• 【利用非洲森林象的遗传图谱推断加蓬保护和发展景观中的种群结构,运动和栖息地使用情况。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/cobi.12161 复制DOI
    作者列表:Eggert LS,Buij R,Lee ME,Campbell P,Dallmeier F,Fleischer RC,Alonso A,Maldonado JE
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Conservation of wide-ranging species, such as the African forest elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis), depends on fully protected areas and multiple-use areas (MUA) that provide habitat connectivity. In the Gamba Complex of Protected Areas in Gabon, which includes 2 national parks separated by a MUA containing energy and forestry concessions, we studied forest elephants to evaluate the importance of the MUA to wide-ranging species. We extracted DNA from elephant dung samples and used genetic information to identify over 500 individuals in the MUA and the parks. We then examined patterns of nuclear microsatellites and mitochondrial control-region sequences to infer population structure, movement patterns, and habitat use by age and sex. Population structure was weak but significant, and differentiation was more pronounced during the wet season. Within the MUA, males were more strongly associated with open habitats, such as wetlands and savannas, than females during the dry season. Many of the movements detected within and between seasons involved the wetlands and bordering lagoons. Our results suggest that the MUA provides year-round habitat for some elephants and additional habitat for others whose primary range is in the parks. With the continuing loss of roadless wilderness areas in Central Africa, well-managed MUAs will likely be important to the conservation of wide-ranging species.
    背景与目标: :保护广泛的物种,例如非洲森林象(Loxodonta cyclotis),取决于提供栖息地连通性的完全保护区和多用途区(MUA)。在加蓬保护区甘巴保护区(包括2个国家公园,由含有能源和林业特许权的MUA隔开),我们研究了森林象,以评估MUA对广泛物种的重要性。我们从大象粪便样本中提取了DNA,并利用遗传信息识别了MUA和公园中的500多个个体。然后,我们检查了核微卫星和线粒体控制区序列的模式,以按年龄和性别推断种群结构,移动模式和栖息地使用情况。人口结构薄弱但重要,并且在雨季分化更加明显。在MUA内,在旱季,雄性与湿地和热带稀树草原等开放栖息地的联系要强于雌性。在季节内和季节间发现的许多运动都涉及湿地和毗邻的泻湖。我们的研究结果表明,MUA为某些大象提供了全年栖息地,为主要分布在公园内的其他大象提供了额外的栖息地。随着中部非洲无路荒野地区的持续流失,管理完善的MUA对保护范围广泛的物种可能很重要。
  • 【蝙蝠是加蓬的金黄色葡萄球菌复合物稀有库。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.meegid.2016.11.022 复制DOI
    作者列表:Held J,Gmeiner M,Mordmüller B,Matsiégui PB,Schaer J,Eckerle I,Weber N,Matuschewski K,Bletz S,Schaumburg F
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The colonization of afro-tropical wildlife with Staphylococcus aureus and the derived clade Staphylococcus schweitzeri remains largely unknown. A reservoir in bats could be of importance since bats and humans share overlapping habitats. In addition, bats are food sources in some African regions and can be the cause of zoonotic diseases. Here, we present a cross-sectional survey employing pharyngeal swabs of captured and released bats (n=133) in a forest area of Gabon. We detected low colonization rates of S. aureus (4-6%) and S. schweitzeri (4%) in two out of four species of fruit bats, namely Rousettus aegyptiacus and Micropteropus pusillus, but not in insectivorous bats. Multilocus sequence typing showed that S. aureus from Gabonese bats (ST2984, ST3259, ST3301, ST3302) were distinct from major African human associated clones (ST15, ST121, ST152). S. schweitzeri from bats (ST1697, ST1700) clustered with S. schweitzeri from other species (bats, monkeys) from Nigeria and Côte d'Ivoire. In conclusion, colonization rates of bats with S. aureus and S. schweitzeri were low in our study. Phylogenetic analysis supports an intense geographical dispersal of S. schweitzeri among different mammalian wildlife hosts.
    背景与目标: 金黄色葡萄球菌和衍生的枝状葡萄球菌schweitzeri对亚热带野生生物的定殖仍然是未知的。由于蝙蝠和人类共享重叠的栖息地,蝙蝠中的水库可能很重要。此外,蝙蝠是某些非洲地区的食物来源,并且可能是人畜共患病的原因。在这里,我们介绍了一项横断面调查,该调查采用了在加蓬森林地区捕获和释放的蝙蝠(n = 133)的咽拭子。我们在四种果蝠中发现了金黄色葡萄球菌(4-6%)和瑞氏链球菌(4%)的低定殖率,这四种果蝠分别是埃及伊士鲁埃特氏菌和小粉虱,但在食虫蝙蝠中却没有。多基因座序列分型显示,来自加蓬蝙蝠的金黄色葡萄球菌(ST2984,ST3259,ST3301,ST3302)与非洲主要的人类相关克隆(ST15,ST121,ST152)不同。来自蝙蝠(S1697,ST1700)的S. schweitzeri与来自尼日利亚和科特迪瓦的其他物种(蝙蝠,猴子)的S. schweitzeri聚在一起。总之,在我们的研究中,金黄色葡萄球菌和schweitzeri蝙蝠的定殖率很低。系统发育分析支持瑞氏链球菌在不同哺乳动物野生动植物宿主之间的强烈地理分布。
  • 【1965年描述了来自加蓬东北部的两种新的Hylopanchax Poll&Lambert微型物种(Cyprinodontiformes:Procatopodidae),并根据形态,色泽和骨病学对该属进行了更新诊断。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/jfb.14606 复制DOI
    作者列表:Bragança PHN,van der Zee JR,Sonnenberg R,Vreven EJWMN
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Two new species of the lampeye genus Hylopanchax are described from the Ivindo River basin in the Ogowe River drainage. Hylopanchax multisquamatus, new species, and Hylopanchax thysi, new species, differ from congeners by the presence of a hyaline urogenital male papilla with small black spots and a dark-brown reticulate pattern on the flanks of both males and females in preserved specimens. Hylopanchax multisquamatus is distinguished from congeners by the number of scales on the mid-longitudinal series (27-30 vs. 19-26, respectively) and by the relative anterior/posterior flank scale depth ratio (140%-150% vs. 170%-220%). Hylopanchax thysi is distinguished from all other congeners, except Hylopanchax paucisquamatus, by the presence of vertebrae (30 vs. 31-33) and is further distinguished from H. multisquamatus by the presence of a deeper caudal peduncle and much larger anterior flank scales. It is distinguished from H. paucisquamatus by the presence of a hyaline urogenital male papilla with small black spots and a dark-brown reticulate pattern on the flanks of both males and females in preserved specimens. Osteological data of Hylopanchax are presented for the first time, and an updated diagnosis based on external morphology, colouration pattern and osteology is provided. An osteological comparison with closely related species belonging to the genera Procatopus, Hypsopanchax and "Hypsopanchax" is presented. (a) A truncate and slightly downward-directed anterior process of the angulo-articular and (b) a guitar-shaped lachrymal with both its anterior and posterior margins sharply curved are here considered as diagnostic features of Hylopanchax.
    背景与目标: :从Ogowe河流域的Ivindo河流域描述了灯眼眼属Hylopanchax的两个新种。 Hyquapanchax multisquamatus(新物种)和Hyhypanchax thysi(新物种)与同类动物不同,在保存标本中存在透明的泌尿生殖系统雄性乳头,该雌性乳头上有小黑点,并且在雌雄双方的侧面都有棕褐色网状图案。鳞翅目与中同类动物的区别在于纵向纵向系列的鳞片数量(分别为27-30与19-26)和相对的前/后胁腹鳞片深度比(140%-150%与170%) -220%)。 thyhypanchax thysi因存在椎骨而与所有其他同类动物(除了Hylopanchax paucisquamatus有所区别)(30 vs. 31-33),并由于存在较深的尾柄和更大的前胁鳞而与多鳞H.区别开来。在保存标本中,有透明的泌尿生殖器雄性乳头具有小黑点,并且在雌雄双方的侧面都有深褐色的网状图案,因此它与丘脑锥虫区别开来。首次展示了Hylopanchax的骨学数据,并提供了基于外部形态学,着色模式和骨学的最新诊断。提出了与属于Procatopus,Hypsopanchax和“ Hypsopanchax”属的密切相关物种的骨学比较。 (a)踝关节的截断和略向下指向的前突,以及(b)前缘和后缘都急剧弯曲的吉他状泪小管在这里被认为是Hypanpanx的诊断特征。
  • 【来自加蓬的半免疫成年人和接触疟疾的儿童的抗体识别恶性疟原虫成熟的配子体感染的红细胞。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1186/s12936-017-1827-7 复制DOI
    作者列表:Gebru T,Ajua A,Theisen M,Esen M,Ngoa UA,Issifou S,Adegnika AA,Kremsner PG,Mordmüller B,Held J
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Transmission of malaria from man to mosquito depends on the presence of gametocytes, the sexual stage of Plasmodium parasites in the infected host. Naturally acquired antibodies against gametocytes exist and may play a role in controlling transmission by limiting the gametocyte development in the circulation or by interrupting gamete development and fertilization in the mosquito following ingestion. So far, most studies on antibody responses to sexual stage antigens have focused on a subset of gametocyte-surface antigens, even though inhibitory Ab responses to other gametocyte antigens might also play a role in controlling gametocyte density and fertility. Limited information is available on natural antibody response to the surfaces of gametocyte-infected erythrocytes. METHODS:Ab responses to surface antigens of erythrocytes infected by in vitro differentiated Plasmodium falciparum mature gametocytes were investigated in sera of semi-immune adults and malaria-exposed children. In addition, the effect of immunization with GMZ2, a blood stage malaria vaccine candidate, and the effect of intestinal helminth infection on the development of immunity to gametocytes of P. falciparum was evaluated in malaria-exposed children and adults from Gabon. Serum samples from two Phase I clinical trials conducted in Gabon were analysed by microscopic and flow-cytometric immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS:Adults had a higher Ab response compared to children. Ab reactivity was significantly higher after fixation and permeabilization of parasitized erythrocytes. Following vaccination with the malaria vaccine candidate GMZ2, anti-gametocyte Ab concentration decreased in adults compared to baseline. Ab response to whole asexual stage antigens had a significant but weak positive correlation to anti-gametocyte Ab responses in adults, but not in children. Children infected with Ascaris lumbricoides had a significantly higher anti-gametocyte Ab response compared to non-infected children. CONCLUSION:The current data suggest that antigens exposed on the gametocyte-infected red blood cells are recognized by serum antibodies from malaria-exposed children and semi-immune adults. This anti-gametocyte immune response may be influenced by natural exposure and vaccination. Modulation of the natural immune response to gametocytes by co-infecting parasites should be investigated further and may have an important impact on malaria control strategies.
    背景与目标: 背景:疟疾从人到蚊子的传播取决于配子细胞的存在,即被感染宿主中疟原虫的性生活阶段。存在天然获得的针对配子体的抗体,并且可以通过限制循环中配子体的发育或在摄入后中断蚊子的配子的发育和受精来控制传播。迄今为止,尽管对其他配子体抗原的抑制性抗体应答也可能在控制配子体密度和繁殖力中起作用,但大多数对性阶段抗原的抗体反应的研究都集中在配子体表面抗原的一个子集上。关于对配子体感染的红细胞表面的天然抗体反应的信息有限。
    方法:在半免疫的成年人和患有疟疾的儿童血清中,研究了体外分化的恶性疟原虫成熟配体细胞感染的红细胞对表面抗原的Ab应答。此外,在加蓬的疟疾接触儿童和成年人中,评估了血液候选疟疾疫苗候选者GMZ2的免疫接种以及肠道蠕虫感染对恶性疟原虫配子体免疫发展的影响。通过显微镜和流式细胞术免疫荧光分析法分析了在加蓬进行的两项I期临床试验的血清样品。
    结果:与儿童相比,成人的Ab反应更高。固定和通透性寄生红细胞后,抗体反应性显着更高。与疟疾疫苗候选株GMZ2一起接种疫苗后,成年人的抗配子体抗体浓度与基线水平相比有所降低。在成年人中,对整个无性阶段抗原的抗体应答与抗配子体抗体应答具有显着但弱的正相关性,而在儿童中却没有。与未感染的儿童相比,感染了A虫的儿童的抗配子体抗体应答显着更高。
    结论:目前的数据表明暴露于经配子体感染的红细胞上的抗原被暴露于疟疾的儿童和半免疫成年人的血清抗体识别。这种抗配子体免疫反应可能受到自然暴露和疫苗接种的影响。应进一步研究通过共感染寄生虫对配子细胞的天然免疫应答的调节,这可能对疟疾控制策略产生重要影响。
  • 【[双重锥虫体下陈腐揭示了居住在加蓬的一名法国人中的西非锥虫病]。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.annder.2008.09.023 复制DOI
    作者列表:Hope-Rapp E,Moussa Coulibaly O,Klement E,Danis M,Bricaire F,Caumes E
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), an endemic disease, is currently reemerging in Africa with an estimated incidence of 45,000 new cases per year. It is caused by Trypanosoma brucei subspecies and transmitted by day-biting tsetse flies. PATIENTS AND METHODS:We report a case of West African trypanosomiasis due to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense involving a Frenchman living in Libreville, Gabon. The patient presented with fever and polyadenopathies as well as two skin ulcerations highly suggestive of trypanosomiasis. Microscopic examination of cutaneous and peripheral blood smears confirmed the diagnosis of haemolymphatic infection with T. b. gambiense with trypanosomal chancres. Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid was normal. The patient was successfully treated with pentamidine isethionate. CONCLUSIONS:Recognition of cutaneous manifestations may allow a rapid diagnosis of African trypanosomiasis that is essential for timely and efficient treatment and survival.
    背景与目标: 背景:人类锥虫病(昏睡病)是一种地方性疾病,目前正在非洲重新流行,估计每年发生45,000例新病例。它是由布鲁氏锥虫亚种引起的,并且是由叮咬的采采蝇传播的。
    病人和方法:我们报告了一例西非锥虫病,该病例是由法国人居住在加蓬利伯维尔的布鲁氏锥虫引起的。该患者出现发烧,多腺病以及两次皮肤溃疡,强烈提示锥虫病。皮肤和外周血涂片的显微镜检查证实了T. b的血淋巴感染的诊断。甘菊与锥虫性小结。脑脊液检查正常。该患者已成功使用喷他is乙羟乙磺酸盐治疗。
    结论:认识到皮肤表现可能可以快速诊断非洲锥虫病,这对于及时有效的治疗和生存至关重要。
  • 【克林霉素与奎宁联合在加蓬一个乡村药房中治疗单纯性疟疾的疗效。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1046/j.1365-3156.1997.d01-411.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Vaillant M,Millet P,Luty A,Tshopamba P,Lekoulou F,Mayombo J,Georges AJ,Deloron P
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: The efficacy of a 3-day clindamycin-quinine regimen to treat clinical malaria attacks was investigated in 256 children from western Gabon. Treatment was well tolerated by all of the children and its efficacy was higher than 97% by day 20. Thus this 3-day clindamycin-quinine regimen might constitute a potential alternative to chloroquine for treating clinical malarial attacks in children from Gabon.

    背景与目标: 在来自加蓬西部的256名儿童中研究了为期3天的克林霉素-奎宁方案治疗临床疟疾的疗效。所有儿童对这种疗法的耐受性都很好,到20天时其疗效已超过97%。因此,这种3天的克林霉素-奎宁方案可能替代氯喹,用于治疗加蓬儿童的临床疟疾。
  • 【加蓬的两种野生加拉戈物种中胃肠道寄生虫的多样性和患病率。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.meegid.2018.04.035 复制DOI
    作者列表:Boundenga L,Moussadji C,Mombo IM,Ngoubangoye B,Lekana-Douki JB,Hugot JP
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In this study, we characterize the diversity and estimated infection levels of gastrointestinal parasites circulating in two galago species, Galago demidoff and G. thomasi in two sites situated in the Southeastern forests of Gabon. Our study reveals that eleven parasites including nine helminthes (Ascaris spp., Ankylostoma spp., Dicrocoelium spp., Gongylonema spp., Oesophagostomum spp., Lemuricola spp., Strongyloides spp. Trichostrongylus spp. and Trichuris spp.) and two protozoans (Balantidium spp. and Entamoeba spp.) may infect Galago spp. with high infection rates. The results show that: a very similar parasite spectrum is found in both host species; all the taxa identified were previously observed in other Primate species and/or Man. They also show that age, gender and forest type may influence infection rates and/or parasite diversity found in a particular host and/or geographic area.
    背景与目标: :在这项研究中,我们描述了在加蓬东南森林中两个地点的两个加拉戈物种加拉戈·德米多夫和托马斯·G。thomasi中循环的胃肠道寄生虫的多样性和估计的感染水平。我们的研究揭示了11种寄生虫,其中包括9种蠕虫(A虫属,脚突动物属,双囊纲属,弓形纲属,食管造口菌属,Lemuricola属,Strongyloides属,Trichostrongylus spp。和Trichustrongylus spp。和Trichustrongylus spp。和Trichustrongylus spp。和Trichustrongylus spp。和Trichustrongylus spp。(三毛)。菌和Entamoeba菌)可能会感染Galago菌。感染率很高。结果表明:在两种寄主物种中都发现了非常相似的寄生虫谱;先前在其他灵长类和/或人类中观察到的所有分类单元。他们还表明年龄,性别和森林类型可能会影响在特定宿主和/或地理区域中发现的感染率和/或寄生虫多样性。
  • 【Lp(a)/ apo(a)系统的遗传学,来自加蓬的本地黑人非洲人口。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201512 复制DOI
    作者列表:Schmidt K,Kraft HG,Parson W,Utermann G
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Plasma lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is a quantitative trait associated with atherothrombotic disease in European and Asian populations. Lp(a) concentrations vary widely within and between populations, with Africans exhibiting on average two- to threefold higher Lp(a) levels and a different distribution compared to Europeans. The apo(a) gene locus on chromosome 6q26-27 (LPA, MIM 152200) has been identified as the major quantitative trait locus (QTL) for Lp(a) concentrations in Europeans and populations of African descent (North American and South African Blacks) but data on autochthonous Black Africans are lacking.Here, we have analysed Lp(a) plasma concentrations, apo(a) isoforms in plasma and four polymorphisms in the LPA gene in 31 African families with 54 children from Gabon. Weighted midparent-offspring regression estimated a heritability h2=0.76. The correlation of Lp(a) levels associated with LPA alleles identical by descent (IBD) resulted in a heritability estimate of 0.801. Our data demonstrate that Lp(a) concentrations are highly heritable in a Central African population without admixture and high Lp(a) (median 43 mg/dl). LPA is the major QTL, explaining most or all of the heritability of Lp(a) in this population.
    背景与目标: :血浆脂蛋白(a)(Lp(a))是与欧洲和亚洲人群中的动脉粥样硬化血栓形成疾病相关的定量性状。 Lp(a)浓度在人群内部和人群之间差异很大,与欧洲人相比,非洲人的Lp(a)水平平均高出2到3倍,分布也有所不同。染色体6q26-27(LPA,MIM 152200)上的apo(a)基因基因座已被确定为欧洲人和非洲人后裔(北美和南非黑人)Lp(a)浓度的主要定量性状基因座(QTL) ),但缺乏有关当地黑人非洲人的数据。在此,我们分析了31个非洲家庭(有54名加蓬儿童)的血浆Lp(a)血浆浓度,血浆apo(a)亚型以及LPA基因的四个多态性。加权的中父母-后代回归估计遗传力h2 = 0.76。与血统相同的LPA等位基因相关的Lp(a)水平的相关性(IBD)导致遗传度估计为0.801。我们的数据表明,Lp(a)的浓度在没有混合和高Lp(a)(中值43 mg / dl)的中非人群中是高度可遗传的。 LPA是主要的QTL,解释了该人群Lp(a)的大部分或全部遗传力。
  • 【Bathymodiolus sp。的双重共生。来自加蓬大陆边缘(东南大西洋)的甲烷渗流引起的贻贝:16S rRNA系统发生和g中共生体的分布。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1128/AEM.71.4.1694-1700.2005 复制DOI
    作者列表:Duperron S,Nadalig T,Caprais JC,Sibuet M,Fiala-Médioni A,Amann R,Dubilier N
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Deep-sea mussels of the genus Bathymodiolus (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) harbor symbiotic bacteria in their gills and are among the dominant invertebrate species at cold seeps and hydrothermal vents. An undescribed Bathymodiolus species was collected at a depth of 3,150 m in a newly discovered cold seep area on the southeast Atlantic margin, close to the Zaire channel. Transmission electron microscopy, comparative 16S rRNA analysis, and fluorescence in situ hybridization indicated that this Bathymodiolus sp. lives in a dual symbiosis with sulfide- and methane-oxidizing bacteria. A distinct distribution pattern of the symbiotic bacteria in the gill epithelium was observed, with the thiotrophic symbiont dominating the apical region and the methanotrophic symbiont more abundant in the basal region of the bacteriocytes. No variations in this distribution pattern or in the relative abundances of the two symbionts were observed in mussels collected from three different mussel beds with methane concentrations ranging from 0.7 to 33.7 microM. The 16S rRNA sequence of the methanotrophic symbiont is most closely related to those of known methanotrophic symbionts from other bathymodiolid mussels. Surprisingly, the thiotrophic Bathymodiolus sp. 16S rRNA sequence does not fall into the monophyletic group of sequences from thiotrophic symbionts of all other Bathymodiolus hosts. While these mussel species all come from vents, this study describes the first thiotrophic sequence from a seep mussel and shows that it is most closely related (99% sequence identity) to an environmental clone sequence obtained from a hydrothermal plume near Japan.
    背景与目标: :Bathymodiolus(Bivalvia:Mytilidae)属的深海贻贝在其g中带有共生细菌,并且在冷渗漏和热液喷口处是主要的无脊椎动物。在3,150 m的深度处,在东南大西洋边缘的一个新发现的冷渗漏区(靠近扎伊尔河道),收集了一个未描述的比目鱼种类。透射电镜,比较16S rRNA分析和荧光原位杂交表明,该比毛菌属。生活在与硫化物和甲烷氧化细菌的双重共生中。观察到the共生细菌在the上皮细胞中有明显的分布模式,其中硫营养型共生菌占根尖区,而甲烷营养型共生菌在细菌细胞的基底区更丰富。在从三个不同的贻贝床收集的贻贝中,甲烷浓度范围为0.7至33.7 microM的贻贝中,未观察到这种分布模式或两个共生体的相对丰度的变化。甲烷营养共生体的16S rRNA序列与已知的其他营养双歧贻贝的甲烷营养共生体的16S rRNA序列最密切相关。出人意料的是,硫营养型Bathymodiolus sp。 16S rRNA序列不属于所有其他嗜水梭菌宿主的硫营养共生体的单系序列。虽然这些贻贝物种全部来自通风孔,但这项研究描述了渗水贻贝的第一个硫营养序列,并表明它与从日本附近的热液羽流获得的环境克隆序列最密切相关(99%序列同一性)。
  • 【加蓬的恶性疟原虫分离株的DHFR和DHPS基因型与乙胺嘧啶和环鸟嘌呤的体外活性相关,但与磺胺多辛-乙胺嘧啶的治疗功效无关。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1093/jac/dkg294 复制DOI
    作者列表:Aubouy A,Jafari S,Huart V,Migot-Nabias F,Mayombo J,Durand R,Bakary M,Le Bras J,Deloron P
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:To assess the relationship between the presence of DHFR and DHPS mutations in Plasmodium falciparum, parasite in vitro resistance, and in vivo efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Measurement of SP treatment efficacy in malaria-infected children in Gabon was combined with in vitro tests of susceptibility to pyrimethamine and cycloguanil, and molecular genotyping at several DHFR and DHPS loci of parasites isolated before treatment. DHFR was studied at codons 108, 51, and 59, whereas DHPS gene was typed at positions 436, 437, 540 and 581. RESULTS:SP treatment was effective in 86% of children by day 28. Seventy-five percent of isolates were in vitro resistant to pyrimethamine and 65.5% to cycloguanil. No mutation was detected at codons 540 and 581 of the DHPS gene. Most isolates (71.8%) presented with the triple mutant DHFR genotype, whereas 64.3% combined at least three DHFR and one DHPS mutations. The increase in the number of DHFR mutations was associated with an increase in in vitro resistance to pyrimethamine and cycloguanil; three DHFR mutations conferred pyrimethamine and to a lesser extent cycloguanil resistance. Treatment failures only occurred with isolates presenting at least two DHFR mutations (S108N and C59R) and one DHPS mutation (S436A or A437G), but SP treatment of infections with such parasites gave treatment success in 82.0% of children. CONCLUSIONS:DHFR mutations that lead to high-level in vitro resistance to pyrimethamine plus 1-2 DHPS mutations are not sufficient to induce in vivo failure of SP treatment in young children from Gabon.
    背景与目标: 目的:评估恶性疟原虫中DHFR和DHPS突变的存在,寄生虫的体外抗药性以及磺胺多辛-乙胺嘧啶(SP)治疗的体内疗效之间的关系。
    病人和方法:结合加蓬疟原虫的体外测试,对乙胺嘧啶和环鸟嘌呤的敏感性以及在治疗前分离出的几个寄生虫的DHFR和DHPS位点的分子基因分型,结合SP治疗效果的测量。 DHFR在密码子108、51和59上进行了研究,而DHPS基因在436、437、540和581位进行分型。
    结果:到28天,SP治疗对86%的儿童有效。75%的分离株对乙胺嘧啶具有体外抗药性,对环鸟嘌呤有65.5%的抗药性。在DHPS基因的密码子540和581处未检测到突变。大多数分离株(71.8%)表现出三重突变DHFR基因型,而64.3%结合了至少三个DHFR和一个DHPS突变。 DHFR突变数目的增加与体外对乙胺嘧啶和环鸟嘌呤的抗性增加有关。三个DHFR突变赋予了乙胺嘧啶,并在较小程度上赋予了环鸟嘌呤耐药性。只有出现至少两个DHFR突变(S108N和C59R)和一个DHPS突变(S436A或A437G)的分离株才发生治疗失败,但是SP感染这种寄生虫的感染使82.0%的儿童获得治疗成功。
    结论:导致高水平的体外对乙胺嘧啶抗性的DHFR突变加上1-2 DHPS突变不足以诱发加蓬幼儿SP治疗的体内失败。
  • 【在加蓬的两个国家公园中,食血性蝇类(G科,Stomoxys和Tabanidae)的分布和丰富度。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1051/parasite/2015023 复制DOI
    作者列表:Bitome Essono PY,Dechaume-Moncharmont FX,Mavoungou J,Obiang Mba R,Duvallet G,Bretagnolle F
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In order to minimize risks of pathogen transmission with the development of ecotourism in Gabon, a seasonal inventory has been performed in five contrasted biotopes in Ivindo (INP) and Moukalaba-Doudou (MDNP) National Parks. A total of 10,033 hematophagous flies were captured. The Glossinidae, with six different species identified, was the most abundant group and constitutes about 60% of the captured flies compared to the Stomoxys (6 species also identified) and Tabanidae with 28% and 12%, respectively. The Glossinidae showed a higher rate of capture in primary forest and in research camps. In INP, the Stomoxys showed a higher rate of capture in secondary forest and at village borders, whereas in MDNP the Stomoxys were captured more in the savannah area. Thus, each fly group seemed to reach maximum abundance in different habitats. The Glossinidae were more abundant in primary forest and near research camps while Stomoxys were more abundant in secondary forest and savannah. The Tabanidae did not show a clear habitat preference.
    背景与目标: :为了在加蓬进行生态旅游的过程中将病原体传播的风险降到最低,已在伊文多(INP)和穆卡巴拉巴-杜杜(MDNP)国家公园的五个形成鲜明对比的生物群落中进行了季节性调查。总共捕获了10,033个食血蝇。识别出六个不同物种的鹰嘴豆科是最丰富的一类,占被捕获苍蝇的约60%,而Stomoxys(也鉴定出六个物种)和Tabanidae分别占28%和12%。 loss科在原始森林和研究营地中的捕获率更高。在INP中,Stomoxys在次生森林和村庄边界的捕获率更高,而在MDNP中,Stomoxys在大草原地区的捕获率更高。因此,每个苍蝇群似乎在不同的生境中达到最大的丰度。在原始森林和研究营地附近,牛舌科更为丰富,而次生森林和大草原中的Stomoxys则更为丰富。 an科没有明显的栖息地偏好。
  • 【1992年至1998年,加蓬Lambaréné的恶性疟原虫对氯喹的抗药性下降。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Schwenke A,Brandts C,Philipps J,Winkler S,Wernsdorfer WH,Kremsner PG
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: Plasmodium falciparum malaria continues to threaten human populations in the tropics and travellers in endemic areas. Drug resistance of the parasite is a major problem in treating this devastating disease. In a prospective trial we investigated the in vitro sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine, quinine and mefloquine in the Albert Schweitzer Hospital in Lambaréné, Gabon every second year from 1992 to 1998. We used the standard WHO in vitro sensitivity assay. Parasite sensitivity to quinine and mefloquine remained stable over the years. However, parasite resistance to chloroquine decreased highly significantly with the change in local malaria treatment policy. In 1992, 100% of parasite isolates showed resistance to chloroquine, whereas in 1998 only 45% were found resistant.

    背景与目标: 恶性疟原虫疟疾继续威胁热带地区的人口和流行地区的旅行者。寄生虫的耐药性是治疗这种破坏性疾病的主要问题。在一项前瞻性试验中,我们从1992年至1998年每隔第二年在加蓬Lambaréné的Albert Schweitzer医院调查了恶性疟原虫对氯喹,奎宁和甲氟喹的体外敏感性。我们使用了标准的WHO体外敏感性测定。这些年来,寄生虫对奎宁和甲氟喹的敏感性保持稳定。但是,随着当地疟疾治疗政策的改变,对氯喹的寄生虫抵抗力大大降低。在1992年,100%的寄生虫分离株显示出对氯喹的抗药性,而在1998年,发现只有45%的抗药性。

  • 【一种新的纤毛螨Syringophiloidus plocei sp。十一月(Prostigmata:Syringophilidae)寄生了加蓬的类盲ce鸟(Passeriformes)-使用形态学和DNA条形码的组合描述。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1515/ap-2016-0075 复制DOI
    作者列表:Glowska E,Broda L,Gebhard CA,Dabert M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :A new species of quill mites (Syringophilidae) Syringophiloidus plocei sp. nov. parasitizing Ploceus cucullatus (St. Muller) (type host), P. aurantius (Vieillot) and P. nigerrimus (Vieillot) (Ploceidae: Passeriformes) in Gabon is described using external morphology and DNA barcode data (the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences (COI) and D1-D3 region of the nuclear 28S rRNA gene). Females of S. plocei sp. nov. differ from S. pseudonigritae Glowska, Dragun-Damian and Dabert, 2012 by the length of setae ag3 190-230 (vs 145-160). The genetic distances (K2P) between COI haplotypes of S. plocei sp. nov. individuals (from P. cucullatus, P. nigerrimus and P. aurantius) and S. pseudonigritae ranges from 13.1-13.7%.
    背景与目标: :一种新的纤毛螨(Syringophilidae)Syringophiloidus plocei sp。十一月使用外部形态学和DNA条码数据(线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基I)描述了加蓬寄生的小古怪Ploceus cucullatus(圣穆勒)(宿主类型),金黄色葡萄球菌(Vieillot)和黑假单胞菌(Vieillot)(Ploceidae:Passeriformes)。序列(COI)和28S rRNA核基因的D1-D3区)。 S. plocei sp。的雌性。十一月与set。ag3 190-230(vs 145-160)的长度不同,与S. pseudonigritae Glowska,Dragun-Damian和Dabert,2012年有所不同。 S. plocei sp。COI单倍型之间的遗传距离(K2P)。十一月个体(来自P. cucullatus,P。nigerrimus和P. aurantius)和S. pseudonigritae的比例为13.1-13.7%。
  • 【加蓬弗朗斯维尔的体外抗疟药敏感性和耐药性分子标记。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1186/1471-2334-12-307 复制DOI
    作者列表:Zatra R,Lekana-douki JB,Lekoulou F,Bisvigou U,Ngoungou EB,Ndouo FS
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Malaria remains a major public health problem, due largely to emergence and widespread P. falciparum drug resistance. WHO recommends artemisinine combination based therapy (ACT) to overcome P. falciparum drug resistance, but reports of declining ACT efficacy have been published. A thorough understanding of the molecular bases of P. falciparum resistance to existing drugs is therefore needed. The aims of this study were to analyze the in vitro sensitivity of P. falciparum field isolates from Franceville, Gabon, to chloroquine (CQ), mefloquine (MF), dihydroartemisinine (DHA) and monodesethylamodiaquine (MDAQ), and to investigate polymorphisms associated with drug resistance. METHODS:We conducted a cross-sectional study of 53 field isolates. Field isolates sensitivity to CQ, MF, DHA and MDAQ was assessed using the colorimetric DELI test. The Pfmdr1 codons 86 and 1246, Pfcrt (haplotype codon 72 to 76) and the PfATPAse6 codons 110 and 2694 were analysed by PCR-RFLP. Associations between drug sensitivity and parasite gene polymorphisms were evaluated with the Chi square test, and routine hematological parameters were analyzed with Fisher's exact test implemented with Epinfo software. In all statistical tests, significance was assumed at p<0.05. RESULTS:A total of 46 P. falciparum isolates were successfully cultured in vitro and their sensitivity was tested. The proportions of isolates resistant to CQ, MF and MDAQ were 43.5%, 23.4% and 56.5%, respectively. Some isolates (23.9%) had DHA IC50 values higher than 10 nM. The median IC50 values were 71.67 (interquartile range (IQR, 1-438.2), 6.59 (IQR, 0.08-96), 64.79 (IQR, 0.09-448) and 6.45 nM (IQR, 0.09-23) for CQ, MF, MDAQ and DHA, respectively. The strongest correlation between diminished DHA sensitivity and MF resistance was observed (r2=0.73), followed by correlation between diminished DHA sensitivity and CQ resistance. Cross-resistance between CQ and MF was also observed. The prevalence of the 86Y and 1246Y mutations in Pfmdr1, 76T in Pfcrt, and 110A and 2694T in PfATPase6 was respectively 42% and 17.1%, 97.8%, and 0% and 22.2%. CONCLUSION:These high levels of antimalarial drug resistance in Franceville, Gabon, call for reinforced surveillance of drug efficacy.
    背景与目标: 背景:疟疾仍然是主要的公共卫生问题,这主要是由于恶性疟原虫耐药性的出现和广泛存在。世卫组织建议以青蒿素为基础的联合疗法(ACT)来克服恶性疟原虫的耐药性,但已发表了有关ACT疗效下降的报道。因此,需要彻底了解恶性疟原虫对现有药物的抗性的分子基础。这项研究的目的是分析来自法国弗朗斯维尔,加蓬的恶性疟原虫野外分离株对氯喹(CQ),甲氟喹(MF),双氢青蒿素(DHA)和单去甲二甲基喹(MDAQ)的体外敏感性,并研究与之相关的多态性。耐药性。
    方法:我们对53个野外分离株进行了横断面研究。使用比色DELI测试评估了现场分离株对CQ,MF,DHA和MDAQ的敏感性。通过PCR-RFLP分析了Pfmdr1密码子86和1246,Pfcrt(单倍型密码子72至76)和PfATPAse6密码子110和2694。用卡方检验评估药物敏感性和寄生虫基因多态性之间的关联,并使用Epinfo软件实施的Fisher精确检验分析常规血液学参数。在所有统计检验中,显着性假设为p <0.05。
    结果:共成功分离出46株恶性疟原虫分离株,并对其敏感性进行了测试。抗CQ,MF和MDAQ的分离株比例分别为43.5%,23.4%和56.5%。一些分离株(23.9%)的DHA IC50值高于10 nM。对于CQ,MF和MDAQ,IC50的中间值分别为71.67(四分位间距(IQR,1-438.2),6.59(IQR,0.08-96),64.79(IQR,0.09-448)和6.45 nM(IQR,0.09-23)分别观察到DHA和DHA灵敏度降低之间的最强相关性(r2 = 0.73),其次是DHA灵敏度降低与CQ电阻之间的相关性,还观察到CQ和MF之间的交叉抗性,86Y的患病率Pfmdr1,Pfcrt中的76T和PfATPase6中的110A和2694T的1246Y和1246Y突变分别为42%和17.1%,97.8%,0%和22.2%。
    结论:在加蓬弗朗斯维尔,这些高水平的抗疟药耐药性要求加强对药物疗效的监测。
  • 【快速的HIV-1 / HIV-2 INSTI在血浆和毛细血管血液中用于血清学诊断非B亚型和循环重组形式的HIV-1在加蓬的表现。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.medmal.2015.05.003 复制DOI
    作者列表:Ndjoyi-Mbiguino A,Nzengui Nzengui GF,Robin L,M'Boyis Kamdem H,Bélec L
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: -2
    背景与目标: -2

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