• 【医护人员治疗的院外心脏骤停的无效性:芬兰坦佩雷的Utstein风格分析。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2007.04.011 复制DOI
    作者列表:Kämäräinen A,Virkkunen I,Yli-Hankala A,Silfvast T
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: AIM:To report prospectively the outcome from prehospital cardiac arrest according to the Utstein template in the city of Tampere, Finland, with special reference to those patients in whom resuscitation was not attempted. MATERIALS AND METHODS:In Tampere (population 203,000), a two-tiered emergency medical service (EMS) system provides first response and basic life support (BLS), supported by advanced life support (ALS) units staffed with nurse-paramedics. We analysed all out-of-hospital cardiac arrests considered for resuscitation during a 12-month period. RESULTS:Of 191 patients with prehospital cardiac arrest, resuscitation was not attempted in 98 patients (51%). Reasons to withhold from resuscitation were estimated futility (97 cases) and a do-not-attempt-resuscitation order (1). Sixty percent of the patients with no resuscitation had secondary signs of death, 97% had asystole as the initial cardiac rhythm and 98% had suffered an unwitnessed cardiac arrest. Resuscitation was successful in 45 of the remaining 93 patients with attempted resuscitation. Twelve patients were discharged (overall survival rate 13%), nine of them with a CPC score of 1 or 2. Fifteen patients were treated with therapeutic hypothermia. Of the bystander-witnessed cardiac arrests with VF as initial rhythm, 29% survived. CONCLUSIONS:The Tampere EMS system initiated resuscitation less frequently than reported from other EMS systems, but the reasons to withhold resuscitation seemed justified. The overall and Utstein's 'golden standard' survival rates were comparable with previous reports.
    背景与目标: 目的:根据芬兰坦佩雷市的Utstein模板前瞻性报告院前心脏骤停的结果,并特别提及未尝试进行复苏的患者。
    材料和方法:在坦佩雷(人口203,000)中,两级紧急医疗服务(EMS)系统提供第一响应和基本生命支持(BLS),并由配备了护士护理人员的高级生命支持(ALS)单位提供支持。我们分析了在12个月内考虑进行复苏的所有院外心脏骤停。
    结果:在191例院前心脏骤停的患者中,有98例(51%)未尝试进行复苏。拒绝复苏的原因是估计无效(97例)和不尝试复苏的命令(1)。没有复苏的患者中有60%具有继发性死亡迹象,最初的心律下有97%的患者处于心搏停止状态,无心音骤停的患者有98%。其余93例尝试复苏的患者中,有45例复苏成功。 12例患者出院(总生存率13%),其中9例CPC得分为1或2。15例患者接受了治疗性低温治疗。以旁观者见证的以VF作为初始节律的心脏骤停幸存者中,有29%存活。
    结论:坦佩雷EMS系统启动复苏的频率低于其他EMS系统报告的频率,但停止复苏的原因似乎是合理的。总体生存率和Utstein的“黄金标准”生存率与以前的报告相当。
  • 【1985-1986年芬兰北部1岁出生队列中8岁早产儿的语言能力。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1080/14015430050175824 复制DOI
    作者列表:Yliherva A,Olsén P,Suvanto A,Järvelin MR
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The language abilities of 42 8-year-old preterm children with birth weight < 1,750 g from a 1-year birth cohort in northern Finland was studied with four different language tests. Control children from the same birth cohort matched individually with their preterm pairs for age, sex, twinship, mother's education, place of residence, birth order and family type were also studied. In psycholinguistic test, auditory skills did not differ between the preterm and the full-term groups. Nor did any other linguistic subtest differentiate between the groups. Instead, the preterm children scored significantly poorer than their controls in visual subtests. The study also showed that the poor performance in visual tests was associated with neonatal morbidity, namely neonatal infections, need for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). When studying the language abilities of preterm children, we suggest that qualitative methods should be used to analyse linguistic skills. We recommend versatile follow-up of preterm children until school age.
    背景与目标: :通过四个不同的语言测试,研究了芬兰北部1岁出生队列中42名8岁以下体重小于1750 g的早产儿的语言能力。还研究了来自同一出生队列的对照儿童,分别与他们的早产配对相匹配,这些配对包括年龄,性别,双胞胎,母亲的教育程度,居住地,出生顺序和家庭类型。在心理语言测试中,早产组和足额组之间的听觉技能没有差异。其他语言子测验也没有区分这两组。取而代之的是,早产儿在视觉子测验中的得分明显低于对照组。该研究还表明,视力检查的不良表现与新生儿发病率(即新生儿感染),持续持续气道正压通气(CPAP)治疗和动脉导管未闭(PDA)的发生有关。在研究早产儿的语言能力时,我们建议应使用定性方法来分析语言能力。我们建议对学龄前儿童进行多方面的随访,直到学龄前。
  • 【来自芬兰的新的分枝杆菌分枝杆菌的鉴定。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1099/0022-1317-49-10-937 复制DOI
    作者列表:Koukila-Kähkölä P,Paulin L,Brander E,Jantzen E,Eho-Remes M,Katila ML
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :This report describes the first isolation of Mycobacterium shimoidei in Finland from a sputum specimen obtained from an elderly female patient. M. shimoidei, a potential lung pathogen, is difficult to identify by routine methods and only a few cases have been reported. The present study demonstrated that M. shimoidei has a characteristic pattern for fatty acids and alcohols in gas liquid chromatography. This chromatogram and the pattern of mycolic acids on thin-layer chromatography allow it to be distinguished routinely. The unique sequence of the 16S rRNA gene and the 16S-23S rDNA spacer region allows identification by molecular methods.
    背景与目标: :本报告描述了芬兰首次从一名老年女性患者的痰标本中分离出shimoidei分支杆菌。 shimoidei,一种潜在的肺部病原体,很难通过常规方法鉴定,仅报道了几例。本研究表明,shimoidei菌在气相色谱中具有脂肪酸和醇类的特征模式。该色谱图和薄层色谱上的霉菌酸谱图可对其进行常规区分。 16S rRNA基因和16S-23S rDNA间隔区的独特序列允许通过分子方法进行鉴定。
  • 【在芬兰Ostrobothnia,年龄分别为25、35、50和65岁的成年人中,下颌功能障碍的体征和症状的普遍程度。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2842.1988.tb00181.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Tervonen T,Knuuttila M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The prevalence of objective signs and subjectively perceived symptoms of mandibular dysfunction were studied in a sample comprising 1600 subjects, 400 each aged 25, 35, 50 and 65 years. Eighty per cent of the subjects were examined clinically. The prevalence figures were higher among the females than among the males, and a slight tendency for higher frequencies of clinical signs was observed with increasing age. In view of the severity of clinical signs preference should be given for a total of 27% of the subjects when considering the need of treatment. The number of remaining teeth in subjects with natural teeth and no additional removable dentures had no marked influence on the prevalence of mandibular dysfunction, but subjects with complete dentures had signs and symptoms of dysfunction more often than those with natural dentition. The sex and age differences can partly be explained by the higher frequency of complete dentures in females than in males and in the older age groups.
    背景与目标: :在一个包括1600名受试者的样本中研究了客观症状和主观感觉的下颌功能障碍的患病率,每个受试者400名年龄分别为25、35、50和65岁。 80%的受试者接受了临床检查。女性中的患病率高于男性,随着年龄的增长,临床症状出现频率略有上升的趋势。考虑到临床症状的严重性,在考虑需要治疗时,应优先考虑总共27%的受试者。拥有天然牙齿且没有其他可移动义齿的受试者中剩余牙齿的数量对下颌功能障碍的患病率没有显着影响,但是具有完整义齿的受试者比具有天然牙列的受试者更容易出现功能障碍的体征和症状。性别和年龄的差异部分可以解释为,女性的全口义齿的发生频率高于男性和年龄较大的人群。
  • 【在芬兰筛查石棉引起的疾病。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199609)30:3<241::AID-AJIM1 复制DOI
    作者列表:Koskinen K,Rinne JP,Zitting A,Tossavainen A,Kivekäs J,Reijula K,Roto P,Huuskonen MS
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: Screening for asbestos-induced diseases in Finland was carried out in 1990-1992 as a part of the Asbestos Program of the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. The aim of the present study was to find the workers who had developed an asbestos-induced disease in certain occupations. Examination of active or retired workers included a personal interview on work history and asbestos exposure, and a chest X-ray. The target group for the screening comprised workers under 70 years of age who had worked at least for 10 years in construction, 1 year in a shipyard or in the manufacture of asbestos products. A preliminary questionnaire was sent to 54,409 workers, 18,943 of whom finally participated in the screening examination. The mean age of the workers was 53 years; 95% were employed in construction, 2% in shipyards, and 3% in the asbestos industry. The criteria for a positive screening result were (1) a radiographic finding clearly indicating lung fibrosis (at least ILO category 1/1), (2) a radiographic finding indicating mild lung fibrosis (ILO category 1/0) with unilateral or bilateral pleural plaques, (3) marked abnormalities of the visceral pleura (marked adhesions with or without pleural thickening), or (4) bilateral pleural plaques. The positive cases totalled 4,133 (22%) and were sent for further investigation. In addition to the screening, information on the presence of asbestos in the work environment, prevention of asbestos exposure, as well as on the health effects of asbestos exposure and smoking were given to the participating workers. The screening acted as a preliminary survey to prompt further national follow-up of asbestos-induced diseases among the workers who have been exposed to asbestos. This article presents the material, methods, and overall results of the screening.

    背景与目标: 1990-1992年,作为芬兰职业健康研究所石棉计划的一部分,对芬兰的石棉诱发疾病进行了筛查。本研究的目的是寻找在某些职业中患有石棉诱发疾病的工人。对现役或退休工人的检查包括对工作经历和石棉暴露的个人访谈,以及胸部X光检查。筛查的目标人群包括70岁以下的工人,这些工人至少在建筑业工作了10年,在造船厂工作了1年,或者在制造石棉产品中工作了至少1年。初步调查表已发送给54,409名工人,其中18,943名工人最终参加了筛查。工人的平均年龄为53岁;建筑业雇用了95%,造船厂雇用了2%,石棉行业雇用了3%。阳性筛查结果的标准是(1)影像学检查明确表明肺纤维化(至少是ILO 1/1类),(2)影像学检查表明患有轻度肺纤维化(ILO 1/0类)伴有单侧或双侧胸膜斑块,(3)内脏胸膜明显异常(明显的粘连伴或不伴有胸膜增厚),或(4)双侧胸膜斑。阳性病例总计4,133(22%),并已送去进一步调查。除筛查外,还向参加活动的工人提供了有关工作环境中石棉的存在,石棉暴露的预防以及石棉暴露和吸烟对健康的影响的信息。筛查是一项初步调查,目的是促使在接触石棉的工人中进一步对石棉诱发的疾病进行全国性的随访。本文介绍了筛选的材料,方法和总体结果。

  • 【基于众包的全国性壁虱采集揭示了芬兰的臭x和紫花and以及相关病原体的分布。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1038/emi.2017.17 复制DOI
    作者列表:Laaksonen M,Sajanti E,Sormunen JJ,Penttinen R,Hänninen J,Ruohomäki K,Sääksjärvi I,Vesterinen EJ,Vuorinen I,Hytönen J,Klemola T
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :A national crowdsourcing-based tick collection campaign was organized in 2015 with the objective of producing novel data on tick distribution and tick-borne pathogens in Finland. Nearly 20 000 Ixodes ticks were collected. The collected material revealed the nationwide distribution of I. persulcatus for the first time and a shift northwards in the distribution of I. ricinus in Finland. A subset of 2038 tick samples containing both species was screened for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (the prevalence was 14.2% for I. ricinus and 19.8% for I. persulcatus), B. miyamotoi (0.2% and 0.4%, respectively) and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV; 0.2% and 3.0%, respectively). We also report new risk areas for TBEV in Finland and, for the first time, the presence of B. miyamotoi in ticks from mainland Finland. Most importantly, our study demonstrates the overwhelming power of citizen science in accomplishing a collection effort that would have been impossible with the scientific community alone.
    背景与目标: :2015年组织了一次全国性的基于众包的tick收集运动,目的是在芬兰收集有关tick分布和tick传播病原体的新数据。收集了近20 000个I极x。收集到的材料首次揭示了Persulcatus的全国分布,而芬兰的I. ricinus的分布向北偏移。筛选了包含这两种物种的2038个滴答样本的子集,以检出伯氏疏螺旋体(流行度为:蓖麻毒杆菌为14.2%,百日咳杆菌为19.8%),宫本芽孢杆菌(分别为0.2%和0.4%)和壁虱-传染性脑炎病毒(TBEV;分别为0.2%和3.0%)。我们还报告了在芬兰TBEV的新风险领域,以及首次在芬兰大陆的壁虱中出现了宫本芽孢杆菌。最重要的是,我们的研究表明,公民科学在完成收集工作方面具有压倒性的力量,而这是仅凭科学界就不可能做到的。
  • 【芬兰西部综合症的流行病学数据。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/s0387-7604(01)00263-7 复制DOI
    作者列表:Riikonen R
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The present study examined whether changes in the incidence of West syndrome (WS) could be used to evaluate changes in the quality of prenatal care over time. The incidence of WS in Finland did not change (1960-1991) in spite of increased survival of low-birth-weight infants. Small-for-gestational age (SGA) infants were more apt to develop infantile spasms than preterm average-for-gestational age infants. The number of SGA infants with neonatal hypoglycemia and infantile spasms decreased significantly. The number of cases of brain malformation and tuberous sclerosis increased; this probably reflects the development of more refined neuroradiological screening methods. Early prenatal factors seem to play a major role in the genesis of infantile spasms. Little can be done to reduce the incidence of WS, but every effort should be made to reduce the number of SGA infants by good prenatal care and treating neonatal hypoglycemia carefully.
    背景与目标: :本研究检查了西方综合症(WS)发病率的变化是否可用于评估随时间变化的产前护理质量。尽管低出生体重儿的存活率增加,但芬兰的WS发病率没有变化(1960-1991年)。小于胎龄儿(SGA)的婴儿比早产胎平均年龄的婴儿更容易发生婴儿痉挛。患有新生儿低血糖和婴儿痉挛症的SGA婴儿数量显着减少。脑畸形和结节性硬化症病例增加;这可能反映了更精细的神经放射学筛查方法的发展。早期的产前因素似乎在婴儿痉挛的发生中起主要作用。减少WS的发病率几乎无济于事,但应尽一切努力通过良好的产前护理并仔细治疗新生儿低血糖来减少SGA婴儿的数量。
  • 【具有临床显着吸烟史的哮喘患者的症状控制:芬兰的一项横断面研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1186/s12890-020-1127-9 复制DOI
    作者列表:Kiljander T,Poussa T,Helin T,Jaakkola A,Venho K,Lehtimäki L
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Surprisingly little is known about asthma control among asthmatics who smoke. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate asthma symptom control according to the GINA guidelines among asthmatics with a clinically significant smoking history. METHODS:One hundred ninety asthmatics from primary care in Finland were investigated. The patients were current or previous cigarette smokers with a history of 10 or more pack-years. They completed a questionnaire including questions on asthma symptoms and reliever use so that their level of asthma symptom control (well controlled, partly controlled, or uncontrolled) according to GINA could be determined. RESULTS:Sixty-six (34.7%) patients had their asthma well controlled, 81 (42.6%) had their asthma partly controlled, and 43 (22.6%) had uncontrolled asthma. Current smokers had uncontrolled asthma more often than ex-smokers, OR 2.54 (95% CI 1.25-5.14, p = 0.01). Patients with moderate to severe asthma exacerbation during the previous year had uncontrolled asthma more often than patients without an exacerbation, OR 2.17 (95% CI 1.06-4.47, p = 0.04), and patients with FEV1 <  80% of predicted had uncontrolled asthma more often than patients with FEV1 > 80% of predicted, OR 2.04 (95% CI 1.02-4.08, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS:Asthmatic patients with a clinically significant smoking history often do not have well controlled asthma. Poor asthma symptom control was associated with current smoking status, history of exacerbations and impaired lung function. Therefore, every attempt should be made to help asthmatics who smoke to quit smoking.
    背景与目标: 背景:令人惊讶的是,吸烟的哮喘患者对哮喘控制知之甚少。这项横断面研究的目的是根据GINA指南调查具有临床显着吸烟史的哮喘患者的哮喘症状控制。
    方法:对芬兰一百九十名来自初级保健的哮喘病患者进行了调查。这些患者是现时或以前的吸烟者,有10年或以上的包装年历史。他们填写了一份问卷,包括有关哮喘症状和缓解剂使用的问题,以便可以根据GINA确定他们的哮喘症状控制水平(良好控制,部分控制或不控制)。
    结果:66例(34.7%)的患者的哮喘得到了良好的控制,81例(42.6%)的患者得到了部分控制的哮喘,43例(22.6%)的患者得到了不受控制的哮喘。目前的吸烟者比前吸烟者更容易患上不受控制的哮喘,即OR 2.54(95%CI 1.25-5.14,p = 0.01)。上一年中度至重度哮喘急性发作的患者比没有急性发作的患者更容易控制哮喘,或为2.17(95%CI 1.06-4.47,p = 0.04),而FEV1 <80%的预期患者患有不受控制的哮喘的比例更高通常比FEV1>预测值的80%或OR 2.04的患者高(95%CI 1.02-4.08,p = 40.04)。
    结论:具有临床显着吸烟史的哮喘患者通常没有良好控制的哮喘。哮喘症状控制不佳与当前吸烟状况,病情加重和肺功能受损有关。因此,应尽一切努力帮助吸烟的哮喘患者戒烟。
  • 【芬兰北部人群的支气管高反应性,以前没有诊断为哮喘或慢性支气管炎,可通过组胺和乙酰甲胆碱测试进行评估。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.3402/ijch.v67i4.18343 复制DOI
    作者列表:Juusela M,Poussa T,Kotaniemi J,Lundbäck B,Sovijärvi A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:To assess the prevalence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) in a population of north Finland among subjects with no previous diagnosis of asthma or chronic bronchitis by using histamine and methacholine challenges. The agreement between the methods was also evaluated. STUDY DESIGN:An epidemiological study assessing the prevalence of BHR measured with 2 direct dosimetric challenge methods. METHODS; Seventy-nine randomly selected subjects (21-73 years) were studied; 67% had respiratory or allergic symptoms. The baseline spirometry was normal or showed mild obstruction. Bronchial challenges to methacholine and histamine were performed on each subject in a randomized order. Provocative doses inducing the decrease of FEV1 by 15% and 20% (PD15FEV1 and PD20FEV1) and dose response ratios (DDR) were calculated for both tests. RESULTS; BHR with the methacholine test (PD20FEV1 < or = 2.6 mg) was found in 20% and with the histamine test (PD15FEV1 < or = 1.6 mg) in 28% of subjects; the agreement was 80% (kappa 0.45; 95% CI 0.23-0.68). In staging the severity of BHR the methods had a good agreement (weighted kappa 0.64; CI 95% 0.46-0.82). Prevalence of BHR fulfilling the criteria of the both methods was 14%. CONCLUSIONS:The findings suggest that the prevalence of BHR in the population of north Finland with no previous diagnosis of asthma or chronic bronchitis is at least 14%, probably around 20%, assessed by histamine and methacholine challenge methods. The methods have a good agreement to be used for classifying the severity of BHR.
    背景与目标: 目的:通过使用组胺和乙酰甲胆碱攻击,评估先前未诊断出哮喘或慢性支气管炎的芬兰北部人群中支气管高反应性(BHR)的患病率。还评估了方法之间的一致性。
    研究设计:一项流行病学研究,评估通过2种直接剂量挑战方法测量的BHR患病率。方法;研究了79名随机选择的受试者(21-73岁); 67%有呼吸道或过敏性症状。基线肺活量测定正常或显示轻度阻塞。以随机顺序对每个受试者进行了对乙酰甲胆碱和组胺的支气管激发。两种测试均计算了引起FEV1降低15%和20%的激发剂量(PD15FEV1和PD20FEV1)和剂量反应比(DDR)。结果;在28%的受试者中发现有甲胆碱测试(PD20FEV1 <或= 2.6 mg)的BHR和组胺测试(PD15FEV1 <或= 1.6 mg)的BHR。一致性为80%(kappa 0.45; 95%CI 0.23-0.68)。在评估BHR的严重程度时,这些方法具有很好的一致性(加权Kappa为0.64; CI为95%0.46-0.82)。符合两种方法标准的BHR患病率为14%。
    结论:研究结果表明,通过组胺和乙酰甲胆碱激发方法评估,在先前未诊断出哮喘或慢性支气管炎的芬兰北部人群中,BHR的患病率至少为14%,可能约为20%。该方法具有良好的一致性,可用于对BHR的严重程度进行分类。
  • 【芬兰回声病毒11株的分子流行病学和双重血清型特异性检测。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.virusres.2008.10.003 复制DOI
    作者列表:Savolainen-Kopra C,Al-Hello H,Paananen A,Blomqvist S,Klemola P,Sobotova Z,Roivainen M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Echovirus 11 (E-11) has been one of the most frequently discovered human enterovirus (HEV) in Finland during the past few years. We have studied molecular epidemiological patterns of E-11 from 1993 to 2007 exploiting the 257-nucleotide region in the 5'-part of the VP1 used for genetic typing of HEV. Designated genogroup D strains had a striking prevalence among the Finnish strains, a finding in accordance with the recent data from other geographical regions. The subgroup D4, harboring the oldest strains, had become extinct in the beginning of the millennium and D5 strains had taken over. Similarly, a new subgroup of D5 had started to diverge from the main D5 in 2006. However, in addition to endemic D strains, few single strains clustered also to genogroups A and C suggesting importation from more distant locations. The relatively large amino acid sequence variability between and within the genogroups favored the idea of antigenic differences. Neutralization assays confirmed that antigenic differences existed, although all studied E-11 strains were neutralized with antisera against the prototype strain Gregory. Five of the six studied strains belonging to genogroup D were, unexpectedly, also neutralized with antisera against coxsackievirus A9 Griggs.
    背景与目标: :Echovirus 11(E-11)在过去几年中一直是芬兰最常发现的人类肠道病毒(HEV)之一。我们已经研究了1993年至2007年E-11的分子流行病学模式,利用了用于HEV遗传分型的VP1 5'部分的257个核苷酸区域。指定的基因组D菌株在芬兰菌株中流行率很高,这一发现与其他地理区域的最新数据一致。拥有最古老菌株的D4亚组在千年初已灭绝,D5菌株已被接管。同样,D5的一个新亚组已于2006年开始与主要D5分离。但是,除了地方性D毒株外,几乎没有单个毒株也聚集到基因组A和C,提示从更远的地方输入。基因组之间和之内相对较大的氨基酸序列变异性支持抗原差异的想法。中和测定法确认存在抗原差异,尽管所有研究的E-11菌株均用针对原型菌株Gregory的抗血清中和。出乎意料的是,属于基因组D的六个研究菌株中的五个也被抗柯萨奇病毒A9 Griggs的抗血清中和。
  • 【芬兰核电厂工人的职业暴露。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006603 复制DOI
    作者列表:Alm-Lytz K,Riihiluoma V,Hyvönen H
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In Finland, the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK) maintains a central dose register where all occupational doses of radiation workers are recorded. The computerised register enables easy control of personal doses, including annual, 5 year and lifetime doses. The type of radiation work is also recorded in the dose register. Finland was one of the first countries in the world to introduce dose limits based on the recommendations of ICRP 60. In this article, the radiation dose data of the Finnish nuclear power plant workers are analysed. The majority of the radiation doses are received during the maintenance outages. The trend of the 5 year doses and their distribution are presented. Doses received during different work assignments were averaged over the years 1996-1999 and they are also discussed in this article.
    背景与目标: :在芬兰,辐射与核安全局(STUK)维护着一个中央剂量登记簿,用于记录辐射工作人员的所有职业剂量。电脑记录仪可轻松控制个人剂量,包括年剂量,5年剂量和终生剂量。放射功的类型也记录在剂量寄存器中。芬兰是世界上最早根据ICRP 60的建议引入剂量限值的国家之一。在本文中,分析了芬兰核电站工作人员的辐射剂量数据。在维护中断期间会收到大部分辐射剂量。给出了5年剂量的趋势及其分布。在1996年至1999年期间,对不同工作任务中获得的剂量进行了平均,并在本文中进行了讨论。
  • 【KLF6 IVS1 -27G>变体与芬兰患前列腺癌的风险。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.eururo.2006.11.019 复制DOI
    作者列表:Seppälä EH,Autio V,Duggal P,Ikonen T,Stenman UH,Auvinen A,Bailey-Wilson JE,Tammela TL,Schleutker J
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:A recent report demonstrated that KLF6 IVS1 -27G>A substitution increases the transcription of alternatively spliced isoforms; this action was suggested to be associated with prostate cancer (pCA). To evaluate these findings among the Finnish population, a total of 3348 samples were analysed. METHODS:The variant was genotyped in 164 patients with familial pCA, 852 patients with unselected pCA, 459 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), 923 male population controls, and 950 men from a Finnish prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening trial with PSA levels less than 1.0ng/ml. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated by using logistic regression to estimate pCA risk. RESULTS:Association testing revealed no significant differences between familial prostate cancer patients and population controls (OR: 0.84; 95%CI, 0.56-1.28; p=0.42), unselected cases and controls (OR: 0.95; 95%CI, 0.76-1.19; p=0.63), or BPH cases and controls (OR: 1.12; 95%CI, 0.86-1.46; p=0.39). pCA and BPH cases were also compared with PSA-screened controls. None of these analyses revealed any significant associations. CONCLUSIONS:Our results do not support the suggested association of KLF6 IVS1 -27G>A germline polymorphism with pCA risk and also suggest that the variant is not a risk allele for BPH in the Finnish population.
    背景与目标: 目的:最近的一份报告表明,KLF6 IVS1 -27G> A取代可增加其他剪接同工型的转录。提示该作用与前列腺癌(pCA)有关。为了评估芬兰人群中的这些发现,共分析了3348个样本。
    方法:该变异体在164例家族性pCA患者,852例未选择pCA患者,459例良性前列腺增生症(BPH),923名男性人群对照和950名来自芬兰前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)筛查试验的男性中进行了基因分型。 PSA含量低于1.0ng / ml。通过使用逻辑回归估计pCA风险来计算赔率(OR)和相应的95%置信区间(95%CI)。
    结果:关联测试显示家族性前列腺癌患者与人群对照(OR:0.84; 95%CI,0.56-1.28; p = 0.42),未选定病例和对照(OR:0.95; 95%CI,0.76-1.19)无显着差异; p = 0.63)或BPH病例和对照(OR:1.12; 95%CI,0.86-1.46; p = 0.39)。 pCA和BPH病例也与PSA筛查的对照进行了比较。这些分析均未显示任何重大关联。
    结论:我们的结果不支持建议的KLF6 IVS1 -27G> A种系多态性与pCA风险的关联,也暗示该变异体不是芬兰人群BPH的风险等位基因。
  • 【我们在32年中对高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的测量学到了什么? 1980-2012年在芬兰的经验。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.cca.2012.10.027 复制DOI
    作者列表:Leiviskä J,Sundvall J,Alfthan G,Tähtelä R,Salomaa V,Jauhiainen M,Vartiainen E
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is important in risk assessment for cardiovascular disease or metabolic syndrome; however, different direct HDL-C assays may lead to erroneous risk estimates and potentially misclassify people. METHODS:Data for 30-year HDL-C trends in Finland were obtained from the national FINRISK surveys during 1982-2012 (n=45766) taking into account biases from three external quality assessment programs (EQA). We also compared two different direct HDL-C and turbidimetric apolipoprotein A-I methods using 413 fresh serum samples. RESULTS:HDL-C concentrations in the Finnish population were on average 1.33 (±0.04) mmol/l for men and 1.62 (±0.05) mmol/l for women after bias-correction. Positive HDL-C trends were observed for both sexes with original data, but trends disappeared after bias-correction. Comparison of two direct HDL-C methods demonstrated concentration-dependent difference. When HDL-C concentrations were <1.0 mmol/l, the mean bias was -12.0% (95% CI -13.5 to -10.0) whereas HDL-C concentrations >1.55 mmol/l showed mean bias of 9.0% (95% CI 7.0-10.5). CONCLUSIONS:Accurate reporting of HDL-C concentrations at the population level requires proper and regular attendance to reliable EQA programs. We found evidence for a concentration-dependent difference between some direct HDL-C methods, which may cause misclassification of people in cardiovascular risk assessment.
    背景与目标: 背景:高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)在心血管疾病或代谢综合征的风险评估中很重要。但是,不同的直接HDL-C分析可能会导致错误的风险估计并可能对人员进行错误分类。
    方法:芬兰30年HDL-C趋势的数据是从1982年至2012年的全国FINRISK调查中获得的(n = 45766),其中考虑了三个外部质量评估计划(EQA)的偏差。我们还比较了使用413种新鲜血清样本的两种不同的直接HDL-C和浊度载脂蛋白A-I方法。
    结果:校正偏倚后,芬兰人群中HDL-C的平均浓度为男性1.33(±0.04)mmol / l,女性为1.62(±0.05)mmol / l。具有原始数据的两性均观察到HDL-C呈阳性趋势,但偏差校正后该趋势消失。两种直接HDL-C方法的比较显示出浓度依赖性差异。当HDL-C浓度<1.0 mmol / l时,平均偏差为-12.0%(95%CI -13.5至-10.0),而HDL-C浓度> 1.55 mmol / l则显示平均偏差为9.0%(95%CI 7.0) -10.5)。
    结论:要在人群中准确报告HDL-C浓度,需要适当定期参加可靠的EQA计划。我们发现一些直接HDL-C方法之间存在浓度依赖性差异的证据,这可能会导致心血管风险评估中人员分类错误。
  • 【多发性硬化症妇女的妊娠结局:芬兰一项前瞻性全国研究的结果。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1177/1352458510372629 复制DOI
    作者列表:Jalkanen A,Alanen A,Airas L,Finnish Multiple Sclerosis and Pregnancy Study Group.
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The majority of individuals obtaining the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis are women of childbearing age. They are naturally concerned as to how multiple sclerosis affects the course of pregnancy and the developing foetus. The objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate the incidence of pregnancy complications and delivery risks, and to follow the natural course of multiple sclerosis during and after pregnancy in a cohort of Finnish patients with multiple sclerosis. Sixty-one patients with multiple sclerosis who became pregnant during the years 2003-2005 were prospectively followed-up from early pregnancy until 6 months postpartum. Multiple sclerosis relapses, Expanded Disability Status Scale rates and obstetric details were recorded. The results were compared with the statistics obtained from Finnish Medical Birth Register from the year 2004. We found that patients with multiple sclerosis were no more likely to experience pregnancy complications than Finnish pregnant women generally, but they had a greater likelihood for a need of artificial insemination (4.9% vs. 0.9%; p = 0.0009). Subjects with multiple sclerosis were more likely to undergo assisted vaginal delivery than the at-large cohort (16.4% vs. 6.5%; p = 0.0017). We conclude that pregnancy does not seem to pose a woman with multiple sclerosis to a greater risk for pregnancy complications when compared with women in general. The potential need for instrumental delivery should, however, be taken into account when planning the delivery of a mother with multiple sclerosis.
    背景与目标: :诊断出多发性硬化症的大多数人是育龄妇女。他们自然关心多发性硬化症如何影响妊娠过程和胎儿发育。这项研究的目的是前瞻性评估一组芬兰多发性硬化症患者的妊娠并发症和分娩风险的发生率,并遵循妊娠期间和之后多发性硬化的自然过程。从2003年早期怀孕到产后6个月,对61例在2003-2005年期间怀孕的多发性硬化症患者进行了随访。记录多发性硬化症复发,扩大的残疾状态量表比率和产科细节。将结果与2004年芬兰医疗出生登记处的统计数据进行了比较。我们发现,多发性硬化症患者的发生并发症的可能性不比芬兰孕妇高,但他们更有可能需要人工干预受精(4.9%vs. 0.9%; p = 0.0009)。多发性硬化症患者比一般人群更有可能接受辅助阴道分娩(16.4%vs. 6.5%; p = 0.0017)。我们得出的结论是,与一般女性相比,怀孕似乎不会使多发性硬化症患者的妊娠并发症风险更高。但是,在计划分娩多发性硬化症的母亲时,应考虑到器械分娩的潜在需求。
  • 【芬兰东部的2型糖尿病和囊状颅内动脉瘤破裂的风险。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.2337/dc12-1048 复制DOI
    作者列表:Lindgren AE,Kurki MI,Riihinen A,Koivisto T,Ronkainen A,Rinne J,Hernesniemi J,Eriksson JG,Jääskeläinen JE,von und zu Fraunberg M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:Type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for other forms of stroke, but its association with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) from ruptured saccular intracranial aneurysm (sIA) has remained unclear. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:Kuopio Intracranial Aneurysm Database (www.uef.fi/ns) includes all ruptured and unruptured sIA cases from a defined catchment population in eastern Finland since 1980. We compared the age-adjusted incidences of type 2 diabetes in 1,058 ruptured and 484 unruptured sIA patients during 1994-2008, using the national registry of prescribed medicine purchases. RESULTS:Of the 1,058 ruptured sIA patients, 43% were males and 57% females, with a median age at rupture of 51 and 56 years, respectively. From 1994 to 2008 or until death, 9% had been prescribed antidiabetes medication (ADM) with a median starting age of 58 years for males and 66 years for females. Of the 484 unruptured sIA patients, 44% were males and 56% females, with a median age at the diagnosis of 53 and 55 years, respectively, and 9% had used ADM, with a median starting age of 61 years for males and 66 years for females. The incidence of type 2 diabetes was highest in the age-group 60-70 years, with no significant differences between the ruptured and unruptured sIA patients. CONCLUSIONS:Our study suggests that type 2 diabetes does not increase the risk of rupture of sIA, which is by far the most frequent cause of nontraumatic SAH.
    背景与目标: 目的:2型糖尿病是其他形式的中风的危险因素,但其与囊状颅内动脉瘤破裂(sIA)与蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)的关系尚不清楚。
    研究设计和方法:Kuopio颅内动脉瘤数据库(www.uef.fi/ns)包括1980年以来芬兰东部特定集水区所有破裂和未破裂的sIA病例。我们比较了1,058例破裂的2型糖尿病的年龄校正发病率使用国家处方药购买登记表,在1994年至2008年期间,有484名未破裂的sIA患者。
    结果:在1,058例sIA破裂患者中,男性43%,女性57%,破裂时的中位年龄分别为51岁和56岁。从1994年到2008年或直至死亡,已开出9%的抗糖尿病药物(ADM),男性的平均起始年龄为58岁,女性的平均起始年龄为66岁。在484例未破裂的sIA患者中,男性分别为44%和56%,诊断时的中位年龄分别为53岁和55岁,使用ADM的患者为9%,男性的起始年龄为61岁,男性为66岁。女性的岁月。 2型糖尿病的发病率在60-70岁年龄段最高,在破裂和未破裂的sIA患者之间没有显着差异。
    结论:我们的研究表明2型糖尿病不会增加sIA破裂的风险,而sIA破裂是迄今为止非创伤性SAH的最常见原因。

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