为可能。中度低热量,减脂饮食可使HCL水平降低约40-80%,同时减少多达8% 的体重。噻唑烷二酮类药物 (例如吡格列酮和罗格列酮) 的治疗通过调节2型糖尿病中脂肪组织的胰岛素敏感性和内分泌功能,将HCL水平降低30-50%。二甲双胍改善肝胰岛素作用而不影响HCL水平,而胰岛素输注67小时可使HCL水平增加约18%; 此外,在胰岛素治疗的2型糖尿病中,HCL水平与胰岛素剂量呈正相关。总之,肝脏脂肪是代谢通量和炎症过程的关键决定因素,因此是胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病的重要治疗目标。
  • 【通过微孔过滤测量的外周血中性粒细胞流变学很好地反映了白塞氏病的活动。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/s0923-1811(97)00599-9 复制DOI
    作者列表:Iijima S,Otsuka F
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: Activated neutrophils take a long time to pass through a narrow lumen like a micropore, and are supposed to play a deteriorating effect on microcirculation. Although the activation of neutrophils has been demonstrated in Behçet's disease, nobody analyzes the clinical activity of the disease by means of the rheological measure of neutrophils activity. Using a micropore (pore diameter 5 microns) filtration technique, we measured the filtration time of peripheral blood neutrophils, as a rheological measure of their activity, in order to determine the clinical activity of Behçet's disease. Twenty-one patients with Behçet's disease and 14 healthy control individuals were enrolled in the study. Symptoms and signs exhibited in the patients led us to distinguish the Behçet's disease into inactive and active cases. The latter were further differentiated into cases with absent symptoms and with present symptoms. Neutrophil filtration times were 11.5 +/- 4.8 s in the active cases with present symptoms, which were significantly (P < 0.05) larger than those (7.4 +/- 1.9 s) in the active cases with absent symptoms. The latter filtration times were further significantly (P < 0.001) larger than values (3.7 +/- 1.3 s) in the inactive cases and also those (4.8 +/- 1.2 s) in control subjects. Furthermore, increases in the filtration time obtained immediately after the exposure of cells to the chemotactic peptide formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP10 nM) were significantly (P < 0.01) larger in the active cases with present symptoms than those in the active cases with absent symptoms. The latter were also larger, but not significantly, than those in the inactive cases, and were significantly (P < 0.01) larger than those in control subjects. The present results demonstrate that the micropore filtration method reflects well the rheological activity of neutrophils as well as the clinical status of Behçet's disease. This method is much better than the measurement of O2 production to differentiate between active cases with absent symptoms and inactive patients or even control individuals. Furthermore, it is more sensitive and useful than laboratory data like the CRP value or the number of peripheral blood neutrophils.

    背景与目标: 活化的中性粒细胞需要很长时间才能通过像微孔一样的狭窄管腔,并且应该对微循环起到恶化的作用。尽管在beh ç et病中已经证明了中性粒细胞的激活,但没有人通过中性粒细胞活性的流变学测量来分析该疾病的临床活性。使用微孔 (孔径5微米) 过滤技术,我们测量了外周血中性粒细胞的过滤时间,作为其活性的流变学指标,以确定白塞氏病的临床活性。21名beh ç et病患者和14名健康对照者参加了这项研究。患者表现出的症状和体征使我们将白塞氏病区分为不活跃和活跃的病例。后者进一步分为无症状和现有症状的病例。有症状的活动病例的中性粒细胞过滤时间为11.5 +/- 4.8 s,显著 (P < 0.05) 大于无症状的活动病例的中性粒细胞过滤时间 (7.4 +/- 1.9 s)。后者的过滤时间进一步显著 (P < 0.001) 大于非活性情况下的值 (3.7 +/- 1.3 s),也大于对照受试者中的值 (4.8 +/- 1.2 s)。此外,在细胞暴露于趋化肽甲酰基-甲硫酰基-亮氨酸-苯丙氨酸 (fmlp10nm) 后立即获得的过滤时间的增加在存在症状的活动病例中比在不存在症状的活动病例中显着 (P < 0.01) 大。后者也比不活跃的情况更大,但不显著,并且显著 (P < 0.01) 大于对照组。目前的结果表明,微孔过滤方法很好地反映了嗜中性粒细胞的流变活性以及白塞病的临床状况。此方法比O2产生的测量要好得多,可以区分无症状的活跃病例和不活跃的患者甚至对照组。此外,它比CRP值或外周血中性粒细胞数量等实验室数据更敏感和有用。
  • 【过敏性眼病结膜上皮结构蛋白减少。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01207.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Hughes JL,Lackie PM,Wilson SJ,Church MK,McGill JI
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: AIMS:Allergic eye disease affects up to 20% of the population with varying severity. The conjunctival epithelium plays a key role in allergic eye disease. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the conjunctival epithelium is abnormal in allergic eye disease. METHODS:Conjunctival biopsy samples were taken from patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) 'in' and 'out of season' and nonatopic control subjects. Specimens were fixed in glycol methacrylate, 2 microm serial sections cut and Image-J used to assess the sites and areas of immuno-staining. RESULTS:E-cadherin, CD44, keratins K5/6, K8, K13, K14, K18 and pan-keratin immuno-staining were all significantly lower in patients 'out of season' compared with normal controls. No structural differences in the epithelium were observed between the two groups. The epithelium of patients 'in season' was thicker and immuno-staining of the above markers similar to controls. CONCLUSIONS:The expression of a wide spectrum of epithelial cell adhesion proteins and cytoskeletal elements is downregulated in the conjunctiva of SAC patients 'out of season' compared with normal controls. We suggest that this could have an important impact on the ability of the epithelium to protect itself against allergen penetration, potentially influencing the development and course of allergic eye disease and offering a novel area for therapeutic control.
    背景与目标:
  • 【荷兰用英夫利昔单抗治疗克罗恩病指南。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Vermeire S
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: -2
    背景与目标: -2
  • 【乳糜泻患者的小麦淀粉不耐受。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/S0002-8223(97)00156-9 复制DOI
    作者列表:Chartrand LJ,Russo PA,Duhaime AG,Seidman EG
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:Evaluate in patients with celiac disease the tolerance of prolonged consumption of small amounts of gliadin contained in products containing wheat starch.

    DESIGN:Open 1-year trial of the addition of wheat starch to a gluten-free diet in a cohort of adult patients with biopsy-proven celiac disease who had never consumed wheat starch. The control group consisted of patients with celiac disease who tolerated wheat starch.

    SUBJECTS:Seventeen patients with celiac disease and 14 control patients, all diagnosed according to criteria of the European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, were recruited from the Canadian Celiac Association and the Quebec Celiac Foundation.

    SETTING:The study was conducted in the outpatient clinic of the Gastroenterology and Nutrition Service of Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

    INTERVENTIONS:Patients were asked to consume four to six portions daily of a wheat starch-containing product, mainly bread, for up to 1 year.

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The gliadin content of the wheat starch product used in this trial was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Patient outcome measures included symptoms, nutritional parameters (anthropometric data, complete blood count, serum folate and iron levels), and immunologic parameters (antigliadin antibody and antiendomysium antibody titers).

    RESULTS:A quantifiable amount of immunoreactive gliadin (0.75 mg/100 g) was found in the wheat starch. The majority of the patients with celiac disease (11 of 17) who had never consumed wheat starch previously developed symptoms, which resolved within weeks of discontinuing the product. Relapse of skin lesions was seen in two of three patients with coexisting dermatitis herpetiformis. No weight loss or biochemical changes were observed. Despite the presence of symptoms, antigliadin antibody and antiendomysium antibody determinations were not useful to detect the clinical intolerance.

    APPLICATIONS:The innocuousness of the long-term ingestion of "gluten-free" products containing wheat starch is still unproven, and prolonged use of such products by patients with celiac disease cannot be recommended.

    背景与目标: 目标 : 评估乳糜泻患者对含有小麦淀粉的产品中含有的少量麦醇溶蛋白的长期食用的耐受性。
    设计 : 在从未食用过小麦淀粉的活检证实的乳糜泻成年患者队列中,将小麦淀粉添加到无麸质饮食中进行了为期1年的开放试验。对照组由耐受小麦淀粉的乳糜泻患者组成。
    受试者 : 17例乳糜泻患者和14例对照患者,均根据欧洲儿科胃肠病与营养学会的标准进行诊断,是从加拿大乳糜泻协会和魁北克乳糜泻基金会招募的。
    设置 : 该研究是在魁北克蒙特利尔Ste Justine医院胃肠病学和营养服务门诊进行的,加拿大。
    干预措施 : 要求患者每天食用四到六份含小麦淀粉的产品,主要是面包,长达1年。
    主要结果指标 : 通过酶联免疫吸附测定法对该试验中使用的小麦淀粉产品的麦醇溶蛋白含量进行了定量。患者结局指标包括症状,营养参数 (人体测量数据,全血细胞计数,血清叶酸和铁水平) 和免疫学参数 (抗麦醇溶蛋白抗体和抗肌内膜抗体滴度)。
    结果 : 在小麦淀粉中发现可定量的免疫反应性麦醇溶蛋白 (0.75 mg/100g)。以前从未食用过小麦淀粉的大多数乳糜泻患者 (17人中有11人) 出现症状,这些症状在停用该产品后的几周内得到缓解。在三名并存的疱疹样皮炎患者中,有两名发现了皮肤病变的复发。未观察到体重减轻或生化变化。尽管存在症状,但抗麦醇溶蛋白抗体和抗肌内膜抗体的测定对检测临床不耐受没有用。
    应用 : 长期摄入含有小麦淀粉的 “无麸质” 产品的无伤害性仍未得到证实,并且不建议乳糜泻患者长期使用此类产品。
  • 【围产期B组链球菌病发病率的降低-美国,1993-1995。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Group B streptococcal (GBS) infections are the leading cause of bacterial disease and death among newborns in the United States and an important cause of morbidity among peripartum women and nonpregnant adults with chronic medical conditions. Disease in infants usually presents as sepsis, pneumonia or meningitis but also may include cellulitis or osteomyelitis. In 1990, GBS infections caused an estimated 7600 serious illnesses and 310 deaths among U.S. infants aged < or = 90 days; infections among infants aged < 7 days (i.e., early-onset disease) accounted for approximately 80% of these illnesses. To determine the incidence of GBS disease during 1993-1995, CDC conducted surveillance for this disease in an aggregate population of 12.5 million persons with 190,000 annual live-born infants. This report summarizes the findings of surveillance in this population, which indicate that a statistically significant decline in the incidence of early-onset GBS disease occurred in some surveillance areas.
    背景与目标: : B组链球菌 (GBS) 感染是美国新生儿细菌性疾病和死亡的主要原因,也是围产期妇女和患有慢性疾病的未怀孕成年人发病的重要原因。婴儿的疾病通常表现为败血症,肺炎或脑膜炎,但也可能包括蜂窝织炎或骨髓炎。1990年,GBS感染在 <或 = 90天的美国婴儿中导致估计7600种严重疾病和310例死亡; <7天的婴儿 (即早发疾病) 感染约占这些疾病的80%。为了确定1993-1995年期间GBS疾病的发生率,CDC对1250万名每年有190,000名活产婴儿的人群进行了该疾病的监测。该报告总结了该人群的监测结果,这表明在某些监测地区,早发性GBS疾病的发病率在统计学上显着下降。
  • 【胎儿小脑发育的磁共振成像。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1080/14734220600589210 复制DOI
    作者列表:Triulzi F,Parazzini C,Righini A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In the last few years fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been proposed as a second level technique in the evaluation of fetal brain anomalies. It has been demonstrated that MRI is highly accurate in illustrating the morphologic changes of developing brain and fetal brain abnormalities being a useful procedure when ultrasonography is inconclusive or doubtful. Starting from the 19-20 weeks gestational age (GA), MRI can reliably depict fetal brain anatomy and locating pathology, offering a robust and reliable tool in the assessment of fetal CNS diseases. In this review both in vivo MRI quantitative and qualitative data about fetal cerebellar development are presented and compared with ultrasonography data. Fetal cerebellar development is gradual, steady, and largely comparable to the development of the supratentorial brain. Archicerebellar (flocculo-nodular lobe) and paleocerebellar (vermis) structures develop first, whereas neocerebellum (cerebellar hemispheres) develop slowly and largely after birth.
    背景与目标: : 在过去的几年中,胎儿磁共振成像 (MRI) 已被提议作为评估胎儿大脑异常的第二级技术。已经证明,当超声检查不确定或可疑时,MRI在说明发育中的大脑和胎儿大脑异常的形态变化方面非常准确,这是一种有用的方法。从19-20周的胎龄 (GA) 开始,MRI可以可靠地描述胎儿的大脑解剖结构和定位病理,为评估胎儿中枢神经系统疾病提供了可靠可靠的工具。在这篇综述中,介绍了有关胎儿小脑发育的体内MRI定量和定性数据,并将其与超声检查数据进行了比较。胎儿小脑的发育是渐进的,稳定的,并且在很大程度上与幕上大脑的发育相当。小脑 (小脑结节叶) 和古小脑 (ver) 结构首先发育,而新脑 (小脑半球) 在出生后缓慢且大部分发育。
  • 【影响牙龈和口腔粘膜表面的Darier病。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.tripleo.2005.10.040 复制DOI
    作者列表:Frezzini C,Cedro M,Leao JC,Porter S
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Darier disease is an uncommon genodermatosis reflecting defective desmosomal structure and function. The present report details the oral features of a patient with well-characterized Darier disease and reviews current knowledge of the genetic basis of this genodermatosis that can often affect the craniofacial tissues.
    背景与目标: : Darier病是一种罕见的遗传皮肤病,反映了桥粒体结构和功能缺陷。本报告详细介绍了患有特征性Darier疾病的患者的口腔特征,并回顾了有关这种通常会影响颅面组织的遗传皮肤病的遗传基础的最新知识。
  • 【用黄色荧光蛋白变体YFP-H148Q/I152L对碘化钠同向转运体活性的细胞成像。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1152/ajpcell.00291.2006 复制DOI
    作者列表:Rhoden KJ,Cianchetta S,Stivani V,Portulano C,Galietta LJ,Romeo G
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The sodium iodide symporter (NIS) mediates iodide (I(-)) transport in the thyroid gland and other tissues and is of increasing importance as a therapeutic target and nuclear imaging reporter. NIS activity in vitro is currently measured with radiotracers and electrophysiological techniques. We report on the development of a novel live cell imaging assay of NIS activity using the I(-)-sensitive and genetically encodable yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) variant YFP-H148Q/I152L. In FRTL-5 thyrocytes stably expressing YFP-H148Q/I152L, I(-) induced a rapid and reversible decrease in cellular fluorescence characterized by 1) high affinity for extracellular I(-) (35 muM), 2) inhibition by the NIS inhibitor perchlorate, 3) extracellular Na(+) dependence, and 4) TSH dependence, suggesting that fluorescence changes are due to I(-) influx via NIS. Individual cells within a population of FRTL-5 cells exhibited a 3.5-fold variation in the rate of NIS-mediated I(-) influx, illustrating the utility of YFP-H148Q/I152L to detect cell-to-cell difference in NIS activity. I(-) also caused a perchlorate-sensitive decrease in YFP-H148Q/I152L fluorescence in COS-7 cells expressing NIS but not in cells lacking NIS. These results demonstrate that YFP-H148Q/I152L is a sensitive biosensor of NIS-mediated I(-) uptake in thyroid cells and in nonthyroidal cells following gene transfer and suggest that fluorescence detection of cellular I(-) may be a useful tool by which to study the pathophysiology and pharmacology of NIS.
    背景与目标: : 碘化钠同向转运体 (NIS) 介导碘 (I(-)) 在甲状腺和其他组织中的转运,作为治疗靶标和核成像报告基因的重要性日益提高。目前使用放射性示踪剂和电生理技术测量体外的NIS活性。我们报告了使用I(-) 敏感且可遗传编码的黄色荧光蛋白 (YFP) 变体YFP-H148Q/I152L对NIS活性进行新型活细胞成像测定的开发。在稳定表达YFP-H148Q/I152L的FRTL-5甲状腺细胞中,I(-) 诱导细胞荧光的快速和可逆降低,其特征是1) 对细胞外I(-) (35 muM) 的高亲和力,2) NIS抑制剂高氯酸盐的抑制,3) 细胞外Na(+) 依赖性,和4) TSH依赖性,表明荧光变化是由于I(-) 通过NIS流入所致。FRTL-5细胞群内的单个细胞表现出NIS介导的I(-) 流入速率的3.5倍变化,说明YFP-H148Q/I152L用于检测NIS活性的细胞间差异。I(-) 还导致表达NIS的COS-7细胞中YFP-H148Q/I152L荧光的高氯酸盐敏感降低,但在缺乏NIS的细胞中不引起。这些结果表明,YFP-H148Q/I152L是基因转移后甲状腺细胞和非甲状腺细胞中NIS介导的I(-) 摄取的敏感生物传感器,并表明细胞I(-) 的荧光检测可能是研究的有用工具。NIS的病理生理学和药理学。
  • 【氟化分子作为中枢神经系统中的药物和显像剂。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.2174/156802606777951046 复制DOI
    作者列表:Sun S,Adejare A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The strategic use of fluorine substitution in drug discovery and drug development is well documented. The small size and high electronegativity of fluorine are among properties of this element that lend special advantages. Applications in drugs targeted to the central nervous system (CNS) have been particularly fruitful in addition to favorable properties seen in many peripherally acting drugs. Fluorine substitution can be used to solve problems unique to the CNS, such as blood brain barrier (BBB) penetration. Likewise, use of the positron emitting isotope, (18)F, provides a unique tool for non-invasive imaging and diagnoses in the CNS. In this review, fluorine in CNS drugs and drug discovery are discussed.
    背景与目标: : 氟替代在药物发现和药物开发中的战略用途已得到充分证明。氟的小尺寸和高电负性是该元素的特殊优点之一。除了在许多外周作用药物中看到的有利特性外,针对中枢神经系统 (CNS) 的药物中的应用特别富有成效。氟替代可用于解决CNS特有的问题,例如血脑屏障 (BBB) 渗透。同样,使用正电子发射同位素 (18)F为CNS中的非侵入性成像和诊断提供了独特的工具。本文对中枢神经系统药物中的氟和药物发现进行了讨论。
  • 【螺旋ct血管造影对腹主动脉瘤的术前影像学评估。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/s0009-9260(97)80132-8 复制DOI
    作者列表:Errington ML,Ferguson JM,Gillespie IN,Connell HM,Ruckley CV,Wright AR
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:A prospective evaluation of spiral CT angiography (SCTA) as the sole pre-operative imaging modality for abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS:Spiral CT angiography was compared with conventional transfemoral angiography in 30 patients and results correlated with surgical findings in 22 patients. The following features were assessed: renal artery number and disease; upper and lower aneurysm extent; aneurysm size; perianeurysmal inflammation; iliac artery disease; radiation dose; and contrast usage.

    RESULTS:Spiral CT angiography agreed with conventional angiography in all cases of severe stenosis or occlusion of renal arteries and had 90% agreement overall for renal artery disease. Two of nine accessory renal arteries seen at conventional angiography were missed. For showing aneurysm extent SCTA was 100% sensitive, and performed better than conventional angiography. Aneurysm size was better shown with SCTA. In iliac disease SCTA, as performed in this study, was poor for mild-moderate disease, but detected four of six severely stenosed/occluded iliac arteries seen at conventional angiography. Prospective sensitivity for perianeurysmal inflammation was 33%. Radiation dose for SCTA was approximately twice and contrast dose approximately three times that for conventional angiography.

    CONCLUSION:Spiral CT angiography can provide all the necessary imaging information to plan aneurysm repair in the non-claudicant.

    背景与目标: 目的 : 对螺旋ct血管造影 (SCTA) 作为腹主动脉瘤修复的唯一术前成像方式的前瞻性评估。
    材料和方法 : 将30例患者的螺旋ct血管造影与常规经股动脉造影进行了比较,结果与22例患者的手术结果相关。评估了以下特征: 肾动脉数量和疾病; 上,下动脉瘤范围; 动脉瘤大小; 动脉瘤周围炎症; 髂动脉疾病; 辐射剂量; 和造影剂使用。
    结果 : 在所有严重肾动脉狭窄或闭塞的病例中,螺旋ct血管造影与常规血管造影一致,并且在肾动脉疾病方面总体上90% 一致。在常规血管造影中观察到的9条副肾动脉中有2条被遗漏。对于显示动脉瘤范围,SCTA 100% 敏感,并且比常规血管造影更好。SCTA能更好地显示动脉瘤大小。在本研究中进行的SCTA在轻度-中度疾病中较差,但在常规血管造影术中发现了六个严重狭窄/闭塞的动脉中的四个。33% 了对动脉瘤周围炎症的前瞻性敏感性。SCTA的辐射剂量约为常规血管造影的两倍,造影剂剂量约为常规血管造影的三倍。
    结论 : 螺旋ct血管造影可以提供所有必要的成像信息,以计划非幽闭者的动脉瘤修复。
  • 【神经放射学亚专业专家对脑ct成像研究的重新解释的质量结果。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Jordan MJ,Lightfoote JB,Jordan JE
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:To determine the clinical importance and relative value of reinterpreting brain CT imaging studies by subspecialty experts regarding changes in clinical management. METHODS:Computerized records were queried at two institutions during the years 2002-2003 for both primary interpretation by board-certified nonneuroradiologists and secondary interpretation by three neuroradiologists. A total of 1,081 cases were reviewed. Each case was initially interpreted as an emergent or urgent study. The reinterpreted studies were scored as concordant or discordant by the subspecialty experts. The discordant studies were then categorized as a "major discordance" if there was a change in clinical management, or as a "minor discordance" if there was no impact or change in clinical management. RESULTS:Of the 1,081 studies reviewed, 14 studies were identified as discordant (1.3%). Of those discordant studies, four were categorized as major discrepancies necessitating a change in clinical management (0.4 %). Ten were categorized as minor discrepancies (0.9%). There were no permanent adverse outcomes with respect to morbidity and mortality as a result of any discrepancy. CONCLUSION:The vast majority of interpreted head CT cases read by board-certified general radiologists do not result in discordant interpretations as verified by subspecialty experts. Discordant interpretations did not result in changes in clinical management in most cases. Double reading of head CTs by subspecialty experts appears to be an inefficient method of substantially improving imaging health quality outcomes.
    背景与目标:
  • 【儿童实体器官移植后的脊柱: 40例患者的临床,影像学和磁共振成像分析。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1097/01.brs.0000231717.63974.f3 复制DOI
    作者列表:Helenius I,Remes V,Tervahartiala P,Salminen S,Sairanen H,Holmberg C,Palmu P,Helenius M,Peltonen J,Jalanko H
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: STUDY DESIGN:A cross-sectional study of the spine in 40 young adults after solid organ transplantation in childhood. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the impact of organ transplantation and long-term immunosuppressive treatment on growing spine using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA:A review of the current literature reveals no systematic evaluation of the spine after transplantation in childhood. METHODS:A total of 40 adult patients (mean age 22.1 years, range, 16.0-27.0), who received either kidney, liver, or heart transplant as children, were evaluated. Mean follow-up after transplantation was 11.2 years (range 3.0-18.0). All patients filled in a questionnaire, underwent an interview and physical examination, as well as had MRI of the spine. Standing spinal radiographs were taken from patients with a rib hump > or = 6 degrees. RESULTS:There were 8 (20%) patients who had a history of vertebral fracture. Eleven (28%) patients reported frequent back pain at rest. There were 15 (38%) patients who had scoliosis > 10 degrees (range 10 degrees -69 degrees ). On MRI, narrowed disc spaces were noted in 32 (80%) patients, and irregular endplates were noted in 24 (60%). There were 14 (35%) patients who had at least 1 compressed or wedged vertebra (> 20%). Patients treated for acute rejection had wedged vertebrae, speckled or black disc spaces, and irregular endplates more often than patients without rejections. Males had wedged vertebrae more often than females (P = 0.0067). CONCLUSIONS:Back pain, scoliosis, wedged vertebrae, and narrowed, degenerated disc spaces are common after solid organ transplantation in childhood.
    背景与目标:

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