BACKGROUND:The validity of using the Remote Food Photography Method (RFPM) for measuring food intake of minority preschool children's intake is not well documented. OBJECTIVE:Our aim was to determine the validity of intake estimations made by human raters using the RFPM compared with those obtained by weighing all foods and beverages consumed by 3- to 5-year-old children (weighed method). DESIGN:We conducted a cross-sectional observational study. PARTICIPANTS/SETTINGS:A convenience sample of 54 3- to 5-year-old Hispanic and African-American children were observed during a 12-hour period at Baylor Metabolic Research Unit between June 2013 and January 2014. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:All foods/beverages consumed by the children were provided by Baylor research coordinators who took and wirelessly transmitted before-and-after pictures of the trays to trained human raters at the Pennington Biomedical Research Center who estimated grams consumed. Energy and macronutrients were calculated using the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies or food facts data provided by manufacturers. STATISTICAL ANALYSES:Paired t test, mean differences, and Bland-Altman limits of agreement were performed. RESULTS:Compared to the weighed method, the rater method significantly overestimated total intake by 34±71 g (P<0.0001), with a mean percent error of 2.9% (root mean square error=7.1%), and total energy intake by 75±102 kcal (P<0.0001), with a mean percent error of 7.5% (root mean square error=12.3%). The standard error for the macronutrient intakes ranged from 11.0% to 20.2%. The Bland-Altman approach demonstrated a positive slope for the rater method relative to the weighed method for total intake in grams (P=0.006), carbohydrate (P=0.01), and protein (P=0.01) (ie, magnitude of the bias increased with increasing intakes). CONCLUSIONS:The rater method overestimated total intake in grams and energy in kilocalories in minority preschool children in a well-controlled condition and needs to be further tested in a free-living environment.

译文

背景:使用远程食物摄影法(RFPM)来测量少数学龄前儿童的食物摄入量的有效性尚未得到充分证明。
目的:我们的目的是确定与使用3至5岁儿童对所有食品和饮料进行称重(称重法)得出的结果相比,使用RFPM进行的人类评估者对摄入量所作估计的有效性。
设计:我们进行了横断面观察研究。
参与者/地点:2013年6月至2014年1月期间,在12个小时的时间里,在贝勒代谢研究室观察了54名3至5岁的西班牙裔和非裔美国人儿童的便利样本。
主要观察指标:儿童食用的所有食物/饮料均由贝勒研究协调员提供,他们将托盘的照片前后无线传输至Pennington生物医学研究中心的受过训练的人类评估者,他们估计食用的克数。使用饮食研究的食物和营养数据库或制造商提供的食物事实数据计算能量和大量营养素。
统计分析:进行配对t检验,均数差和Bland-Altman一致性极限。
结果:与称量方法相比,评估者方法显着高估了总摄入量34±71 g(P <0.0001),平均百分比误差为2.9%(均方根误差= 7.1%),总能量摄入为75 ±102 kcal(P <0.0001),平均误差为7.5%(均方根误差为12.3%)。大量营养素摄入的标准误为11.0%至20.2%。 Bland-Altman方法显示评估者方法相对于总摄入量(克)(P = 0.006),碳水化合物(P = 0.01)和蛋白质(P = 0.01)(即偏差的大小)的加权方法具有正斜率随着摄入量的增加而增加)。
结论:评估者方法高估了少数学龄前儿童在良好控制条件下的总摄入量(以克为单位)和以卡路里为单位的能量(以卡路里为单位),需要在自由生活的环境中进行进一步的测试。

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