• 1 Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) in asthma. 复制标题 收藏 收藏

    【哮喘中的变应原免疫疗法 (AIT)。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.smim.2019.101334 复制DOI
    作者列表:Virchow JC
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Bronchial asthma remains one of the most common chronic diseases with a high degree of morbidity and still a considerable mortality with an increasing prevalence in many countries. Although remarkable progress has been made in the past decades in the medical treatment for asthma, curative or disease modifying approaches are still limited to allergen immunotherapy (AIT). Despite a plethora of potential immunological actions observed during AIT, the precise mechamisms that might exert beneficial effects especially in asthma remain unclear. Clinical studies in the past have suggested clinical benefits in symptom control and medication use with a small reduction in allergen-specific and non-specific bronchial hyperresponsiveness but these results were mainly derived from small, frequently suboptimally designed studies which were poorly comparable. Only recently have larger, dose ranging studies with well standardized allergens with patient relevant endpoints such as corticosteroid requirements for asthma control or the onset of exacerbations following inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) withdrawal corroborated the potential clinical effects of AIT in asthma, suggesting that it might replace some of the controller effects of ICS. In addition, newer, up-do-date designed studies support previous data that in patient populations at risk to develop asthma AIT might have a role in secondary prevention. Further studies on the long term effects as well as comparative studies are needed to further corroborate the role of AIT in the prevention and the control of asthma are needed.
    背景与目标: 支气管哮喘仍然是最常见的慢性疾病之一,发病率很高,死亡率仍然很高,在许多国家/地区患病率不断上升。尽管在过去的几十年中,在哮喘的医学治疗方面取得了显着进展,但治疗或疾病缓解方法仍仅限于变应原免疫疗法 (AIT)。尽管在AIT期间观察到大量潜在的免疫作用,但可能发挥有益作用的确切机制 (尤其是在哮喘中) 仍不清楚。过去的临床研究表明,在症状控制和药物使用方面具有临床益处,过敏原特异性和非特异性支气管高反应性略有降低,但这些结果主要来自小型的,通常设计不佳的研究,具有可比性。仅在最近进行了较大的剂量范围的研究,这些研究具有与患者相关的终点,例如哮喘控制所需的皮质类固醇激素或吸入性皮质类固醇激素 (ICS) 戒断后发作的发作,证实了AIT在哮喘中的潜在临床作用,表明它可能会取代ICS的某些控制作用。此外,最新的最新设计研究支持先前的数据,即在有哮喘AIT风险的患者人群中可能在二级预防中起作用。需要对长期影响进行进一步的研究以及比较研究,以进一步证实AIT在预防和控制哮喘中的作用。
  • 【Calotropis procera Ait的抗菌活性。(Asclepiadaceae) 和四种黄酮类糖苷作为活性成分的分离。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s11274-013-1288-2 复制DOI
    作者列表:Nenaah G
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Antimicrobial activity of solvent extracts and flavonoids of Calotropis procera growing wild in Saudi Arabia was evaluated using the agar well-diffusion method. A bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude flavonoid fraction (Cf3) of MeOH extract which showed the highest antimicrobial activity led to the isolation of four flavonoid glycosides as the bioactive constituents. Structure of compounds have been elucidated using physical and spectroscopic methods including (UV, IR, (1)H, (13)C-NMR, DEPT, 2D (1)H-(1)H COSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY). Compounds were found to be the 3-O-rutinosides of quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin, besides the flavonoid 5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone-4'-O-β-glucopyranoside. Most of the isolated extracts showed antimicrobial activity against the test microorganisms, where the crude flavonoid fraction was the most active, diameter of inhibition zones ranged between 15.5 and 28.5 mm against the tested bacterial strains, while reached 30 mm against the fungal Candida albicans. The minimal inhibitory concentrations varied from 0.04 to 0.32 mg/ml against all of the tested microorganisms in case of the crude flavonoid fraction. Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside showed superior activity over the remainder flavonoids. The Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) were more susceptible than the Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enteritidis) and the yeast species were more susceptible than the filamentous fungi. The study recommend the use of such natural products as antimicrobial biorationals.
    背景与目标: : 使用琼脂井扩散法评估了在沙特阿拉伯野生生长的Calotropis procera的溶剂提取物和类黄酮的抗菌活性。MeOH提取物的粗类黄酮级分 (Cf3) 的生物测定指导的分馏显示出最高的抗菌活性,导致隔离出四种类黄酮糖苷作为生物活性成分。已使用物理和光谱方法阐明了化合物的结构,包括 (UV,IR,(1)H,(13) c-nmr,DEPT,2D (1)H-(1)H COSY,HSQC,HMBC和NOESY)。除了黄酮类5-羟基-3,7-二甲氧基黄酮-4 '-O-β-吡喃葡萄糖苷外,还发现化合物是槲皮素,山奈酚和异鼠李素的3-o-芦丁苷。大多数分离的提取物显示出对测试微生物的抗微生物活性,其中粗类黄酮级分是最活跃的,对测试细菌菌株的抑制区直径在15.5和28.5毫米之间,而对真菌白色念珠菌达到30毫米。在粗类黄酮组分的情况下,对所有测试微生物的最小抑制浓度从0.04到0.32 mg/ml变化。Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside显示出优于其余类黄酮的活性。革兰氏阳性细菌 (金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌) 比革兰氏阴性细菌 (铜绿假单胞菌和肠炎沙门氏菌) 更敏感,酵母菌比丝状真菌更敏感。该研究建议使用此类天然产品作为抗菌生物制剂。
  • 【高效液相色谱法定量测定女贞子果实中的景天苷和specnuezhenide。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0801(199801/02)12:1<27::AID-BMC 复制DOI
    作者列表:Shi L,Ma Y,Cai Z
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: An accurate RP-HPLC method for the quantitative determination of two water-soluble biologically active compounds, salidroside (p-hydroxyphenethyl-beta-D-glucoside) and specnuezhenide in the fruits of Ligustrum lucidum Ait (a crude drug in Chinese traditional medicine) was developed. The reversed-phase column was Nova-Pak C18, saturated with water before the injection of the samples and eluted with a mobile phase of methanol6, v/v). The detection wavelength was 230 nm. The recoveries of the two compounds were 96.1 and 97.0%, respectively. The contents of salidroside and specnuezhenide in the fruits of Ligustrum lucidum Ait and two traditional Chinese patent medicines in which this crude drug was an important component, Erzhi Pills and Anshenbuxin Pills, were determined.

    背景与目标: 建立了一种精确的rp-hplc方法,用于定量测定女贞子果实中的两种水溶性生物活性化合物红景天苷 (对羟基苯乙基-β-D-葡萄糖苷) 和specnuezhenide (中药)。反相色谱柱为Nova-Pak C18,在注入样品之前用水饱和,并用甲醇6 (v/v) 的流动相洗脱。检测波长为230 nm。两种化合物的回收率分别为96.1和97.0%。测定了女贞子果实中红景天苷和specnuezhenide的含量,以及以该生药为重要成分的两种中成药二致丸和安肾补心丸。
  • 【来自天牛的UDP-木糖合酶和UDP-D-apiose/UDP-D-木糖合酶家族的转录组指导基因隔离和功能表征。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s00299-016-2044-5 复制DOI
    作者列表:Yin S,Kong JQ
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: KEY MESSAGE:The present study first identified the involvement of OcUAXS2 and OcUXS1-3 in anticancer polysaccharides biosynthesis in O. caudatum. UDP-xylose synthase (UXS) and UDP-D-apiose/UDP-D-xylose synthase (UAXS), both capable of converting UDP-D-glucuronic acid to UDP-D-xylose, are believed to transfer xylosyl residue to anticancer polysaccharides biosynthesis in Ornithogalum caudatum Ait. However, the cDNA isolation and functional characterization of genes encoding the two enzymes from O. caudatum has never been documented. Previously, the transcriptome sequencing of O. caudatum was performed in our laboratory. In this study, a total of six and two unigenes encoding UXS and UAXS were first retrieved based on RNA-Seq data. The eight putative genes were then successfully isolated from transcriptome of O. caudatum by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Phylogenetic analysis revealed the six putative UXS isoforms can be classified into three types, one soluble and two distinct putative membrane-bound. Moreover, the two UAXS isoenzymes were predicted to be soluble forms. Subsequently, these candidate cDNAs were characterized to be bona fide genes by functional expression in Escherichia coli individually. Although UXS and UAXS catalyzed the same reaction, their biochemical properties varied significantly. It is worth noting that a ratio switch of UDP-D-xylose/UDP-D-apiose for UAXS was established, which is assumed to be helpful for its biotechnological application. Furthermore, a series of mutants were generated to test the function of NAD+ binding motif GxxGxxG. Most importantly, the present study determined the involvement of OcUAXS2 and OcUXS1-3 in xylose-containing polysaccharides biosynthesis in O. caudatum. These data provide a comprehensive knowledge for UXS and UAXS families in plants.
    背景与目标: 关键信息: 本研究首先确定了OcUAXS2和OcUXS1-3参与尾O的抗癌多糖生物合成。UDP-木糖合酶 (UXS) 和UDP-D-apiose/UDP-D-木糖合酶 (UAXS) 均能够将UDP-D-葡萄糖醛酸转化为UDP-D-木糖,被认为可以将木糖基残基转移至ornitogalum caudatum Ait中的抗癌多糖生物合成。然而,从未记录过编码来自尾O的两种酶的基因的cDNA隔离和功能表征。以前,在我们的实验室中进行了尾O的转录组测序。在这项研究中,首先基于RNA-Seq数据检索了总共六个和两个编码UXS和UAXS的单基因。然后通过逆转录聚合酶链反应 (rt-pcr) 从尾O的转录组中成功分离出八个假定的基因。系统发育分析表明,六种推定的UXS亚型可分为三种类型,一种是可溶性的,两种是明显的膜结合的。此外,两种UAXS同工酶被预测为可溶形式。随后,通过分别在大肠杆菌中的功能表达,这些候选cdna被表征为真正的基因。尽管UXS和UAXS催化了相同的反应,但它们的生化特性差异很大。值得注意的是,建立了用于UAXS的UDP-D-木糖/UDP-D-apiose的比例开关,该开关被认为有助于其生物技术应用。此外,还产生了一系列突变体来测试NAD结合基序GxxGxxG的功能。最重要的是,本研究确定了OcUAXS2和OcUXS1-3参与尾叶中含木糖多糖的生物合成。这些数据为植物中的UXS和UAXS家族提供了全面的知识。
  • 【黄曲霉 (Ait。) 乳胶对土曲霉 (Thom) 遗传效应的分子和生化评价。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Qari SH
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The present study was conducted to observe the genotoxic effect of latex of Calotropis procera. Dense conidial suspensions of Aspergillus terreus Thorn were treated with different concentrations of Calotropis latex and assayed for percentage survival, auxotrophic mutants, DNA and total protein contents and further subjected to RAPD and SDS-PAGE tests. It was found that latex of Calotropis procera had potent lethal and mutagenic activities. Percentage survival decreased as concentration or time of exposure increased. Frequency of auxotrophic mutants increased with increase in concentration or exposure time. Most auxotrophic mutants were amino acid requiring mutants. DNA and total protein contents of each mutant was significantly lower than wild type of Aspergillus terreus. RAPD demonstrated polymorphic genetic bands which were the electrophoretic products of PCR for all mutants compared with the wild type strain. SDS-PAGE results expressed a polymorphism of protein bands as well. All these results indicated the mutagenicity of latex of Calotropis procera.
    背景与目标: : 本研究旨在观察黄花胶乳的遗传毒性作用。用不同浓度的Calotropis乳胶处理土曲霉的致密分生孢子悬浮液,并测定存活率,营养缺陷型突变体,DNA和总蛋白质含量,并进一步进行RAPD和sds-page测试。研究发现,黄花草的乳胶具有有效的致死和诱变活性。随着浓度或暴露时间的增加,生存率百分比降低。营养缺陷型突变体的频率随浓度或暴露时间的增加而增加。大多数营养缺陷型突变体是需要氨基酸的突变体。每个突变体的DNA和总蛋白含量显着低于野生型土曲霉。与野生型菌株相比,RAPD显示出多态性遗传带是所有突变体的PCR电泳产物。Sds-page结果也表达了蛋白质带的多态性。所有这些结果表明了Calotropis procera胶乳的致突变性。
  • 【茄花在快速增殖的组织培养物中的索拉索丁生产。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/BF00270168 复制DOI
    作者列表:Chandler S,Dodds J
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Callus and suspension cultures, established from seedling and leaf explants of Solanum laciniatum Ait were analysed for solasodine using a spectrophotometric assay. Solasodine concentration in both types of culture ranged from 0.5 - 1.0 mg/g dry wt., with a small number of callus explants containing higher concentrations. There was no overall fall in concentration as a result of serial subculture, and in suspension cultures the level remained constant throughout a single passage. Solasodine concentration was enhanced by the induction of organogenesis in both primary leaf explants and callus. ABA, added at 0.04 mg 1(-1), increased solasodine yield in callus cultures whilst CEPA, at concentrations of 10 mg 1(-1) and higher, inhibited production. Dark grown callus contained significantly more solasodine than light grown.
    背景与目标: : 使用分光光度法分析了从laciniatum Ait的幼苗和叶片外植体建立的愈伤组织和悬浮培养物中的solasodine。两种类型的培养物中的Solasodine浓度范围为0.5-1.0 mg/g干重,少量的愈伤组织外植体含有较高浓度。由于连续传代培养,浓度没有总体下降,并且在悬浮培养中,该水平在整个传代过程中保持恒定。通过在初级叶外植体和愈伤组织中诱导器官发生来提高索拉索丁的浓度。以0.04 mg 1(-1) 添加的ABA增加了愈伤组织培养物中的索拉索丁产量,而浓度为10 mg 1(-1) 或更高的CEPA抑制了生产。深色生长的愈伤组织比浅色生长的愈伤组织含有更多的索拉索丁。
  • 【女贞对城市空气污染物反应的差异。女贞和女贞。三色f。) redd。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/0269-7491(96)00014-0 复制DOI
    作者列表:Carreras HA,Cañas MS,Pignata ML
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :This study examined the chemical response of Ligustrum lucidum Ait. and Ligustrum lucidum Ait. f. tricolor (Rehd.) Rehd. when exposed to different sources of atmospheric pollutants. Dry weight/fresh weight ratio, specific leaf area (SLA), sulfur content, chlorophyll concentration, carotenoids, soluble proteins, malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydroperoxy conjugated dienes (HPCD) were determined for leaf samples taken from different sites in the city of Córdoba, Argentina. These sites were categorized in terms of their traffic levels and industrial levels. Both L. lucidum as well as L. lucidum f. tricolor accumulated sulfur in their leaves in sites with high traffic levels, the former being the most sensitive to this type of pollution. Ligustrum lucidum exhibited significantly low concentrations of soluble proteins, in sites with high industrial pollution levels. Ligustrum lucidum f. tricolor did not exhibit a significant response to industrial pollution.
    背景与目标: : 这项研究检查了女贞的化学响应。和女贞。f.三色 (Rehd。) 当暴露于不同的大气污染物来源时。测定了从阿根廷科尔多瓦市不同地点采集的叶片样品的干重/鲜重比,比叶面积 (SLA),硫含量,叶绿素浓度,类胡萝卜素,可溶性蛋白质,丙二醛 (MDA) 和氢过氧共轭二烯 (HPCD)。这些站点根据其流量水平和工业水平进行了分类。L. lucidum和L. lucidum f. tricolor都在流量高的地方的叶子中积累了硫,前者对这种类型的污染最敏感。在工业污染水平高的地方,女贞表现出明显低浓度的可溶性蛋白质。女贞三色对工业污染没有明显的反应。
  • 【原位估计伊蚊对水通量的可变植物抗性。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1104/pp.61.3.311 复制DOI
    作者列表:Roberts SW,Knoerr KR
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Xylem pressure potentials and stomatal diffusion resistances were measured in the field in Ilex opaca Ait. during days which differed in temperature and vapor pressure deficit. Water flux into leaves was calculated by combining the field data with laboratory determinations of the relation between tissue water deficit and water potential. Estimates of apparent plant resistance were then calculated from fluxes and differences between soil water potential and xylem tension. The resistance depended strongly on water flux, dropping by a factor of over 7 from low to high water flow rates. This extends the generality of variable plant resistances measured in controlled environment studies to I. opaca as it occurs naturally in the field. The relation of apparent plant resistance to water flux as estimated in this study can be useful in simulation models which calculate water uptake to leaves as a flux driven by a difference in soil and leaf water potentials across a resistance between the bulk soil and the leaf.
    背景与目标: : 在Ilex opaca Ait的田间测量了木质部的压力势和气孔扩散阻力。在温度和蒸气压不足不同的日子里。通过将现场数据与实验室确定的组织水分亏缺与水势之间的关系相结合,计算出进入叶片的水通量。然后根据通量以及土壤水势和木质部张力之间的差异计算表观植物抗性的估计值。阻力在很大程度上取决于水通量,从低到高水流量下降了7倍以上。这将在受控环境研究中测得的可变植物抗性的一般性扩展到I. opaca,因为它在田间自然发生。在这项研究中估计的表观植物抗性与水通量的关系在模拟模型中可能很有用,该模型将叶片的吸水量计算为流量,该流量是由土壤和叶片水势在整个土壤和土壤之间的阻力之间的差异驱动的。叶。
  • 【苦参对麻醉犬血流动力学和心室纤颤阈值的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1142/S0192415X87000072 复制DOI
    作者列表:Dai S,Chan MY,Lee SS,Ogle CW
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The effects of an ethanol extract of the plant Sophora flavescens Ait. on haemodynamics and ventricular fibrillation threshold were studied in pentobarbitone-anaesthetized dogs. It was found that intravenous injection of the extract, 120 mg/kg, caused transient but significant depression in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, left ventricular pressure and dLVP/dtmax, as well as elevation of ventricular fibrillation threshold. These preliminary findings suggest that the ethanol extract of Sophora flavescens Ait. possesses pharmacological activities resembling those of antiarrhythmic agents, but the mechanisms of action are unclear.
    背景与目标: : 植物苦参乙醇提取物的影响。在戊巴比妥麻醉的狗中研究了血流动力学和心室颤阈值。发现静脉注射120 mg/kg提取物会导致收缩压和舒张压,心率,左心室压力和dLVP/dtmax的短暂但显着降低,以及心室纤颤阈值升高。这些初步发现表明苦参的乙醇提取物具有类似于抗心律失常药的药理活性,但作用机制尚不清楚。
  • 【pinaster Ait中与光合作用和水分利用效率相关的功能性状的遗传控制。干旱响应: 基因组注释,等位基因关联和QTL检测的整合,用于候选基因鉴定。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1186/1471-2164-15-464 复制DOI
    作者列表:de Miguel M,Cabezas JA,de María N,Sánchez-Gómez D,Guevara MÁ,Vélez MD,Sáez-Laguna E,Díaz LM,Mancha JA,Barbero MC,Collada C,Díaz-Sala C,Aranda I,Cervera MT
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Understanding molecular mechanisms that control photosynthesis and water use efficiency in response to drought is crucial for plant species from dry areas. This study aimed to identify QTL for these traits in a Mediterranean conifer and tested their stability under drought. RESULTS:High density linkage maps for Pinus pinaster were used in the detection of QTL for photosynthesis and water use efficiency at three water irrigation regimes. A total of 28 significant and 27 suggestive QTL were found. QTL detected for photochemical traits accounted for the higher percentage of phenotypic variance. Functional annotation of genes within the QTL suggested 58 candidate genes for the analyzed traits. Allele association analysis in selected candidate genes showed three SNPs located in a MYB transcription factor that were significantly associated with efficiency of energy capture by open PSII reaction centers and specific leaf area. CONCLUSIONS:The integration of QTL mapping of functional traits, genome annotation and allele association yielded several candidate genes involved with molecular control of photosynthesis and water use efficiency in response to drought in a conifer species. The results obtained highlight the importance of maintaining the integrity of the photochemical machinery in P. pinaster drought response.
    背景与目标:
  • 【Solanum muricatum Ait。通过调节免疫系统抑制炎症和癌症。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.4103/0973-1482.138198 复制DOI
    作者列表:Shathish K,Guruvayoorappan C
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: CONTEXT:The pepino fruit Solanum muricatum Ait. (Solanaceae) is commonly known as melon pear and sweet cucumber grown in South America, New Zealand, and India. Traditionally, the fruits are used in the treatment of diabetes and cancer. AIM:The objective of present study is to explore the immunomodulatory, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanol extract of S. muricatum fruits in experimental mice models. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Immunomodulatory activity of S. muricatum fruits was evaluated by assessing the relative organ weight, bone marrow cellularity, α-esterase activity, and by studying the phagocytic activity by carbon clearance test. The anti-tumor activity of the fruit extract was studied against Dalton's lymphoma ascites (DLA) cell line induced solid and ascites tumor models. The anti-inflammatory activity of the fruit extract was evaluated using carrageenan and formaldehyde models. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:The results were expressed as mean (±SD). Statistical analyses were performed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett's test using GraphPad Instat software. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS:S. muricatum treatment could not only stimulate the immune system but also significantly (P < 0.01) inhibit the growth of transplantable tumor. The serum glutathione and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels were found to be significantly decreased compared with tumor-bearing control animals. The increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α level in tumor control (802.6 ± 12.0) was significantly (P < 0.01) decreased to 175.2 ± 16.5 after S. muricatum treatment. The TNF-α level in normal animals was found to be 21.0 ± 3.5 pg/ml. An increase in life span was observed after S. muricatum treatment. The extract also inhibited the edema induced by carrageenan and formaldehyde, respectively. CONCLUSION:The results showed that the S. muricatum fruit extract has potent immunomodulatory, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities.
    背景与目标:
  • 【AIT-082,一种具有神经再生特性的新型嘌呤衍生物。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1517/13543784.6.10.1413 复制DOI
    作者列表:Glasky AJ,Glasky MS,Ritzmann RF,Rathbone MP
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Preclinical and clinical evidence support the effectiveness of neurotrophins in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and neurodegenerative diseases. Delivery of neurotrophins to target sites in the brain remains a major obstacle for their use in humans. Development of orally active agents that mimic the effects of nerve growth factor and other neurotrophins provides a promising alternative therapeutic strategy. AIT-082, a purine analogue, has been shown to reverse age-induced memory deficits in mice and is a growth factor-mimetic agent. It is orally active, rapidly penetrates the blood-brain barrier and induces the production of multiple growth factors at the appropriate target site in the central nervous system (CNS).
    背景与目标: : 临床前和临床证据支持神经营养蛋白在阿尔茨海默氏病 (AD) 和神经退行性疾病中的有效性。将神经营养蛋白递送到大脑的靶位点仍然是其在人类中使用的主要障碍。模拟神经生长因子和其他神经营养蛋白作用的口服活性剂的开发提供了一种有前途的替代治疗策略。AIT-082,一种嘌呤类似物,已被证明可以逆转小鼠中年龄诱导的记忆缺陷,并且是一种生长因子模拟剂。它具有口服活性,可迅速穿透血脑屏障,并在中枢神经系统 (CNS) 的适当靶位点诱导多种生长因子的产生。
  • 【女贞子。果实提取物通过上调p21诱导人肝癌细胞凋亡和细胞衰老。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.3892/or.2014.3312 复制DOI
    作者列表:Hu B,Du Q,Deng S,An HM,Pan CF,Shen KP,Xu L,Wei MM,Wang SS
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Nü-zhen-zi, the fruit of Ligustrum lucidum Ait., is one of the most frequently used liver Yin tonifying Chinese herbs for the treatment of liver cancer. However, the effect of Ligustrum lucidum fruit on hepatocarcinoma cells remains unknown. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of a Ligustrum lucidum fruit extract (LLFE) on human hepatocellular carcinoma Bel-7402 cells. The results showed that LLFE inhibited the proliferation of the Bel-7402 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. LLFE induced apoptosis in Bel-7402 cells accompanied by activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9. LLFE-induced apoptosis was completely abrogated by a pan caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK. LLFE treatment also caused a large and flat morphologic cellular change, positive SA-β-gal staining, and G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest in the Bel-7402 cells, accompanied by upregulation of p21 and downregulation of RB phosphorylation. Specific knockdown of p21 expression by RNA interference partially abrogated LLFE-induced apoptosis, and significantly abrogated LLFE-induced cell senescence. These observations suggest that Nü-zhen-zi is a potential anticancer herb and support the traditional use of Nü-zhen-zi for hepatocarcinoma treatment.
    背景与目标: : 女贞子,女贞子的果实。,是治疗肝癌最常用的肝阴补益中草药之一。然而,女贞子对肝癌细胞的影响仍然未知。在本研究中,我们评估了女贞子果实提取物 (LLFE) 对人肝癌Bel-7402细胞的影响。结果表明,LLFE以剂量和时间依赖性方式抑制Bel-7402细胞的增殖。LLFE诱导Bel-7402细胞凋亡,并伴有caspase-3,-8和-9的激活。LLFE诱导的凋亡被pan caspase抑制剂Z-VAD-FMK完全消除。LLFE处理还引起Bel-7402细胞中大而平坦的形态变化,阳性SA-β-gal染色和G0/G1期细胞周期停滞,伴随着p21的上调和RB磷酸化的下调。通过RNA干扰特异性敲除p21表达,部分消除了LLFE诱导的细胞凋亡,并显着消除了LLFE诱导的细胞衰老。这些观察结果表明,Nü-zhen-zi是一种潜在的抗癌草药,并支持传统使用Nü-zhen-zi治疗肝癌。
  • 【女贞叶作为地中海城市空气质量的生物指示剂。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1023/b:emas.0000031729.62970.fa 复制DOI
    作者列表:Oliva SR,Valdés B
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The concentration of 11 elements, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and V, have been determined in leaves of Ligistrum lucidum Ait. f. growing in Palermo, by simultaneous inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A total of 72 samples from six different sites were investigated to deduce the bioindicator ability of this species. Differences were found in the element concentrations in the leaves from the different sites and, in general, anthropogenic pollutant patterns match traffic levels. This paper describes and discusses the spatio-variations of the different elements. Cluster analyses established three different groups giving an idea about the origins of the elements. Results demonstrate that this species is useful as a bioindicator in a Mediterranean climate, especially as it has the added advantage of being an evergreen tree.
    背景与目标: : 通过同时电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定了木叶叶中Ba,Cd,Cr,Cu,Fe,Mg,Mn,Ni,Pb,Zn和V 11种元素的浓度。共研究了来自六个不同地点的72个样品,以推断该物种的生物指示剂能力。发现来自不同地点的叶子中的元素浓度存在差异,并且通常,人为污染物模式与交通水平相匹配。本文描述并讨论了不同元素的空间变化。聚类分析建立了三个不同的组,以了解元素的起源。结果表明,该物种在地中海气候中可用作生物指示剂,特别是因为它具有常绿乔木的额外优势。
  • 【人参与女贞子对对环磷酰胺诱导的骨髓抑制小鼠造血恢复的相容性影响及其物质基础。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.jgr.2019.01.001 复制DOI
    作者列表:Han J,Dai M,Zhao Y,Cai E,Zhang L,Jia X,Sun N,Fei X,Shu H
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: Background:Ginseng (G) and Ligustrum lucidum Ait (LLA) are core traditional Chinese medicines in treating myelosuppression formula. The present study was designed to profile effect of G and LLA herb pair (G-LLA) on myelosuppressed mice.

    Methods:The mice myelosuppression model was established by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cyclophosphamide (Cy). Hematopoietic function of bone marrow was measured by hemopoietic progenitor cell culture and peripheral blood count, and serum hemopoietic factors were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bone marrow cell cycle was performed by flow cytometry. HPLC was used to measure 20 potential chemical components related to myelosuppression, including ginsenoside Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, Rd, Rk3, Rh4, 20 (S)-Rg3, 20 (R)-Rg3, Rk1, Rg5, salidroside, and so on.

    Results:G, LLA, and G-LLA improved the amount of peripheral blood cells and bone marrow cells of myelosuppressed mice (P < 0.01). They significantly increased the colony quantity of colony-forming unit-granulocyte macrophage, burst-forming unit-erythroid, colony-forming unit-erythroid, and colony-forming unit-megakaryocyte and amount of G2/M and S phase cells (P < 0.01). They also significantly decreased the amount of hematopoiesis-related cytokines (P < 0.01). The content of chemical components in G-LLA changed, and the change of rare saponin was the most obvious.

    Conclusion:These results show that G-LLA herb pair might produce synergistic or complementary compatibility effects on bone marrow suppression after chemotherapy. It suggests that the substance basis of G-LLA for treating bone marrow suppression may be effective chemical components.

    背景与目标: 背景 : 人参 (G) 和女贞子 (LLA) 是治疗骨髓抑制配方的核心中药。本研究旨在分析G和LLA草药对 (g-lla) 对骨髓抑制小鼠的作用。
    方法 : 通过腹膜内 (i.p.) 建立小鼠骨髓抑制模型) 注射环磷酰胺 (Cy)。通过造血祖细胞培养和外周血计数测定骨髓造血功能,并通过酶联免疫吸附法检测血清造血因子。通过流式细胞术进行骨髓细胞周期。HPLC用于测量与骨髓抑制有关的20种潜在化学成分,包括人参皂苷Rg1,Re,Rb1,Rc,Rb2,Rb3,Rd,Rk3,Rh4,20 (S)-Rg3,20 (R)-Rg3,Rk1,Rg5,红景天苷,等等。
    结果 :G,LLA和g-lla改善了骨髓抑制小鼠的外周血细胞和骨髓细胞的数量 (P <0.01)。它们显着增加了集落形成单位-粒细胞巨噬细胞,爆发形成单位-红系,集落形成单位-红系和集落形成单位-巨核细胞的集落数量以及G2/M和S期细胞的数量 (P <0.01)。它们还显著降低了造血相关细胞因子的数量 (P <0.01)。G-lla中化学成分的含量发生了变化,其中稀有皂苷的变化最为明显。
    结论 : 这些结果表明,g-lla草药对化疗后的骨髓抑制可能产生协同或互补的相容性作用。提示g-lla治疗骨髓抑制的物质基础可能是有效的化学成分。

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