• 【变性人变性中保留生育力的伦理。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s11673-012-9378-7 复制DOI
    作者列表:Murphy TF
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In some areas of clinical medicine, discussions about fertility preservation are routine, such as in the treatment of children and adolescents facing cancer treatments that will destroy their ability to produce gametes of their own. Certain professional organizations now offer guidelines for people who wish to modify their bodies and appearance in regard to sex traits, and these guidelines extend to recommendations about fertility preservation. Since the removal of testicles or ovaries will destroy the ability to have genetically related children later on, it is imperative to counsel transgender people seeking body modifications about fertility preservation options. Fertility preservation with transgender people will, however, lead to unconventional outcomes. If transgender men and women use their ova and sperm, respectively, to have children, they will function as a mother or father in a gametic sense but will function in socially reversed parental identities. There is nothing, however, about fertility preservation with transgender men and women that is objectionable in its motives, practices, or outcomes that would justify closing off these options. In any case, novel reproductive technologies may extend this kind of role reversal in principle to all people, if sperm and ova can be derived from all human beings regardless of sex, as has happened with certain laboratory animals.
    背景与目标: :在临床医学的某些领域,关于生育力保存的讨论是常规的,例如在面对癌症治疗的儿童和青少年的治疗中,这将破坏他们生产自己配子的能力。现在,某些专业组织为希望在性特征方面改变其身体和外观的人们提供了指南,这些指南还扩展到有关保留生育力的建议。由于移除睾丸或卵巢会破坏以后与遗传相关的孩子的能力,因此必须咨询寻求变性的变性人,以寻求有关保留生育能力的建议。但是,跨性别者的生育保护将导致非常规的结果。如果跨性别男人和女人分别使用卵子和精子生孩子,他们将在配偶的意义上扮演母亲或父亲的角色,但会在社交上颠倒的父母身份中发挥作用。但是,关于跨性别男人和女人的生育保护,在动机,实践或结果方面都令人反感,这足以证明这些选择是合理的。无论如何,只要某些实验室动物的精子和卵子可以不分性别地从所有人的身上衍生出来,那么新的生殖技术原则上就可以将这种角色转换扩大到所有人。
  • 【通过基于干细胞的临床平台提高女性生育能力的进展。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1080/14712598.2017.1305352 复制DOI
    作者列表:Vanni VS,Viganò P,Papaleo E,Mangili G,Candiani M,Giorgione V
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: INTRODUCTION:Due to their regenerative ability, stem cells are looked at as a promising tool for improving infertility treatments in women. As the main limiting factor in female fertility is represented by the decrease of ovarian reserve, the main goals of stem cell-based clinical platforms would be to obtain in vitro or in vivo neo-oogenesis. Refractory endometrial factor infertility also represents an obstacle for female reproduction for which stem cells might provide novel treatment strategies. Areas covered: A systematic search of the literature was performed on MEDLINE/PubMed database to identify relevant articles using stem-cell based clinical or research platforms in the field of female infertility. Expert opinion: In vitro oogenesis has not so far developed beyond the stage of oocyte-like cells whose normal progression to mature oocytes and ability to be fertilized was not proved. Extensive epigenetic programming of gamete precursors and the complex interactions between somatic and germ cells required for human oogenesis likely represent the main obstacles in stem-cell-based neo-oogenesis. Also resuming oogenesis in vivo in adulthood still appears a distant hypothesis, as there is still a lack of consensus about the existence and functionality of adult ovarian stem cells.
    背景与目标: 简介:由于具有再生能力,干细胞被视为改善女性不育症治疗方法的有前途的工具。由于女性生育力的主要限制因素以卵巢储备的减少为代表,因此基于干细胞的临床平台的主要目标将是获得体外或体内新卵子发生。难治性子宫内膜因子不孕症也代表了女性生殖的障碍,干细胞可能为女性生殖提供了新的治疗策略。覆盖领域:在MEDLINE / PubMed数据库上进行了系统的文献检索,以使用基于干细胞的女性不育领域临床或研究平台鉴定相关文章。专家意见:迄今为止,卵母细胞样细胞的发育尚未达到体外卵子形成的阶段,卵母细胞样细胞的发育尚不能正常发展并具有受精能力。配子前体的广泛表观遗传编程以及人类卵子形成所需要的体细胞和生殖细胞之间的复杂相互作用,可能代表了基于干细胞的新卵子发生中的主要障碍。由于在成年卵巢干细胞的存在和功能方面仍缺乏共识,因此在成年后体内恢复卵子形成仍是一个遥远的假设。
  • 【全基因组范围内的小鼠卵巢育性基因的发现和分类。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1534/genetics.107.074823 复制DOI
    作者列表:Gallardo TD,John GB,Shirley L,Contreras CM,Akbay EA,Haynie JM,Ward SE,Shidler MJ,Castrillon DH
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Female infertility syndromes are among the most prevalent chronic health disorders in women, but their genetic basis remains unknown because of uncertainty regarding the number and identity of ovarian factors controlling the assembly, preservation, and maturation of ovarian follicles. To systematically discover ovarian fertility genes en masse, we employed a mouse model (Foxo3) in which follicles are assembled normally but then undergo synchronous activation. We developed a microarray-based approach for the systematic discovery of tissue-specific genes and, by applying it to Foxo3 ovaries and other samples, defined a surprisingly large set of ovarian factors (n = 348, approximately 1% of the mouse genome). This set included the vast majority of known ovarian factors, 44% of which when mutated produce female sterility phenotypes, but most were novel. Comparative profiling of other tissues, including microdissected oocytes and somatic cells, revealed distinct gene classes and provided new insights into oogenesis and ovarian function, demonstrating the utility of our approach for tissue-specific gene discovery. This study will thus facilitate comprehensive analyses of follicle development, ovarian function, and female infertility.
    背景与目标: 女性不育综合症是女性中最普遍的慢性健康疾病,但由于不确定控制卵巢卵泡组装,保存和成熟的卵巢因子的数量和特性,其遗传基础仍然未知。为了系统地发现卵巢育性基因,我们采用了小鼠模型(Foxo3),其中卵泡正常组装,然后进行同步激活。我们开发了一种基于微阵列的方法来系统地发现组织特异性基因,并将其应用于Foxo3卵巢和其他样品,从而定义了一套令人惊讶的卵巢因子集合(n = 348,约占小鼠基因组的1%)。该组包括绝大多数已知的卵巢因子,其中44%发生突变时会产生女性不育表型,但大多数是新颖的。对其他组织的比较分析,包括显微解剖的卵母细胞和体细胞,揭示了不同的基因类别,并提供了有关卵子发生和卵巢功能的新见解,证明了我们的方法可用于组织特异性基因的发现。因此,这项研究将有助于对卵泡发育,卵巢功能和女性不育症的综合分析。
  • 【Mimusops elengi的水果提取物可导致雄性小鼠精子发生和生育能力的可逆抑制。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/and.12516 复制DOI
    作者列表:Singh N,Singh SK
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Antifertility efficacy of oral administration of aqueous fruit extract of Mimusops elengi (200, 400 and 600 mg kg(-1) body weight/day for 35 days) was evaluated in Parkes strain male mice. Various reproductive end points such as histopathology, sperm parameters, testosterone level, haematology, serum biochemistry and fertility indices were assessed; activities of 3β- and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases, and immunoblot expressions of StAR and P450scc in the testis were also assessed. Histologically, testes in Mimusops-treated mice showed nonuniform and diverse degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules; both affected and normal tubules were observed in the same sections of testis. The treatment had adverse effects on testicular hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases and StAR and P450scc, serum level of testosterone and on motility, viability and number of spermatozoa in cauda epididymis. However, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and creatinine, and haematological parameters were not affected by the treatment. Also, libido was not affected in treated males, but their fertility was markedly suppressed. By 56 days of treatment withdrawal, the alterations caused in the above parameters recovered to control levels, suggesting that Mimusops treatment causes reversible suppression of spermatogenesis and fertility in Parkes mice. Further, there were no detectable signs of toxicity in treated males.
    背景与目标: :在Parkes品系雄性小鼠中评估了口服Mimusops elengi水果水提取物(200、400和600 mg kg(-1)体重/天持续35天)的抗生育功效。评估了各种生殖终点,例如组织病理学,精子参数,睾丸激素水平,血液学,血清生化指标和生育指数。还评估了3β-和17β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶的活性以及StAR和P450scc在睾丸中的免疫印迹表达。从组织学的角度看,用Mimusops处理的小鼠的睾丸在曲细精管中显示出不均匀且多样的变性变化。在睾丸的同一部分观察到了受影响的和正常的肾小管。该治疗对睾丸羟基睾丸类固醇脱氢酶和StAR和P450scc,血清睾丸激素水平以及附睾尾部精子的活力,生存力和精子数量有不利影响。但是,该治疗不会影响血清丙氨酸转氨酶,天冬氨酸转氨酶和肌酐的水平以及血液学参数。同样,性欲受治疗的男性并未受到影响,但其生育能力明显受到抑制。停药56天后,上述参数引起的改变恢复到控制水平,这表明Mimusops治疗可逆地抑制Parkes小鼠的精子发生和生育能力。此外,在治疗的男性中没有可检测到的毒性迹象。
  • 【在保留生育力的改良型腹部根治性气管切除术中保留上行子宫动脉的安全性和有效性。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.06.053 复制DOI
    作者列表:Wang Y,Peng Y,Lin Z,Yao T
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the outcome of preserving the ascending uterine artery in a modified fertility-sparing abdominal radical trachelectomy and understand whether preserving uterine arteries during abdominal radical trachelectomy is helpful for patients. METHODS:From September 2005 to September 2019, 31 early uterine cervical cancer patients who underwent modified fertility-sparing abdominal radical trachelectomy were enrolled in this study, and were followed up in our cancer center. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis was advised as the initial investigation to evaluate the ascending uterine artery in 11 patients. The major outcomes were recurrence, mortality, CT results and obstetric outcomes. RESULTS:During the median follow-up of 56 months, two recurrences were recorded. Among 11 patients who underwent CT, none of them showed uterine arteries occlusion. Fifteen patients attempted to conceive, and 5 pregnancies were achieved in 5 patients. Hence, the pregnancy rate among patients who attempted to conceive was 33.3 %. There was only one artificial first-trimester abortion. Three pregnancies resulted in live births, and two of them got full-term births. CONCLUSIONS:The modified fertility-sparing abdominal radical trachelectomy in preserving uterine arteries is effective, and it is recommended that surgeon should retain the uterine artery as much as possible during operation.
    背景与目标: 目的:评估改良保留生育能力的腹部根治性气管切除术中保留子宫上行动脉的结果,并了解在腹部根治性气管切除术中保留子宫动脉是否对患者有帮助。
    方法:自2005年9月至2019年9月,本研究招募了31例接受改良保留生育能力的腹部根治性气管切开术的早期子宫宫颈癌患者,并在我们的癌症中心进行了随访。建议将腹部和骨盆的计算机断层扫描(CT)作为评估11例子宫上升动脉的初步研究。主要结局是复发,死亡率,CT结果和产科结局。
    结果:在中位随访56个月期间,记录了两次复发。在接受CT扫描的11例患者中,没有一例显示子宫动脉闭塞。 15名患者尝试受孕,其中5名患者完成了5次怀孕。因此,试图受孕的妇女中的妊娠率为33.3%。只有一次人工流产。 3例怀孕导致活产,其中2例足月出生。
    结论:改良保留生育能力的腹部根治性气管切开术在保留子宫动脉方面是有效的,建议外科医生在手术期间应尽可能保留子宫动脉。
  • 【性别偏见的拮抗剂对男性和女性生育力的直接和间接影响:对两性异形植物生殖性状进化的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1086/513150 复制DOI
    作者列表:Ashman TL,Penet L
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Gender-dimorphic plants are often subject to sex-differential enemy attack, but whether and how this contributes to trait evolution is unknown. To address this gap, we documented the spatiotemporal prevalence of sex-biased weevil damage in a gynodioecious strawberry. We then conducted path analysis to evaluate the direct and indirect pathways for weevils to affect female and male fertility and to mediate selection in two experimental gardens. Direct effects of weevils significantly reduced fertility and mediated selection on reproductive traits, even in the nonpreferred sex (females). Weevils significantly reduced floral display size in hermaphrodites in both gardens, and this translated into a substantial negative indirect effect on male fertility in the garden where the pathway to fertility via display was stronger. Thus, indirect effects of weevils can contribute to selection in hermaphrodites, which gain the majority of their fitness via male function. Our results also indicate that weevils often play a larger role than pollinators in shaping reproductive phenotype and thus raise the intriguing possibility that antagonists may be drivers of sexual dimorphism. Finally, our results support the view that mutualists, antagonists, and the abiotic environment should be considered when attempting to understand reproductive trait evolution in gender-dimorphic species.
    背景与目标: :性别不同的植物通常会受到性别差异的敌人的攻击,但是这是否以及如何促进性状演变尚不清楚。为了解决这一差距,我们记录了雌雄同体的草莓中性别偏爱的象鼻虫的时空流行情况。然后,我们进行了路径分析,以评估象鼻虫影响雌雄育性并介导两个实验花园中选择的直接和间接途径。象鼻虫的直接影响显着降低了生育能力和对生殖性状的介导选择,即使在非优选性别(女性)中也是如此。象鼻虫显着减少了两个花园中雌雄同体的花卉展示尺寸,这转化为对男性生殖力的负面影响,在花园中,雄性通过展示的途径更强。因此,象鼻虫的间接作用可能有助于雌雄同体的选择,而雌雄同体通过雄性功能获得了大部分适应性。我们的结果还表明,在塑造生殖表型方面,象鼻虫通常比传粉媒介发挥更大的作用,因此增加了拮抗剂可能是性二态性驱动因素的有趣可能性。最后,我们的结果支持这样的观点,即在试图了解性别双态物种的生殖性状进化时,应考虑互惠生,拮抗剂和非生物环境。
  • 【为人类免疫缺陷病毒阳性患者提供的生育服务:提供者的政策,做法和观点。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.05.017 复制DOI
    作者列表:Stanitis JA,Grow DR,Wiczyk H
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:To examine demand for, and access to, fertility services for HIV-positive patients in the United States. DESIGN:An electronic survey. SETTING:The URL for the Web-based survey was e-mailed to those surveyed. PATIENT(S):The 916 members of the Society of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility of the American Society of Reproductive Medicine. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S):Policy and practice in evaluation and treatment of HIV-positive and HIV-serodiscordant couples who desire conception, demand for services, and perceived barriers to providing these services. RESULT(S):The response rate was 22%. Forty percent of respondents reported policies. Fifty-one percent reported requests. Sixty-four percent reported offering treatment to HIV-serodiscordant couples, and 57% reported offering treatment to HIV-positive couples. Treatments most frequently offered to HIV-serodiscordant male-positive couples were reproductive surgery (50%), ovulation induction (46%), and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (45%). Twenty-nine percent of those offering treatment test-washed specimens for HIV. Factors limiting care included the following: low volume of requests (45%), concern for child welfare (37%), no laboratory policy (32%), and legal risk (32%). CONCLUSION(S):Patients who are HIV-positive are seeking fertility services in the United States. The small demand is a major limiting factor to provision of services. There is a lack of global application of current American Society of Reproductive Medicine guidelines. Provider education is needed to ensure that the safest reproductive services are offered to HIV-positive patients. Legal reform is imperative to improve access to reproductive services for the HIV-positive population.
    背景与目标: 目的:研究美国艾滋病毒抗体阳性患者对生育服务的需求和获得途径。
    设计:电子调查。
    设置:基于Web的调查的URL已通过电子邮件发送给被调查者。
    患者:美国生殖医学学会生殖内分泌学和不孕症协会的916名成员。
    主要观察指标:评估和治疗对HIV阳性和HIV血清不一致的夫妇的观念和治疗,他们期望受孕,对服务的需求以及对提供这些服务的认知障碍。
    结果:回应率为22%。 40%的受访者报告了政策。百分之五十一报告了请求。 64%的人报告为艾滋病毒血清不一致的夫妇提供治疗,而57%的人报告为HIV阳性夫妇提供治疗。艾滋病毒-血清不一致的男性阳性夫妇最常使用的治疗方法是生殖手术(50%),排卵诱导(46%)和胞浆内精子注射(45%)。提供治疗测试样本的29%的HIV感染者。限制照料的因素包括:要求量少(45%),对儿童福利的关注(37%),没有实验室政策(32%)和法律风险(32%)。
    结论:艾滋病毒呈阳性的患者正在美国寻求生育服务。需求少是提供服务的主要限制因素。当前美国生殖医学学会指南缺乏全球应用。需要对提供者进行教育,以确保为HIV阳性患者提供最安全的生殖服务。必须进行法律改革,以增加艾滋病毒抗体阳性人群获得生殖服务的机会。
  • 【尽管生物生育力稳定,但对体外受精的需求却在不断增长-一种欧洲悖论。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.04.030 复制DOI
    作者列表:Te Velde E,Habbema D,Nieschlag E,Sobotka T,Burdorf A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: -2
    背景与目标: -2
  • 9 Influence of pesticides on male fertility. 复制标题 收藏 收藏

    【农药对男性生育力的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.5271/sjweh.1060 复制DOI
    作者列表:Bretveld R,Brouwers M,Ebisch I,Roeleveld N
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Several studies have shown a decline in human semen quality and increased risks of male subfertility. This paper provides an overview of the mechanisms of pesticide-induced reproductive toxicity and the effects on male fertility since exposure to pesticides may be one of the causes of these disorders. Pesticides may directly damage spermatozoa, alter Sertoli cell or Leydig cell function, or disrupt the endocrine function in any stage of hormonal regulation (hormone synthesis, release, storage, transport, and clearance; receptor recognition and binding; thyroid function; and the central nervous system). These mechanisms are described with respect to the effects of pesticide exposure in vitro and in vivo. In epidemiologic studies, effects on sperm quality and time to pregnancy are reviewed. Clear effects on male fertility have been demonstrated for some pesticides [eg, dibromochloropropane, ethylene dibromide]. But results from more recent studies are inconsistent, and no uniform conclusion can be drawn about the effects of pesticides on male reproduction.
    背景与目标: :多项研究表明,人类精液质量下降,男性不育症的风险增加。本文概述了农药引起的生殖毒性机理及其对男性生育力的影响,因为接触农药可能是造成这些疾病的原因之一。农药可在荷尔蒙调节的任何阶段(激素合成,释放,储存,运输和清除;受体识别和结合;受体识别和结合;甲状腺功能;以及中枢神经)直接破坏精子,改变Sertoli细胞或Leydig细胞功能,或破坏内分泌功能。系统)。关于体外和体内农药暴露的影响,描述了这些机制。在流行病学研究中,综述了对精子质量和怀孕时间的影响。对于某些农药(例如,二溴氯丙烷,二溴乙烷),已证明对男性生育力有明显影响。但是最近的研究结果并不一致,也无法就农药对雄性生殖的影响得出统一的结论。
  • 【镰状细胞病患者的急性疼痛危机,在进行治愈性干细胞移植之前进行卵巢模拟以保存生育力:病例报告和文献复习。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s10815-017-1008-1 复制DOI
    作者列表:Matthews M,Pollack R
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a cure for sickle cell disease (SCD) but frequently results in permanent sterility. The complications associated with oocyte cryopreservation and risks of future pregnancy are increased in SCD patients. This case report discusses risk reduction strategies and includes a literature review of pregnancy after HSCT. CASE:A 23-year-old woman underwent ovarian stimulation for fertility preservation resulting in cancelation due to acute pain crisis. She underwent a successful oocyte retrieval after exchange transfusion to decrease her hemoglobin S to 30%. This is the second report of a pain crisis in a woman with SCD undergoing oocyte banking. CONCLUSION(S):Women with SCD undergoing fertility preservation may be at increased risk of complications from ovarian stimulation. Risks in pregnancy after HSCT should also be considered before proceeding with fertility preservation.
    背景与目标: 目的:造血干细胞移植(HSCT)可以治愈镰状细胞病(SCD),但通常会导致永久性不育。 SCD患者与卵母细胞冷冻保存相关的并发症和未来怀孕的风险增加。该病例报告讨论了降低风险的策略,并包括了HSCT后妊娠的文献综述。
    案例:一名23岁妇女接受卵巢刺激以保持生育能力,并由于急性疼痛危机而取消治疗。交换输血后,她的卵母细胞恢复成功,使血红蛋白S降至30%。这是第二例有关患有卵母细胞沉积的SCD妇女的疼痛危机的报告。
    结论:患有SCD的妇女在保持生育能力的情况下,卵巢刺激引起并发症的风险可能增加。在保留生育能力之前,还应考虑HSCT后怀孕的风险。
  • 【水杨基偶氮磺吡啶(磺胺嘧啶)对男性生育力的影响。回顾。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1986.tb00866.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Giwercman A,Skakkebaek NE
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Salicylazosulfapyridine (SASP), a drug used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases, has been reported to depress the fertility in males. Therefore, some authors have proposed SASP as a new lead in the search for a contraceptive for men. Based on a review of the literature, our conclusion is that SASP taken in tolerable doses has not sufficient antifertility effect. Additionally, the drug has too serious and too many side effects to be accepted as a contraceptive. However, the effect on male fertility of other sulfa drugs and related compounds remains to be investigated.
    背景与目标: :Salicylazosulfapyridine(SASP),一种用于治疗炎症性肠病的药物,据称会降低男性的生育能力。因此,一些作者提出SASP作为寻找男性避孕药的新途径。根据文献回顾,我们的结论是,以可接受的剂量服用SASP并没有足够的抗生育作用。另外,该药物具有太严重和太多的副作用而不能被接受为避孕药。但是,其他磺胺类药物和相关化合物对男性生育能力的影响仍有待研究。
  • 【男女同性恋者和未婚者获得生育治疗。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.08.085 复制DOI
    作者列表:Ethics Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine.
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :This statement explores the implications of reproduction by single and homosexual individuals and concludes that ethical arguments supporting denial of access to fertility services on the basis of marital status or sexual orientation cannot be justified.
    背景与目标: :该陈述探讨了单身和同性恋者生殖的影响,并得出结论认为,基于婚姻状况或性取向而拒绝提供生育服务的道德论据是没有道理的。
  • 【精子运动和雄性受精所需要的精子离子通道。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1038/35098027 复制DOI
    作者列表:Ren D,Navarro B,Perez G,Jackson AC,Hsu S,Shi Q,Tilly JL,Clapham DE
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Calcium and cyclic nucleotides have crucial roles in mammalian fertilization, but the molecules comprising the Ca2+-permeation pathway in sperm motility are poorly understood. Here we describe a putative sperm cation channel, CatSper, whose amino-acid sequence most closely resembles a single, six-transmembrane-spanning repeat of the voltage-dependent Ca2+-channel four-repeat structure. CatSper is located specifically in the principal piece of the sperm tail. Targeted disruption of the gene results in male sterility in otherwise normal mice. Sperm motility is decreased markedly in CatSper-/- mice, and CatSper-/- sperm are unable to fertilize intact eggs. In addition, the cyclic-AMP-induced Ca2+ influx is abolished in the sperm of mutant mice. CatSper is thus vital to cAMP-mediated Ca2+ influx in sperm, sperm motility and fertilization. CatSper represents an excellent target for non-hormonal contraceptives for both men and women.
    背景与目标: 钙和环状核苷酸在哺乳动物受精中起关键作用,但对精子运动中包含Ca2渗透途径的分子了解甚少。在这里,我们描述了一个假定的精子阳离子通道,CatSper,其氨基酸序列最类似于电压依赖性Ca2通道四重复结构的单个跨膜跨度为6的重复序列。 CatSper特别位于精子尾巴的主要部分。基因的靶向破坏导致其他正常小鼠的雄性不育。 CatSper-/-小鼠的精子活力明显降低,CatSper //-精子无法使完整的卵受精。另外,在突变小鼠的精子中消除了环AMP诱导的Ca 2内流。因此,CatSper对于cAMP介导的Ca2流入精子,精子运动和受精至关重要。 CatSper代表男女非激素避孕药的绝佳目标。
  • 【吉利亚(Gilia)一个物种杂交中的生存力与生育力之间的联系。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Grant V
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: -2
    背景与目标: -2
  • 【使用来自丹麦荷斯坦奶牛的真实和模拟数据,对女性生育力中的优势作用进行全基因组关联映射。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1038/s41598-020-59788-5 复制DOI
    作者列表:Mao X,Sahana G,Johansson AM,Liu A,Ismael A,Løvendahl P,De Koning DJ,Guldbrandtsen B
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Exploring dominance variance and loci contributing to dominance variation is important to understand the genetic architecture behind quantitative traits. The objectives of this study were i) to estimate dominance variances, ii) to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) with dominant effects, and iii) to evaluate the power and the precision of identifying loci with dominance effect through post-hoc simulations, with applications for female fertility in Danish Holstein cattle. The female fertility records analyzed were number of inseminations (NINS), days from calving to first insemination (ICF), and days from the first to last insemination (IFL), covering both abilities to recycle and to get pregnant in the female reproductive cycle. There were 3,040 heifers and 4,483 cows with both female fertility records and Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip genotypes (35,391 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) after quality control). Genomic best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) models were used to estimate additive and dominance genetic variances. Linear mixed models were used for association analyses. A post-hoc simulation study was performed using genotyped heifers' data. In heifers, estimates of dominance genetic variances for female fertility traits were larger than additive genetic variances, but had large standard errors. The variance components for fertility traits in cows could not be estimated due to non-convergence of the statistical model. In total, five QTL located on chromosomes 9, 11 (2 QTL), 19, and 28 were identified and all of them showed both additive and dominance genetic effects. Among them, the SNP rs29018921 on chromosome 9 is close to a previously identified QTL in Nordic Holstein for interval between first and last insemination. This SNP is located in the 3' untranslated region of gene peptidylprolyl isomerase like 4 (PPIL4), which was shown to be associated with milk production traits in US Holstein cattle but not known for fertility-related functions. Simulations indicated that the current sample size had limited power to detect QTL with dominance effects for female fertility probably due to low QTL variance. More females need to be genotyped to achieve reliable mapping of QTL with dominance effects for female fertility.
    背景与目标: :探索优势变异和导致优势变异的基因座对于理解定量性状背后的遗传结构很重要。这项研究的目的是:i)估计优势变异,ii)检测具有显性效应的数量性状基因座(QTL),iii)评估通过事后模拟,丹麦荷斯坦牛的雌性育性应用。分析的女性生育率记录为受精次数(NINS),从产犊到第一次受精的天数(ICF)和从第一次受精到最后一次受精的天数(IFL),涵盖了女性生殖周期中的循环能力和受孕能力。有3,040头小母牛和4,483头母牛既有雌性育种记录,又有Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip基因型(质量控制后有35,391个单核苷酸多态性(SNP))。基因组最佳线性无偏预测(BLUP)模型用于估计加性和优势遗传方差。线性混合模型用于关联分析。使用基因型小母牛的数据进行了事后模拟研究。在小母牛中,女性育性性状的优势遗传方差估计值大于加性遗传方差,但标准误较大。由于统计模型的不收敛性,无法估计母牛生育力特征的方差成分。总共鉴定出了位于9号,11号(2个QTL),19号和28号染色体上的5个QTL,它们都显示了加性和优势遗传效应。其中,第9号染色体上的SNP rs29018921接近先前在Nordic Holstein中确定的QTL,在第一次和最后一次授精之间。该SNP位于像4(PPIL4)的肽基脯氨酰异构酶基因的3'非翻译区,已显示与美国荷斯坦牛的奶生产性状有关,但与生育力相关的功能未知。模拟表明,当前的样本量检测QTL的能力有限,可能对QTL的影响较小,这对女性的生育力具有主导作用。需要对更多的雌性进行基因分型以实现可靠的QTL定位,并具有显着的雌性育性效应。

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