BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The strategic use of fluorine substitution in drug discovery and drug development is well documented. The small size and high electronegativity of fluorine are among properties of this element that lend special advantages. Applications in drugs targeted to the central nervous system (CNS) have been particularly fruitful in addition to favorable properties seen in many peripherally acting drugs. Fluorine substitution can be used to solve problems unique to the CNS, such as blood brain barrier (BBB) penetration. Likewise, use of the positron emitting isotope, (18)F, provides a unique tool for non-invasive imaging and diagnoses in the CNS. In this review, fluorine in CNS drugs and drug discovery are discussed.

背景与目标： ：氟取代在药物发现和药物开发中的战略用途已得到充分证明。氟的小尺寸和高电负性是该元素的特性之一，具有特殊的优势。除了在许多外围作用药物中看到的有利特性外，在针对中枢神经系统（CNS）的药物中的应用也特别富有成果。氟取代可用于解决CNS独有的问题，例如血脑屏障（BBB）渗透。同样，正电子发射同位素（18）F的使用为CNS中的非侵入性成像和诊断提供了独特的工具。在这篇综述中，讨论了中枢神经系统药物中的氟和药物发现。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :There are numerous analytic and methodological limitations to current measures of drug market activity. This paper explores the structure of markets and individual user behavior to provide an integrated understanding of behavioral and economic (and market) aspects of illegal drug use with an aim toward developing improved procedures for measurement. This involves understanding the social processes that structure illegal distribution networks and drug users' interactions with them. These networks are where and how social behaviors, prices, and markets for illegal drugs intersect. Our focus is upon getting an up close measurement of these activities. Building better measures of consumption behaviors necessitates building better rapport with subjects than typically achieved with one-time surveys in order to overcome withholding and underreporting and to get a comprehensive understanding of the processes involved. This can be achieved through repeated interviews and observations of behaviors. This paper also describes analytic advances that could be adopted to direct this inquiry including behavioral templates, and insights into the economic valuation of labor inputs and cash expenditures for various illegal drugs. Additionally, the paper makes recommendations to funding organizations for developing the mechanisms that would support behavioral scientists to weigh specimens and to collect small samples for laboratory analysis-by providing protection from the potential for arrest. The primary focus is upon U.S. markets. The implications for other countries are discussed.

背景与目标： ：目前对药物市场活动的度量存在许多分析和方法学限制。本文探讨了市场结构和个人用户行为，以提供对非法药物使用的行为和经济（及市场）方面的综合理解，旨在开发改进的测量程序。这涉及了解构成非法分销网络和吸毒者与之互动的社会过程。这些网络是非法毒品的社会行为，价格和市场在何处以及如何相交的地方。我们的重点是仔细衡量这些活动。要建立更好的消费行为衡量标准，就必须与受试者建立更好的融洽关系，这要比一次调查更能实现，以克服扣缴和漏报的情况，并对所涉及的过程有一个全面的了解。这可以通过反复采访和观察行为来实现。本文还描述了可用于指导这一询问的分析进展，包括行为模板，以及对各种非法药物的劳动投入和现金支出的经济估值的见解。此外，该论文还向资助组织提出了建议，以开发机制，以支持行为科学家称量样本并收集小样本进行实验室分析，从而提供保护措施以防止被捕。主要重点是美国市场。讨论了对其他国家的影响。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Novel double-capped triplet drugs, which have one pharmacophore unit and two epoxymethano or dimethylepoxymethano structures (termed cap or diMe-cap structures, respectively) were synthesized. Key intermediate oxazoline 16 derived from acetone enabled the effective synthesis of double-capped triplets. SYK-134 (7a) and SYK-135 (8a) with N-cyclopropylmethyl substituent and cap structures showed selectivities for the κ opioid receptor. On the other hand, the N-Me series exhibited selectivities for the μ opioid receptor. The double-capped triplet drugs with diMe-cap structures preferred the μ receptor independently of their N-substituents. SYK-385 (19b), one of the μ-selective double-capped triplet drugs, showed the highest selectivity for the μ receptor among the reported μ-selective nonpeptide ligands.

背景与目标： 合成了具有一个药效团单元和两个环氧亚甲基或二甲基环氧亚甲基结构（分别称为帽或二甲基-帽结构）的新型双封端三联体药物。源自丙酮的关键中间体恶唑啉16能够有效合成双封三胞胎。具有N-环丙基甲基取代基和帽结构的SYK-134（7a）和SYK-135（8a）对κ阿片受体具有选择性。另一方面，N-Me系列对μ阿片受体具有选择性。具有diMe-cap结构的双封端三联体药物优选μ受体，而与它们的N取代基无关。微米选择性双封端三联体药物之一SYK-385（19b）在已报道的微米选择性非肽配体中显示出对微米受体的最高选择性。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:in men, the concomitant use of two or more benzodiazepines or two or more antipsychotics is associated with an increased risk of fracture(s). Potential associations between the concomitant use of drugs with central nervous system effects and fracture risk have not been studied. OBJECTIVE:the purpose was to describe the gender-specific risk of fractures in a population aged 65 years or over associated with the use of an opioid, antiepileptic or anticholinergic drug individually; or, their concomitant use with each other; or the concomitant use of one of these with a psychotropic drug. METHODS:this study was part of a prospective, population-based study performed in Lieto, Finland. Information about fractures in 1,177 subjects (482 men and 695 women) was confirmed with radiology reports. RESULTS:at 3 years of follow-up, the concomitant use of an opioid with an antipsychotic was associated with an increased risk of fractures in men. During the 6-year follow-up, the concomitant use of an opioid with a benzodiazepine was also related to the risk of fractures for males. No significant associations were found for females. CONCLUSION:the concomitant use of an opioid with an antipsychotic, or with a benzodiazepine may increase the risk of fractures in men aged 65 years and older.

背景与目标： 背景：在男性中，同时使用两种或多种苯二氮杂类或两种或多种抗精神病药会增加骨折的风险。尚未研究同时使用药物与中枢神经系统作用与骨折风险之间的潜在关联。
目的：目的是描述在65岁或65岁以上人群中因单独使用阿片类药物，抗癫痫药或抗胆碱能药物引起的骨折的性别特异性风险；或同时使用；或或将其中一种与精神药物同时使用。
方法：本研究是在芬兰利托进行的一项基于人群的前瞻性研究的一部分。放射学报告证实了有关1,177名受试者（482名男性和695名女性）骨折的信息。
结果：在随访的3年中，同时使用阿片类药物和抗精神病药会增加男性骨折的风险。在6年的随访期间，阿片类药物与苯二氮卓类药物同时使用也与男性骨折风险有关。没有发现与女性的显着关联。
结论：阿片类药物与抗精神病药或苯二氮卓类药物同时使用可能会增加65岁以上男性骨折的风险。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Twenty-four antimicrobial drugs were examined for rapidity of onset and magnitude of bactericidal activity against selected strains of Clostridium perfringens. Ceftriaxone, imipenem, metronidazole, mezlocillin, penicillin G, piperacillin, and teicoplanin reduced colony counts by at least 3 log10 units within 2-4 h after exposure. Clindamycin, fluoroquinolones, josamycin, and tetracycline caused delayed kill (greater than or equal to 99.9% reduction of viable counts at 4-22 h after exposure). Chloramphenicol and rifampin lacked bactericidal activity against 2 of 4 strains, whereas erythromycin, fusidic acid, and fosfomycin (with added glucose-6-phosphate) were merely inhibitory for all 4 strains. Imipenem and penicillin G were combined with 9 and 12 antimicrobial drugs, respectively. Essentially all drug combinations yielded indifferent effects; only penicillin G plus doxycycline resulted in an antagonistic effect against C. perfringens.

背景与目标： ：检查了二十四种抗微生物药物对产气荚膜梭状芽孢杆菌某些菌株的起效速度和杀菌活性的大小。头孢曲松，亚胺培南，甲硝唑，美洛西林，青霉素G，哌拉西林和替考拉宁在暴露后2-4小时内可将菌落数减少至少3 log10个单位。克林霉素，氟喹诺酮，乔沙霉素和四环素引起延迟杀灭（暴露后4-22 h内存活计数减少等于或大于99.9％）。氯霉素和利福平对4个菌株中的2个缺乏杀菌活性，而红霉素，夫西地酸和磷霉素（添加了6-磷酸葡萄糖）仅对全部4个菌株具有抑制作用。亚胺培南和青霉素G分别与9种和12种抗菌药物合用。基本上所有药物组合均产生无关紧要的作用。仅青霉素G加强力霉素可导致对产气荚膜梭菌的拮抗作用。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Novel treatment strategies for tuberculosis are urgently needed. Many different preclinical models assessing anti-tuberculosis drug activity are available, but it is yet unclear which combination of models is most predictive of clinical treatment efficacy. The aim of this study was to determine the role of our in vitro time kill-kinetics assay as an asset to a predictive preclinical modeling framework assessing anti-tuberculosis drug activity. The concentration- and time-dependent mycobacterial killing capacities of six anti-tuberculosis drugs were determined during exposure as single drugs or in dual, triple and quadruple combinations towards a Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing genotype strain and drug resistance was assessed. Streptomycin, rifampicin and isoniazid were most active against fast-growing M. tuberculosis. Isoniazid with rifampicin or high dose ethambutol were the only synergistic drug combinations. The addition of rifampicin or streptomycin to isoniazid prevented isoniazid resistance. In vitro ranking showed agreement with early bactericidal activity in tuberculosis patients for some but not all anti-tuberculosis drugs. The time-kill kinetics assay provides important information on the mycobacterial killing dynamics of anti-tuberculosis drugs during the early phase of drug exposure. As such, this assay is a valuable component of the preclinical modeling framework.

背景与目标： ：迫切需要新的结核病治疗策略。目前已有许多评估抗结核药物活性的临床前模型，但尚不清楚哪种模型组合最能预测临床治疗效果。这项研究的目的是确定我们在体外时间杀伤动力学测定中作为评估抗结核药物活性的预测性临床前建模框架的一项资产的作用。在暴露于结核分枝杆菌北京基因型菌株的单药或双重，三重和四重组合暴露期间，确定了六种抗结核药物的浓度和时间依赖性分枝杆菌杀伤能力，并评估了耐药性。链霉素，利福平和异烟肼对快速增长的结核分枝杆菌最为活跃。异烟肼与利福平或大剂量乙胺丁醇是唯一的协同药物组合。在异烟肼中添加利福平或链霉素可防止异烟肼耐药。在体外排名显示，对于某些但不是全部抗结核药物，结核病患者的早期杀菌活性与之一致。时间杀灭动力学测定法提供了有关药物暴露初期抗结核药物分枝杆菌杀灭动力学的重要信息。因此，该测定是临床前建模框架的重要组成部分。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Achieving 'universal access' to antiretroviral HIV treatment (ART) in lower income and transitional settings is a global target. Yet, access to ART is shaped by local social condition and is by no means universal. Qualitative studies are ideally suited to describing how access to ART is socially situated. We explored systemic barriers to accessing ART among people who inject drugs (PWID) in a Russian city (Ekaterinburg) with a large burden of HIV treatment demand. We undertook 42 in-depth qualitative interviews with people living with HIV with current or recent experience of injecting drug use. Accounts were analysed thematically, and supplemented here with an illustrative case study. Three core themes were identified: 'labyrinthine bureaucracy' governing access to ART; a 'system Catch 22' created by an expectation that access to ART was conditional upon treated drug use in a setting of limited drug treatment opportunity; and 'system verticalization', where a lack of integration across HIV, tuberculosis (TB) and drug treatment compromised access to ART. Taken together, we find that systemic factors play a key role in shaping access to ART with the potential adverse effects of reproducing treatment initiation delay and disengagement from treatment. We argue that meso-level systemic factors affecting access to ART for PWID interact with wider macro-level structural forces, including those related to drug treatment policy and the social marginalization of PWID. We note the urgent need for systemic and structural changes to improve access to ART for PWID in this setting, including to simplify bureaucratic procedures, foster integrated HIV, TB and drug treatment services, and advocate for drug treatment policy reform.

背景与目标： ：在较低的收入和过渡环境中实现对抗逆转录病毒HIV治疗（ART）的“普遍获得”是全球目标。然而，获得抗逆转录病毒药物的途径取决于当地的社会状况，绝不是普遍的。定性研究非常适合描述获得抗逆转录病毒疗法在社会上的位置。我们探索了在俄罗斯城市（叶卡捷琳堡）注射艾滋病毒（HIV）需求量很大的注射毒品者（PWID）中获取ART的系统性障碍。我们对具有当前或最近注射吸毒经验的艾滋病毒感染者进行了42次深入的定性访谈。对帐目进行了主题分析，并在此处补充了说明性的案例研究。确定了三个核心主题：控制获取抗逆转录病毒药物的“迷宫式官僚主义”；期望在有限的药物治疗机会的情况下获得抗病毒药物的条件是要获得抗逆转录病毒药物而创建的“系统捕​​获22”；以及“系统垂直化”，即艾滋病毒，结核病和药物治疗之间缺乏整合，影响了抗逆转录病毒疗法的获取。综上所述，我们发现系统性因素在影响获得ART的过程中起着关键作用，并具有再生治疗起始延迟和脱离治疗的潜在不利影响。我们认为影响PWID获得抗逆转录病毒疗法的中观系统性因素与更广泛的宏观结构性因素相互作用，包括那些与毒品治疗政策和PWID的社会边缘化有关的因素。我们注意到迫切需要进行系统和结构上的改革，以改善在这种情况下PWID获得抗病毒治疗的途径，包括简化官僚程序，促进艾滋病毒，结核病和药物治疗的综合服务，以及倡导药物治疗政策的改革。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by inflammation and an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study investigates possible associations between CVD and the use of conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in RA. Using a case control design, 613 RA patients (5,649 patient-years) were studied, 72 with CVD and 541 without CVD. Data on RA, CVD and drug treatment were evaluated from time of RA diagnosis up to the first cardiovascular event or the end of the follow-up period. The dataset was categorized according to DMARD use: sulfasalazine (SSZ), hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) or methotrexate (MTX). Odds ratios (ORs) for CVD, corrected for age, gender, smoking and RA duration, were calculated per DMARD group. Patients who never used SSZ, HCQ or MTX were used as a reference group. MTX treatment was associated with a significant CVD risk reduction, with ORs (95% CI): 'MTX only', 0.16 (0.04 to 0.66); 'MTX and SSZ ever', 0.20 (0.08 to 0.51); and 'MTX, SSZ and HCQ ever', 0.20 (0.08 to 0.54). The risk reductions remained significant after additional correction for the presence of rheumatoid factor and erosions. After correction for hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia, 'MTX or SSZ ever' and 'MTX, SSZ and HCQ ever' showed significant CVD risk reduction. Rheumatoid factor positivity and erosions both increased CVD risk, with ORs of 2.04 (1.02 to 4.07) and 2.36 (0.92 to 6.08), respectively. MTX and, to a lesser extent, SSZ were associated with significantly lower CVD risk compared to RA patients who never used SSZ, HCQ or MTX. We hypothesize that DMARD use, in particular MTX use, results in powerful suppression of inflammation, thereby reducing the development of atherosclerosis and subsequently clinically overt CVD.

背景与目标： 类风湿关节炎（RA）的特征在于炎症和心血管疾病（CVD）的风险增加。这项研究调查了CVD与RA中使用传统疾病缓解风湿药（DMARDs）之间的可能联系。使用病例对照设计，研究了613名RA患者（5,649患者-年），其中72例患有CVD，541例没有CVD。从RA诊断到首次心血管事件或随访期结束，评估了RA，CVD和药物治疗的数据。数据集根据DMARD使用进行了分类：柳氮磺胺吡啶（SSZ），羟氯喹（HCQ）或甲氨蝶呤（MTX）。每个DMARD组均计算出经年龄，性别，吸烟和RA持续时间校正后的CVD的赔率（OR）。从未使用过SSZ，HCQ或MTX的患者被用作参考组。 MTX治疗可显着降低CVD风险，OR为（95％CI）：“仅MTX”，0.16（0.04至0.66）； ``MTX和SSZ曾经''，0.20（0.08至0.51）;和“ MTX，SSZ和HCQ”，0.20（0.08至0.54）。在对类风湿因子和糜烂的存在进行了进一步校正后，风险降低仍然很显着。在校正了高血压，糖尿病和高胆固醇血症后，“曾经有过MTX或SSZ”以及“曾经有过MTX，SSZ和HCQ”显示出可显着降低CVD风险。类风湿因子阳性和糜烂均增加了CVD的风险，OR分别为2.04（1.02至4.07）和2.36（0.92至6.08）。与从未使用过SSZ，HCQ或MTX的RA患者相比，MTX和较小程度的SSZ与较低的CVD风险相关。我们假设使用DMARD，尤其是使用MTX可以有效抑制炎症，从而减少动脉粥样硬化的发展，进而减少临床上明显的CVD的发生。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The intricate problems associated with the delivery and various unnecessary in vivo transitions of proteins and drugs needs to be tackled soon to be able to exploit the myriad of putative therapeutics created by the biotechnology boom. Nanomedicine is one of the most promising applications of nanotechnology in the field of medicine. It has been defined as the monitoring, repair, construction and control of human biological systems at the molecular level using engineered nanodevices and nanostructures. These nanostructured medicines will eventually turn the world of drug delivery upside down. PEGylation (i.e. the attachment of polyethylene glycol to proteins and drugs) is an upcoming methodology for drug development and it has the potential to revolutionise medicine by drastically improving the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the administered drug. This article provides a total strategy for improving the therapeutic efficacy of various biotechnological products in drug delivery. This article also presents an extensive analysis of most of the PEGylated proteins, peptides and drugs, together with extensive clinical data. Nanomedicines and PEGylation, the latest offshoots of nanotechnology will definitely pave a way in the field of drug delivery where targeted delivery, formulation, in vivo stability and retention are the major challenges.

背景与目标： ：与蛋白质和药物的递送以及各种不必要的体内过渡相关的复杂问题需要尽快解决，以便能够利用由生物技术繁荣发展而来的无数推定疗法。纳米医学是纳米技术在医学领域最有前途的应用之一。它已被定义为使用工程化的纳米器件和纳米结构在分子水平上监测，修复，构建和控制人类生物系统。这些纳米结构药物最终将颠覆药物输送的世界。聚乙二醇化（即聚乙二醇与蛋白质和药物的连接）是药物开发的一种新方法，它具有通过彻底改善所给药药物的药代动力学和药效学性质来革新药物的潜力。本文提供了用于提高各种生物技术产品在药物输送中的治疗功效的总体策略。本文还对大多数PEG化的蛋白质，肽和药物进行了广泛的分析，并提供了广泛的临床数据。纳米药物和聚乙二醇化是纳米技术的最新分支，无疑将在药物递送领域铺平道路，在这些领域中，靶向递送，制剂，体内稳定性和保留性是主要挑战。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The purpose of the present research is to establish a novel nanosizing technique starting from wet nano-milling, named "dry nanosuspension" technique for poorly water-soluble drugs. The spray freeze-drying (SFD) method was applied instead of the spray-drying one previously developed. Drug particles were milled in the aqueous solution of dispersing agents using an oscillating beads-milling apparatus. The milled nanosuspension was sprayed to the surface of liquid nitrogen, and the resultant iced droplets were freeze-dried to obtain the powdery product. The loading ratio of a dispersing agent was investigated to enhance its redispersing property. Dry nanosuspension, which could be spontaneously dispersed into original nanosuspension in water, was obtained by SFD process. It was assumed that self dispersion property would be attributed to its structure with porous network, in which the primary milled drug crystals were embedded. Such unique structure contributed greatly to immediate release behaviors of the drug in gastrointestinal buffered media. These pharmaceutical properties were enhanced by increasing the ratio of the dispersing agent to the drug and the solid content in suspension to be sprayed. The present technique via wet milling and spray freeze-drying processes would be a novel dissolution-enhanced technology for poorly water-soluble drugs.

背景与目标： ：本研究的目的是建立一种从湿法纳米研磨开始的新型纳米技术，该技术被称为“干纳米悬浮”技术，用于水溶性差的药物。应用喷雾冷冻干燥（SFD）方法代替先前开发的喷雾干燥方法。使用振荡珠磨设备在分散剂的水溶液中研磨药物颗粒。将研磨后的纳米悬浮液喷雾至液氮表面，并将所得的冰滴冷冻干燥，以获得粉状产物。为了提高分散剂的再分散性，对分散剂的负载率进行了研究。通过SFD工艺获得了可以自发分散在水中的纳米悬浮液的干燥纳米悬浮液。假定自分散性归因于其具有多孔网络的结构，其中嵌入了原始研磨的药物晶体。这种独特的结构极大地促进了药物在胃肠缓冲介质中的立即释放行为。通过增加分散剂与药物的比例和待喷雾悬浮液中的固体含量，可以提高这些药物的性能。通过湿磨和喷雾冷冻干燥方法的本技术将是用于水溶性差的药物的新型溶解增强技术。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Little evidence or advice exists in the medical literature on 'medical kit' that could be usefully carried by physicians to prepare them for unexpected emergencies. The aim of this study was to establish what, in the opinion of Emergency Physicians, is an appropriate medical kit for doctors to carry to prepare them for 'Good Samaritan' acts. A telephone survey, using a proforma, of United Kingdom Emergency Physicians was conducted. Of the responders to the survey, 10% routinely undertook prehospital work. Seventy-two percent thought it appropriate to carry equipment, but only 43% thought it appropriate to carry medications. Over 80% considered basic airway equipment useful to carry, whereas other items of medical kit were considered appropriate much less commonly. A large proportion of emergency physicians consider it appropriate to carry some medical kit for 'Good Samaritan' acts and, in general, the consensus of opinion as to what medical kit should be carried agreed with the evidence-base for prehospital interventions.

背景与目标： ：在医学文献中，关于“医疗工具包”的证据或建议很少，医师可以有用地为他们准备以应对突发事件。这项研究的目的是确定急诊医师认为什么是适合医生随身携带的医疗工具箱，以使他们为“好撒玛利亚人”行为做好准备。使用形式表对英国急诊医师进行了电话调查。在接受调查的受访者中，有10％的人定期进行院前工作。 72％的人认为适合携带设备，但只有43％的人认为适合携带药物。超过80％的人认为基本的呼吸道设备可用于携带，而其他医疗用品则不太合适。大部分急诊医生认为为“好撒玛利亚人”行为携带一些医疗箱是合适的，并且一般而言，对于应该携带哪种医疗箱的意见与院前干预的证据基础相一致。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This paper updates the treatment of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis supported by relevant views about the pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS:Building on the thesis that Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis are due to dermal cell apoptosis, molecular pathways that may lead to this have been proposed. Intravenous immunoglobulin is postulated to block apoptosis via the Fas pathway. Most series on the use of intravenous immunoglobulin in toxic epidermal necrolysis have been favourable. Tumour necrosis factor is also thought to be an important mediator of cell death in toxic epidermal necrolysis. There was impressive control of the progression of toxic epidermal necrolysis with intravenous anti-tumour necrosis factor antibody infliximab in two cases. Strong associations between human leukocyte antigen subtypes and severe cutaneous reactions due to allopurinol and carbamazepine have been described. SUMMARY:To date, there is no established treatment of Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis. With advancing knowledge of the pathogenesis, it is hoped that better forms of treatment may result.

背景与目标： 审查目的：本文更新了史蒂文斯-约翰逊综合征和中毒性表皮坏死溶解的治疗方法，并提供了有关发病机理的相关观点。
最近的发现：在史蒂文斯-约翰逊综合征和中毒性表皮坏死溶解是由于真皮细胞凋亡所致的论点的基础上，已经提出了可能导致这种情况的分子途径。假定静脉内免疫球蛋白可通过Fas途径阻断细胞凋亡。关于在有毒的表皮坏死溶解中使用静脉注射免疫球蛋白的大多数系列都是有利的。肿瘤坏死因子也被认为是毒性表皮坏死溶解过程中细胞死亡的重要介质。静脉注射抗肿瘤坏死因子抗体英夫利昔单抗对毒性表皮坏死溶解的进展有令人印象深刻的控制，其中有2例。已经描述了人白细胞抗原亚型与别嘌呤醇和卡马西平引起的严重皮肤反应之间的强关联。
摘要：迄今为止，尚无史蒂文斯-约翰逊综合征/毒性表皮坏死溶解的既定治疗方法。随着对发病机理的深入了解，希望可以产生更好的治疗形式。