• 【测量酒精依赖治疗的结果。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2850.1997.tb00172.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Booth PG,Murphy D
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: The selective promotion of clinical services which have proven effectiveness is a movement that is gaining momentum within healthcare. Outcome evaluation in treatment services for alcohol dependency is given as an example of the methodological issues associated with the establishment of clinical efficacy. It is argued that the adoption of clear protocols for assessment, treatment and outcome are a prerequisite of the process. There are costs associated with in-house follow-up studies but the benefits of feedback are evident for patients and for staff providing their care. Although exposing service providers (and commissioners) to the possibility of negative feedback, outcome evaluation in the treatment of alcohol dependency should be an integral part of provision. The principle of systematic assessment of efficacy applies to healthcare provision generally and should include management, teaching, purchasing and policymaking.

    背景与目标: 有选择地推广已证明有效的临床服务是一项在医疗保健领域获得动力的运动。以酒精依赖治疗服务中的结果评估为例,介绍了与建立临床疗效相关的方法学问题。有人认为,采用明确的评估,治疗和结果协议是该过程的先决条件。内部随访研究有相关的成本,但反馈的好处对患者和提供护理的员工是显而易见的。尽管使服务提供者 (和专员) 面临负面反馈的可能性,但酒精依赖治疗中的结果评估应成为提供的组成部分。功效的系统评估原则通常适用于医疗保健,应包括管理,教学,购买和决策。
  • 2 Health, Society and Alcohol. 复制标题 收藏 收藏

    【健康、社会和酒精。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1997.tb03389.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Anderson P
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: The European Conference, Health, Society and Alcohol held in Paris, 12-14 December 1995, was a meeting point between science and policy. Science informed the policy process. As a tool for policy implementation, the Conference adopted the European Charter on Alcohol, a set of ethical principles and strategies for action. Of a number of important issues that frame policy, three deserve mention. First, market forces, as opposed to health and social policy decisions are increasingly influencing the policy debate. Second, existing policy options to reduce alcohol-related harm are unlikely to lead to an increased risk of coronary heart disease among older age groups. And third, policy developments and changes in drinking patterns in countries of southern Europe are an important driving force in European policy on alcohol.

    背景与目标: 1995年12月14日12日在巴黎举行的欧洲会议,健康,社会和酒精是科学与政策之间的交汇点。科学为政策进程提供了信息。作为执行政策的工具,会议通过了《欧洲酒精宪章》,这是一套道德原则和行动战略。在构成政策框架的许多重要问题中,值得一提的是三个。首先,与健康和社会政策决策相反的市场力量正在日益影响政策辩论。其次,减少与酒精有关的危害的现有政策选择不太可能导致老年群体患冠心病的风险增加。第三,南欧国家的政策发展和饮酒方式的变化是欧洲酒精政策的重要推动力。
  • 【重大公共假期,体育和社交活动中的酒精中毒: 2000-2009年澳大利亚墨尔本的时间序列分析。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/add.12041 复制DOI
    作者列表:Lloyd B,Matthews S,Livingston M,Jayasekara H,Smith K
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: AIMS:To assess the relationship between ambulance attendances, emergency department (ED) presentations and hospital admissions for acute alcohol intoxication and the timing of public holidays, sporting and social events. DESIGN:Time-series analysis was used to explore trends in intoxication in the context of major events. SETTING:Population of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia between 2000 and 2009. PARTICIPANTS:All patients attended by ambulance, presenting to hospital EDs, or admitted to hospital who were classified as acutely alcohol intoxicated. MEASUREMENT:Analysis of daily numbers of presentations for acute alcohol intoxication associated with major events were undertaken, including lead and lag effects. Analyses controlled for day of week and month of year to address temporal and seasonal variations. FINDINGS:Alcohol intoxication presentations were significantly elevated the day before all public holidays, with intoxication cases on the day of public holidays only higher on New Year's Day (ambulance 6.57, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 3.4-9.74; ED 3.34, 95% CI: 1.28-5.4) and ANZAC Day (ambulance 3.71, 95% CI: 0.68-6.75). The Australian Football League (AFL) Grand Final (ED 2.37, 95% CI: 0.55-4.19), Commonwealth Games (ED 2.45, 95% CI: 0.6-4.3) and Melbourne Cup Day (ambulance 6.14, 95% CI: 2.42-9.85) represented the sporting events with significant elevations in acute intoxication requiring medical attention. The last working day before Christmas was the only social event where a significant increase in acute intoxication occurred (ambulance 8.98, 95% CI: 6.8-11.15). CONCLUSIONS:Acute alcohol intoxication cases requiring ambulance, emergency department and hospital in-patient treatment increase substantially on the day preceding public holidays and other major social events.
    背景与目标:
  • 【咖啡因对正常血压健康年轻人运动过程中血压反应的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/0002-9149(90)91435-9 复制DOI
    作者列表:Sung BH,Lovallo WR,Pincomb GA,Wilson MF
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The possible combined effects of caffeine and exercise on blood pressure (BP) regulation were examined in 34 healthy, normotensive (BP less than 135/85 mm Hg) young men (mean age 27 +/- 3 years) in a placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover design. Each subject performed submaximal and symptom-limited maximal supine bicycle exercise 1 hour apart after ingestion of placebo or caffeine (3.3 mg/kg). Heart rate, BP, cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance were compared for placebo and caffeine days. Postdrug baseline showed that caffeine increased systolic and diastolic BP and peripheral vascular resistance (p less than 0.001 for each) and decreased heart rate (p less than 0.01) but did not change stroke volume or cardiac output. BP and vascular resistance effects of caffeine remained during submaximal exercise resulting in an additive increase in BP while negative chronotropic effects of caffeine disappeared. At maximal exercise substantially more subjects (15 on caffeine vs 7 on placebo, p less than 0.02) had systolic BP greater than or equal to 230 mm Hg and/or greater than or equal to 100 mm Hg for diastolic BP. Plasma norepinephrine levels were not significantly different across days, but epinephrine was higher at maximal exercise and cortisol was increased post-drug and throughout maximal exercise on caffeine days. Data indicate that caffeine increases BP additively during submaximal exercise and may cause excessive BP responses at maximal exercise for some individuals. The pressor effects of caffeine appear to be due to increasing vascular resistance rather than cardiac output.
    背景与目标: : 在安慰剂对照中,在34名健康,血压正常 (血压低于135/85mm Hg) 的年轻男性 (平均年龄27/- 3岁) 中检查了咖啡因和运动对血压 (BP) 调节的可能综合作用,双盲交叉设计。每个受试者在摄入安慰剂或咖啡因 (3.3 mg/kg) 后1小时间隔进行次最大和症状受限的最大仰卧自行车运动。比较安慰剂和咖啡因天数的心率,血压,心输出量和外周血管阻力。药物后基线显示,咖啡因增加收缩压和舒张压以及周围血管阻力 (每个p小于0.001) 和降低心率 (p小于0.01),但不改变中风量或心输出量。在次最大运动期间,咖啡因的BP和血管阻力效应仍然存在,导致BP的累加性增加,而咖啡因的负变时性效应消失了。在最大运动时,明显更多的受试者 (咖啡因组15例,安慰剂组7例,p小于0.02) 的收缩压大于或等于230毫米Hg和/或舒张压大于或等于100毫米Hg。血浆去甲肾上腺素水平在不同的日子没有显着差异,但肾上腺素在最大运动时较高,皮质醇在服药后和咖啡因的整个最大运动中增加。数据表明,咖啡因在次最大运动期间会增加BP,并可能导致某些人在最大运动时产生过多的BP反应。咖啡因的升压作用似乎是由于血管阻力增加而不是心输出量增加所致。
  • 【肥胖男性的大剂量白藜芦醇补充剂: 一项由研究者发起的,随机,安慰剂对照的底物代谢,胰岛素敏感性和身体成分的临床试验。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.2337/db12-0975 复制DOI
    作者列表:Poulsen MM,Vestergaard PF,Clasen BF,Radko Y,Christensen LP,Stødkilde-Jørgensen H,Møller N,Jessen N,Pedersen SB,Jørgensen JO
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia constitute risk factors for morbidity and premature mortality. Based on animal and in vitro studies, resveratrol reverts these risk factors via stimulation of silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1), but data in human subjects are scarce. The objective of this study was to examine the metabolic effects of high-dose resveratrol in obese human subjects. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, and parallel-group design, 24 obese but otherwise healthy men were randomly assigned to 4 weeks of resveratrol or placebo treatment. Extensive metabolic examinations including assessment of glucose turnover and insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp) were performed before and after the treatment. Insulin sensitivity, the primary outcome measure, deteriorated insignificantly in both groups. Endogenous glucose production and the turnover and oxidation rates of glucose remained unchanged. Resveratrol supplementation also had no effect on blood pressure; resting energy expenditure; oxidation rates of lipid; ectopic or visceral fat content; or inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers. The lack of effect disagrees with persuasive data obtained from rodent models and raises doubt about the justification of resveratrol as a human nutritional supplement in metabolic disorders.
    背景与目标: : 肥胖、糖尿病、高血压和高脂血症是发病和过早死亡的危险因素。基于动物和体外研究,白藜芦醇通过刺激沉默交配型信息调节2同源物1 (SIRT1) 来恢复这些危险因素,但人类受试者的数据很少。这项研究的目的是检查高剂量白藜芦醇在肥胖人类受试者中的代谢作用。在随机,安慰剂对照,双盲和平行组设计中,将24名肥胖但健康的男性随机分配到4周的白藜芦醇或安慰剂治疗中。在治疗前后进行了广泛的代谢检查,包括评估葡萄糖周转和胰岛素敏感性 (高胰岛素性正常血糖钳夹)。主要结局指标胰岛素敏感性在两组中均无明显恶化。内源性葡萄糖的产生以及葡萄糖的周转率和氧化速率保持不变。补充白藜芦醇对血压也没有影响; 静息能量消耗; 脂质的氧化率; 异位或内脏脂肪含量; 或炎症和代谢生物标志物。缺乏效果与从啮齿动物模型获得的有说服力的数据不一致,并且引起了人们对白藜芦醇作为代谢紊乱人体营养补充剂的合理性的怀疑。
  • 【安大略省1968 1991年的酒精消费、匿名酗酒者会员资格和凶杀死亡率。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00216.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Mann RE,Zalcman RF,Smart RG,Rush BR,Suurvali H
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Research has shown a strong link between alcohol use and a variety of problems, including violence. Parker and colleagues have presented a selective disinhibition theory for the link between alcohol use and homicide (and other violence) that posits a causal relationship that is also influenced by other situational and contextual factors. This model is particularly well suited for aggregate-level investigations. In this study, we examine the impact of alcohol factors, including consumption measures and Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) membership rates, on homicide mortality rates in Ontario, and test predictions derived from the selective disinhibition model. METHODS:Time series analyses with ARIMA modeling were applied to total, male, and female homicide rates in Ontario between 1968 and 1991. The analyses performed included total alcohol consumption, spirits consumption, beer consumption, and wine consumption. Missing AA membership data were interpolated with cubic splines. RESULTS:For the total population and males, homicide rates were significantly and positively related to total alcohol consumption and to the consumption of beer and spirits. They were also negatively related to AA membership rates in the analyses involving spirits and wine and positively related to unemployment rates in the analyses involving beer, wine, and total alcohol. Among females, none of the measures were significant predictors of homicide mortality rates. CONCLUSIONS:These data provide important support for the selective disinhibition model and confirm important relationships between per capita consumption measures and homicide mortality rates, especially among males, seen in other studies. Additionally, the results for AA membership rates are consistent with the hypothesis that AA membership and treatment for misuse of alcohol can exert beneficial effects observable at the population level.
    背景与目标:
  • 7 Alcohol and suicidal behavior in adolescents. 复制标题 收藏 收藏

    【青少年的酒精和自杀行为。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Sher L,Sperling D,Zalsman G,Vardi G,Merrick J
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :This review describes epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, treatment and prevention of suicidal behavior in adolescents. As one of the leading causes of death of young adults, adolescent suicide has become a public health problem and an increase in the adolescent suicide rate has been observed over the past several decades. One important risk factor thought to contribute to the recent rise in suicidal behavior among young adults is increasing alcohol abuse among adolescents. The link between alcohol and suicide in adolescents is complicated and multiple risk factors are important in explaining and understanding suicidal behavior among adolescents. Comorbid psychopathology, which is common among adolescent alcohol abusers, substantially increases the risk for suicide behavior. Availability of alcohol and guns at home may also contribute to suicide risk in adolescents. Studies of stress hormones, brain neurotransmitters, hereditary factors, behavioral measures and gender differences shed light in understanding this complex phenomenon. Ideally, treatment of adolescents who receive a diagnosis of an alcohol use disorder and co-occurring suicidality should follow an integrated protocol that addresses both conditions. Future studies of psychological and neurobiological mechanisms of suicidality in adolescents with alcohol and/or substance abuse are merited.
    背景与目标: : 这篇综述描述了青少年自杀行为流行病学,病理生理学,危险因素,治疗和预防。作为年轻人死亡的主要原因之一,青少年自杀已成为公共卫生问题,并且在过去几十年中观察到青少年自杀率上升。被认为是导致年轻人自杀行为最近上升的一个重要危险因素是青少年酗酒增加。青少年酒精与自杀之间的联系很复杂,多种危险因素对于解释和理解青少年的自杀行为很重要。在青少年酗酒者中常见的合并症精神病理学大大增加了自杀行为的风险。家里有酒精和枪支也可能导致青少年自杀风险。对应激激素,脑神经递质,遗传因素,行为措施和性别差异的研究为理解这一复杂现象提供了启示。理想情况下,接受酒精使用障碍和同时发生自杀的诊断的青少年的治疗应遵循解决这两种情况的综合方案。值得对酗酒和/或滥用药物的青少年自杀的心理和神经生物学机制进行进一步研究。
  • 【酒精和饮食叶酸摄入量与乳腺癌风险: 日本的病例对照研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1097/CEJ.0b013e32835b6a60 复制DOI
    作者列表:Islam T,Ito H,Sueta A,Hosono S,Hirose K,Watanabe M,Iwata H,Tajima K,Tanaka H,Matsuo K
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Owing to its interaction with alcohol, folate has been suggested to be a potential factor for many types of cancer. The impact of these factors on the risk of breast cancer among Asian populations has not been fully examined, however, particularly with respect to receptor status. We carried out a case-control study in premenopausal and postmenopausal Japanese women, including 1754 breast cancer patients and 3508 noncancer controls. We determined the association between self-reported alcohol drinking, dietary folate intake, and the risk of breast cancer. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic models adjusted for potential confounders. Alcohol consumption was associated with the risk of breast cancer, with the OR for a drinker consuming 23 g or more per day relative to a nondrinker of 1.39 (95% CI: 1.07-1.80). A significant inverse association was observed between folate intake and overall risk of breast cancer, with an OR of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.68-0.93; Ptrend=0.004) for the highest tertile relative to the lowest. The OR of a drinker consuming 23 g or more per day relative to a nondrinker with a low folate intake was 1.58 (95% CI: 1.06-2.33). However, a significantly increased risk was not observed in tertile 2 and tertile 3 folate in taker with any amount of alcohol consumption. Higher folate intake decreases the risk of breast cancer among Japanese, whereas alcohol intake increases the risk. These two factors interact with each other, and the excess risk of breast cancer with alcohol consumption might be attenuated by increasing the intake of folate. In addition, the effects of folate/alcohol may vary according to the tumor subtype.
    背景与目标: : 由于叶酸与酒精的相互作用,叶酸被认为是许多类型癌症的潜在因素。然而,这些因素对亚洲人群乳腺癌风险的影响尚未得到充分研究,特别是在受体状态方面。我们对绝经前和绝经后的日本女性进行了病例对照研究,包括1754例乳腺癌患者和3508例非癌症对照。我们确定了自我报告的饮酒,饮食中叶酸摄入量与乳腺癌风险之间的关联。使用校正了潜在混杂因素的逻辑模型来估计具有95% 置信区间 (CIs) 的优势比 (or)。饮酒与患乳腺癌的风险相关,饮酒者的OR每天消耗23g或更多,相对于不饮酒的1.39 (95% CI: 1.07-1.80)。观察到叶酸摄入量与乳腺癌的总体风险之间存在显着的负相关,相对于最低的,最高的三分位数的OR为0.79 (95% CI: 0.68-0.93; Ptrend = 0.004)。1.58了相对于叶酸摄入量低的非饮酒者每天摄入23 g或更多的饮酒者的OR (95% CI: 1.06-2.33)。然而,在摄入任何量的酒精的情况下,在摄入的2号和3号叶酸中没有观察到明显增加的风险。较高的叶酸摄入量降低了日本人患乳腺癌的风险,而饮酒则增加了患乳腺癌的风险。这两个因素相互作用,饮酒可能会通过增加叶酸的摄入量来降低乳腺癌的超额风险。此外,叶酸/酒精的作用可能因肿瘤亚型而异。
  • 【改进的血浆8-异前列腺素测量方法以及与习惯性饮酒和吸烟的关联分析。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.3748/wjg.v12.i36.5846 复制DOI
    作者列表:Kitano S,Hisatomi H,Hibi N,Kawano K,Harada S
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: AIM:To develop a simple and accurate method for quantifying 8-isoprostane in plasma by employing a combination of two-step solid-phase extraction of samples and a commercially available ELISA kit, and by this method to examine the effects of drinking and smoking habits against the levels of plasma 8-isoprostane in healthy Japanese volunteers. METHODS:Plasma 8-isoprostane was extracted with ODS gel suspension followed by NH(2) Sep-Pak column. The 8-isoprostane fractions were assayed using a commercially available ELISA kit. We measured plasma 8-isoprostane levels in 157 healthy Japanese volunteers divided into three groups (64 non-habitual drinkers, 56 moderate drinkers and 37 habitual drinkers) according to their alcohol consumption per week. Genotypes of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) were also determined to investigate the plasma 8-isoprostane levels with reference to drinking habits. In addition, the plasma 8-isoprostane levels of 96 non-smokers and 61 smokers from the same subjects were compared. RESULTS:Our method fulfilled all the requirements for use in routine clinical assays with respect to sensitivity, intra- and inter-assay reproducibility, accuracy and dynamic assay range. Significant increases of plasma 8-isoprostane levels were observed in female habitual drinkers when compared with those of non-habitual drinkers (t = 5.494, P<0.0001) as well as moderate drinkers (t = 3.542, P<0.005), and 8-isoprostane levels were also significantly different between ALDH2*2/1 and ALDH2*1/1 in the female habitual drinkers (t = 6.930, P<0.0001), suggesting that excessive drinking of alcohol may increase oxidization stress, especially in females. On the contrary, no significant difference of the plasma 8-isoprostane levels was observed between non-smokers and smokers. CONCLUSION:Our present method was proved to be a simple and accurate tool for measuring plasma 8-isoprostane. However, the clinical utility of plasma 8-isoprostane for drinking and smoking habits was limited since elevated 8-isoprostane levels were observed in female heavy drinkers, and no association was found between smokers and nonsmokers.
    背景与目标:
  • 【身体吸引力对获得酒精的影响: 当社会政策符合社会决策时。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:McCall M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: Despite numerous legal interventions, minors continue to purchase and consume alcohol. Prior research had suggested that the decision to request identification to prove legal age was susceptible to various judgement and decision heuristics. This research examined whether the physical attractiveness of the potential consumer and the presence or absence of others were significant predictors of alcohol accessibility. Bartenders (n = 130) rated a target individual who was either high or low in attractiveness. Results indicated that attractiveness was a significant predictor of "proofing likelihood". High levels of attractiveness were associated with a decrease in the likelihood of being asked to provide proof of legal age for the purchase of alcohol. Individuals presented alone were seen as significantly older than when grouped with others. Implications of these findings for the restriction of alcohol availability among minors are considered.

    背景与目标: 尽管有许多法律干预,未成年人仍继续购买和消费酒精。先前的研究表明,要求证明合法年龄的决定容易受到各种判断和决策启发式的影响。这项研究检查了潜在消费者的身体吸引力以及其他人的存在与否是否是酒精可及性的重要预测因素。调酒师 (n = 130) 对吸引力高或低的目标个体进行了评分。结果表明,吸引力是 “打样可能性” 的重要预测指标。高吸引力与被要求提供购买酒精的法定年龄证明的可能性降低有关。单独出现的人被认为比与他人分组时要大得多。考虑了这些发现对限制未成年人饮酒的影响。
  • 【饮酒地点中毒: 新西兰大学社区的一项基于网络的日记研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.05.013 复制DOI
    作者列表:Kypri K,Paschall MJ,Maclennan B,Langley JD
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Drinking to intoxication is a modifiable risk factor for various health, social, and legal problems. The objective was to estimate the relative risk of intoxication by type of drinking location. Participants were 1614 university students (mean age 19.0 years) in residential halls who completed a web survey (67% response). Respondents reported their drinking for each day of the preceding week, in residential halls, pubs/bars/nightclubs, student flats/houses, and 'other' locations. An estimated blood alcohol concentration (EBAC) was computed and intoxication was defined as EBAC>0.08%. Pubs/bars/nightclubs accounted for 51% of all alcohol consumed, followed by residential halls (34%), student flats/houses (9%), and other locations (6%). Episodes resulting in intoxication comprised 61% of all drinking episodes in pubs/bars/nightclubs, 55% in student flats/houses, 53% in residential halls, and 37% in other locations. Multi-level analyses revealed positive associations between the first three location types (relative to 'other') and intoxication among women. Drinking in pubs/bars/nightclubs was associated with intoxication among men. Other significant predictors included hazardous drinking in the respondent's residential hall, pre-university drinking, and first-year status. Student intoxication is commonplace in licensed premises and residential halls. These environments are amenable to interventions to reduce the incidence of intoxication.
    背景与目标: : 饮酒中毒是各种健康,社会和法律问题的可改变的危险因素。目的是根据饮酒位置的类型来估计中毒的相对风险。参与者是1614名大学生 (平均年龄19.0岁),他们完成了网络调查 (67% 答复)。受访者报告说,他们在前一周的每一天,在宿舍,酒吧/夜总会,学生公寓/房屋以及 “其他” 地点喝酒。计算估计的血液酒精浓度 (EBAC),并将中毒定义为EBAC>0.08%。酒吧/夜总会占所有饮酒的51%,其次是住宅区 (34%),学生公寓/房屋 (9%) 和其他地点 (6%)。导致中毒的事件包括酒吧/夜总会的所有饮酒事件的61%,学生公寓/房屋的55%,住宅大厅的53% 以及其他地方的37%。多层次分析显示,前三种位置类型 (相对于 “其他”) 与女性中毒之间存在正相关。在酒吧/夜总会喝酒与男性中毒有关。其他重要的预测因素包括受访者居住大厅中的危险饮酒,大学预科饮酒和一年级。在持牌场所和宿舍中,学生陶醉很普遍。这些环境适合干预措施,以减少中毒的发生率。
  • 【[CPPD-沉积物 -- 老年男性齿状突后空间的重要鉴别诊断疾病]。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    影响因子 :
    发表时间:2007-08-01
    来源期刊:Rofo
    DOI:10.1055/s-2007-963184 复制DOI
    作者列表:Schreiter NF,Pflugmacher R,Schröder R
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: -2
    背景与目标: -2
  • 【体重指数对中年男性和绝经后女性载脂蛋白A-I动力学的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.metabol.2007.01.022 复制DOI
    作者列表:Welty FK,Lichtenstein AH,Lamon-Fava S,Schaefer EJ,Marsh JB
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The effect of body mass index (BMI) and obesity on apolipoprotein (apo) A-I levels and kinetics was examined by gender. Apo A-I kinetics were determined with a primed, constant infusion of deuterated leucine in the fed state in 19 men and 13 postmenopausal women. Compared with nonobese men, nonobese women had a higher level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apo A-I due to a 48% higher apo A-I production rate (PR) (P = .05). Obesity had no significant effects on apo A-I kinetics in women. In contrast, compared with nonobese men, obese men had a 9% lower apo A-I level due to a 64% higher fractional catabolic rate (FCR) partially offset by a 47% higher PR. Obese women had a 52% higher HDL-C than obese men (50 vs 33 mg/dL, respectively; P = .012), a finding related to the faster apo A-I FCR in obese men. BMI was directly correlated with apo A-I FCR (r = 0.84, P < .001) and PR (r = 0.79, P < .001) in men but not in women. Sixty-two percent of the variability in PR and 71% of the variability in FCR were due to BMI in men and only 3% and 23%, respectively, in women. In conclusion, BMI has a significant effect on apo A-I PR and FCR in men but not in women.
    背景与目标: : 通过性别检查了体重指数 (BMI) 和肥胖对载脂蛋白 (apo) A-I水平和动力学的影响。在19名男性和13名绝经后女性中,通过在进食状态下持续不断地输注氘代亮氨酸来确定Apo A-I动力学。与非肥胖男性相比,非肥胖女性的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (hdl-c) 和apo a-I水平较高,原因是apo A-I的生产率 (PR) 48% 较高 (P = .05)。肥胖对女性的apo A-I动力学没有显着影响。相反,与非肥胖男性相比,肥胖男性的apo a-I水平9% 较低,这是由于64% 较高的分解代谢率 (FCR) 部分被47% 较高的PR抵消。肥胖女性的hdl-c比肥胖男性高52% (分别为50 vs 33 mg/dL; P = .012),这一发现与肥胖男性的apo a-I FCR更快有关。BMI与男性的apo A-I FCR (r = 0.84,P <.001) 和PR (r = 0.79,P <.001) 直接相关,而女性则不相关。PR变异性的60 2% 和FCR变异性的71% 是由于男性的BMI,而女性分别只有3% 和23%。总之,BMI对男性的apo a-I PR和FCR有显着影响,而女性则没有。
  • 【基于网络的酒精干预: 重度饮酒者的系统减员研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.2196/jmir.6780 复制DOI
    作者列表:Radtke T,Ostergaard M,Cooke R,Scholz U
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Web-based alcohol interventions are a promising way to reduce alcohol consumption because of their anonymity and the possibility of reaching a high numbers of individuals including heavy drinkers. However, Web-based interventions are often characterized by high rates of attrition. To date, very few studies have investigated whether individuals with higher alcohol consumption show higher attrition rates in Web-based alcohol interventions as compared with individuals with lower alcohol consumption. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to examine the attrition rate and predictors of attrition in a Web-based intervention study on alcohol consumption. METHODS:The analysis of the predictors of attrition rate was performed on data collected in a Web-based randomized control trial. Data collection took place at the University of Konstanz, Germany. A total of 898 people, which consisted of 46.8% males (420/898) and 53.2% females (478/898) with a mean age of 23.57 years (SD 5.19), initially volunteered to participate in a Web-based intervention study to reduce alcohol consumption. Out of the sample, 86.9% (781/898) were students. Participants were classified as non-completers (439/898, 48.9%) if they did not complete the Web-based intervention. Potential predictors of attrition were self-reported: alcohol consumption in the last seven days, per week, from Monday to Thursday, on weekends, excessive drinking behavior measured with the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), and drinking motives measured by the Drinking Motive Questionnaire (DMQ-R SF). RESULTS:Significant differences between completers and non-completers emerged regarding alcohol consumption in the last seven days (B=-.02, P=.05, 95% CI [0.97-1.00]), on weekends (B=-.05, P=.003, 95% CI [0.92-0.98]), the AUDIT (B=-.06, P=.007, 95% CI [0.90-0.98], and the status as a student (B=.72, P=.001, 95% CI [1.35-3.11]). Most importantly, non-completers had a significantly higher alcohol consumption compared with completers. CONCLUSIONS:Hazardous alcohol consumption appears to be a key factor of the dropout rate in a Web-based alcohol intervention study. Thus, it is important to develop strategies to keep participants who are at high risk in Web-based interventions.
    背景与目标:
  • 【怀疑原发性不育的男性的 “肿胀测试” 与常规精液变量之间的线性和非线性关系。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137152 复制DOI
    作者列表:Colpi GM,Sagone P,Tognetti A,Campana A,Piffaretti-Yanez A,Balerna M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The relationship and degree of association between the percentage of sperm swelling (HOS-test) and conventional semen variables was investigated in 263 consecutive ejaculates. The semen samples were exclusively obtained from men suspected of primary infertility. It was found that the correlation coefficients (Spearman's rho) followed the order: percentage of progressive motility at 3 h greater than count/ml greater than percentage of total motility at 3 h greater than percentage of normal spermatozoa. Of the three morphology sub-classes considered (sperm head, mid-piece and tail abnormalities), only mid-piece abnormalities correlated with the outcome of the HOS-test (rho = -0.409). Linear relationships between HOS-test results and sperm motility and morphology, but not sperm count, were indicated by LOWESS-smoothing. However, a linear relationship between the HOS-test, sperm count and a 'functional index' combining the conventional semen variables could be demonstrated after normalization of the data. Our findings suggest that the HOS-test may be of value in assessing the functional integrity and viability of spermatozoa; however, its prognostic power for fertility is probably not different from that of conventional semen variables.
    背景与目标: : 在263连续射精中研究了精子肿胀百分比 (HOS检验) 与常规精液变量之间的关系和关联程度。精液样本仅来自怀疑原发性不育的男性。发现相关系数 (Spearman's rho) 遵循以下顺序: 3 h时的进行性运动百分比大于计数/ml大于3 h时的总运动百分比大于正常精子的百分比。在考虑的三个形态亚类 (精子头部,中段和尾部异常) 中,只有中段异常与HOS测试的结果相关 (rho = -0.409)。低度平滑显示了HOS测试结果与精子活力和形态之间的线性关系,而不是精子数量之间的线性关系。但是,在数据归一化后,可以证明HOS测试,精子数量和结合常规精液变量的 “功能指标” 之间存在线性关系。我们的发现表明,HOS测试可能在评估精子的功能完整性和生存能力方面具有价值; 但是,其对生育能力的预后能力可能与常规精液变量没有什么不同。

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