Highly differentiated mature spermatozoa carry not only genetic but also epigenetic information that is to be transmitted to the embryo. DNA methylation is one epigenetic actor associated with sperm nucleus compaction, gene silencing, and prepatterning of embryonic gene expression. Therefore, the stability of this mark toward reproductive biotechnologies is a major issue in animal production. The present work explored the impact of hormonal induction of spermiation and sperm cryopreservation in two cyprinids, the goldfish (Carassius auratus) and the zebrafish (Danio rerio), using LUminometric Methylation Assay (LUMA). We showed that while goldfish hormonal treatment did increase sperm production, it did not alter global DNA methylation of spermatozoa. Different sperm samples repeatedly collected from the same males for 2 months also showed the same global DNA methylation level. Similarly, global DNA methylation was not affected after cryopreservation of goldfish spermatozoa with methanol, whereas less efficient cryoprotectants (dimethylsulfoxide and 1,2-propanediol) decreased DNA methylation. In contrast, cryopreservation of zebrafish spermatozoa with methanol induced a slight, but significant, increase in global DNA methylation. In the less compact nuclei, that is, goldfish fin somatic cells, cryopreservation did not change global DNA methylation regardless of the choice of cryoprotectant. To conclude, global DNA methylation is a robust parameter with respect to biotechnologies such as hormonal induction of spermiation and sperm cryopreservation, but it can be altered when the best sperm manipulation conditions are not met.

译文

高度分化的成熟精子不仅携带遗传信息,还携带待传递至胚胎的表观遗传信息。DNA甲基化是与精子核压实,基因沉默和胚胎基因表达预形成相关的表观遗传因素之一。因此,该标志对生殖生物技术的稳定性是动物生产中的主要问题。本工作使用光度甲基化测定法 (LUMA) 探讨了激素诱导精子和精子冷冻保存对两种鲤鱼,金鱼 (Carassius auratus) 和斑马鱼 (Danio rerio) 的影响。我们表明,尽管金鱼激素治疗确实增加了精子的产生,但它并未改变精子的整体DNA甲基化。从同一男性重复收集2个月的不同精子样本也显示出相同的全球DNA甲基化水平。同样,用甲醇冷冻保存金鱼精子后,整体DNA甲基化不受影响,而效率较低的冷冻保护剂 (二甲基亚砜和1,2-丙二醇) 降低了DNA甲基化。相反,用甲醇冷冻保存斑马鱼精子会导致整体DNA甲基化略有但显着增加。在不紧密的细胞核中,即金鱼鳍体细胞,无论选择冷冻保护剂,冷冻保存都不会改变整体DNA甲基化。总而言之,对于生物技术 (例如激素诱导精子和精子冷冻保存) 而言,全球DNA甲基化是一个可靠的参数,但是当不满足最佳的精子操作条件时,可以改变它。

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