• 【俄斯特拉发大学附属医院血液中心的粒细胞采集程序。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.5507/bp.2012.071 复制DOI
    作者列表:Cermakova Z,Blahutova S,Papajik T,Galuszkova D,Hubacek J,Sommerova M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Granulocyte apheresis is a safe and effective method for granulocyte collection. We present a five year experience (2006-2010) of the Blood Center, Faculty Hospital Ostrava, Czech Republic. Donor granulocyte transfusion is one treatment option for haemato-oncology patients with severe neutropenia complicated by bacterial/fungal infections unresponsive to standard antibiotic/antifungal treatment. In this study, we describe the experiences of the Blood Centre at the Faculty Hospital in Ostrava of granulocyte apheresis. METHODS AND RESULTS:A total of 149 granulocyte units were collected for 33 patients from the Department of Haemato-oncology, University Hospital Olomouc, over a 5-year period (2006-2010). Information on donor selection, laboratory screening, mobilization regimen and granulocyte yield was obtained and analyzed. All mandatory screening tests for infection markers, AB0 and Rh and abnormal erythrocyte antibodies were performed. The cytomegalovirus status of the donors was not investigated. Steroids were the only mobilization regimen used, and were generally well accepted. The mean granulocyte yield was 12.6×10(9)/per transfusion unit (range 5.4-30.3). All granulocyte concentrates were irradiated and transfused according to AB0 Rh compatibility within 24 h after collection. CONCLUSION:Based on our experience, granulocytapheresis is a safe and effective method for obtaining granulocytes but the yield can be significantly influenced by other variables. From the recipients' perspective, the use of donor granulocytes supports an effective therapeutic modality.
    背景与目标: 背景:粒细胞单采是一种安全有效的收集粒细胞的方法。我们介绍了捷克共和国俄斯特拉发学院医院血液中心的五年经验(2006-2010)。供体粒细胞输注是严重中性粒细胞减少症并发细菌/真菌感染而对标准抗生素/抗真菌治疗无反应的血液肿瘤患者的一种治疗选择。在这项研究中,我们描述了粒细胞单采的俄斯特拉发大学医院血液中心的经验。
    方法与结果:在5年期间(2006-2010年),从Olomouc大学医院血液肿瘤科收集了149粒粒细胞单位,用于33例患者。获得并分析了有关供体选择,实验室筛查,动员方案和粒细胞产量的信息。进行了所有感染标志物,AB0和Rh和异常红细胞抗体的强制性筛查测试。没有研究捐赠者的巨细胞病毒状况。类固醇是唯一使用的动员方案,并且普遍被接受。平均粒细胞产量为12.6×10(9)/每输血单位(范围5.4-30.3)。收集后24小时内,按照AB0 Rh相容性对所有粒细胞浓缩物进行辐照和输血。
    结论:根据我们的经验,粒细胞穿刺术是一种安全有效的获取粒细胞的方法,但产量会受到其他变量的显着影响。从接受者的角度来看,使用供体粒细胞支持有效的治疗方式。
  • 2 Retention Rates in New Contact Lens Wearers. 复制标题 收藏 收藏

    【新隐形眼镜佩戴者的保留率。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1097/ICL.0000000000000402 复制DOI
    作者列表:Sulley A,Young G,Hunt C,McCready S,Targett MT,Craven R
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:To determine the retention rate (RR) for neophyte patients fitted with contact lenses (CLs) and to identify factors associated with retention and dropout. METHOD:This multisite, sponsor-masked registry study evaluated the 1-year status of neophyte CL wearers fitted in a representative range of UK practices. A total of 26 UK investigational sites each recruited up to 89 neophyte patients. The participants were requested to complete surveys at 1 month (±1 week from date of fitting), 3 months (±2 weeks), and 12 months (±3 weeks) online or through phone. Participants were contacted by email (or phone) and invited to complete an online survey that asked a range of questions regarding their CL wearing experience. RESULTS:Of the 531 participants recruited, 65.3% (347/531) responded to at least one follow-up survey and 42.3% (225/531) responded to all three surveys. One in four patients showed discontinued CL wear by 12 months. Based on evaluable subjects at 12 months, the RR was 77.6% (194/250, 95% confidence interval: 72.0-82.3). The most common reason for discontinuation was problems with vision (41%), followed by discomfort (36%) and handling problems (25%). The factors affecting first-year RRs: sex, spherical refraction, lens usage (full time or part time), and supply method (collected or posted). CONCLUSIONS:In this prospective study, the first-year RR for neophyte CL wearers was 77.6%. This was consistent with that noted in a retrospective study: 74.0%. As with the previous study, the commonly cited reason for discontinuation was visual problems.
    背景与目标: 目的:确定配戴隐形眼镜(CL)的初生患者的保留率(RR),并确定与保留和辍学相关的因素。
    方法:这项由赞助商掩盖的多站点注册表研究评估了英国代表性实践中安装的初生CL佩戴者的1年状态。总共有26个英国研究场所各自招募了89名新生患者。要求参与者在1个月(自安装之日起±1周),3个月(±2周)和12个月(±3周)内通过在线或电话完成调查。通过电子邮件(或电话)与参与者进行了联系,并邀请他们完成在线调查,询问有关其穿着CL的经历的一系列问题。
    结果:在招募的531名参与者中,有65.3%(347/531)回答了至少一项随访调查,而42.3%(225/531)回答了全部三项调查。四分之一的患者显示12个月后不再佩戴CL。根据在12个月时可评估的受试者,RR为77.6%(194 / 250,95%置信区间:72.0-82.3)。停药的最常见原因是视力问题(41%),其次是不适感(36%)和操作问题(25%)。影响第一年RR的因素:性别,球面屈光度,镜片使用情况(全职或兼职)和供应方式(收集或发布)。
    结论:在这项前瞻性研究中,初生CL佩戴者的第一年RR为77.6%。这与回顾性研究中指出的一致:74.0%。与先前的研究一样,停药的原因通常是视觉问题。
  • 【教师何时退休?:影响护士教育者退休决定的因素。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.3928/01484834-20060901-04 复制DOI
    作者列表:Kowalski SD,Dalley K,Weigand T
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :This cross-sectional study surveyed a random sample of 129 nurse educators teaching in 61 U.S. schools of nursing. After the educators indicated their desire to participate, the survey instrument was e-mailed to them for completion; a 37.6% response rate was obtained. Demographically, the typical respondent was a healthy, 52-year-old, Caucasian female with a PhD in nursing. Outcomes reflected that respondents' mean anticipated age of retirement was 64.4; however, the optimal age of retirement desired by respondents was younger (62.4). The most influential factor affecting the timing of retirement was financial status. Workplace issues, personal and family health, and attitudes about retirement were other factors that affected participants' retirement decisions. The study findings indicate that nurse educators, as a group, do not plan to work beyond age 65.
    背景与目标: :这项横断面研究随机抽取了美国61所护理学校中129名教学教师的随机样本。在教育工作者表示希望参加之后,将调查工具通过电子邮件发送给他们,以供他们填写。获得了37.6%的响应率。人口统计学上,典型的受访者是健康的52岁白人女性,具有护理学博士学位。结果表明,受访者的平均预期退休年龄为64.4。然而,受访者期望的最佳退休年龄是年轻的(62.4)。影响退休时间的最有影响的因素是财务状况。工作场所问题,个人和家庭健康以及对退休的态度是影响参与者退休决定的其他因素。研究结果表明,护士教育者作为一个整体,不打算在65岁以上工作。
  • 【在疲劳加载之前和之后保留ERA直接覆盖义齿的附件。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Gamborena JI,Hazelton LR,NaBadalung D,Brudvik J
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :This in vitro study investigated the retention of the four different color-coded ERA attachments prior to and after various levels of fatigue loading (at baseline, at 500 cycles, and after every 500 cycles up to 5,500 cycles). Samples were placed in the Instron testing machine for determination of initial retentive values and then cycled in a specially designed fatigue machine and retested. The results of this study demonstrated that although there are four different retentive elements supplied by the manufacturer of the ERA system, there were only two significantly different groups; (1) the white attachments and (2) the orange, blue, and gray attachments (P < .05). After 500 cycles, there was a loss in retention of 60% for the white, 60% for the orange, 56% for the blue, and 54% for the gray. After 1,500 cycles there was no difference in retentive values for any of the four colored attachments (P < .05). Microscopic examination of worn specimens supported the findings of the fatigue testing.
    背景与目标: :这项体外研究调查了在不同水平的疲劳负荷之前和之后(在基线,500次循环以及每500次循环后最多5500次循环),四种不同颜色编码的ERA附件的保留情况。将样品放入Instron测试机中以确定初始保持值,然后在专门设计的疲劳机中循环并重新测试。这项研究的结果表明,尽管ERA系统的制造商提供了四种不同的保持元件,但只有两个显着不同的组; (1)白色附件,以及(2)橙色,蓝色和灰色附件(P <.05)。 500次循环后,白色的保留率降低了60%,橙色的保留率降低了60%,蓝色的保留率降低了56%,灰色的保留率降低了54%。在1,500个循环之后,四个彩色附件中的任何一个的保持力值均无差异(P <.05)。磨损样品的显微镜检查支持了疲劳测试的结果。
  • 【模拟了树木保留时间对木材产量,枯木和碳储量变化的长期影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.06.026 复制DOI
    作者列表:Santaniello F,Djupström LB,Ranius T,Weslien J,Rudolphi J,Sonesson J
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Boreal forests are an important source of timber and pulp wood, but provide also other products and services. Utilizing a simulation program and field data from a tree retention experiment in a Scots pine forest in central Sweden, we simulated the consequences during the following 100 years of various levels of retention on production of merchantable wood, dead wood input (as a proxy for biodiversity), and carbon stock changes. At the stand level, wood production decreased with increased retention levels, while dead wood input and carbon stock increased. We also compared 12 scenarios representing a land sharing/land sparing gradient. In each scenario, a constant volume of wood was harvested with a specific level of retention in a 100-ha landscape. The area not needed to reach the defined volume was set-aside during a 100-year rotation period, leading to decreasing area of set-asides with increasing level of retention across the 12 scenarios. Dead wood input was positively affected by the level of tree retention whereas the average carbon stock decreased slightly with increasing level of tree retention. The scenarios will probably vary in how they favor species preferring different substrates. Therefore, we conclude that a larger variation of landscape-level conservation strategies, also including active creation of dead wood, may be an attractive complement to the existing management.
    背景与目标: :北方森林是木材和纸浆木材的重要来源,但也提供其他产品和服务。利用模拟程序和来自瑞典中部苏格兰松树林的树木保留实验的现场数据,我们模拟了在接下来的100年中,不同保留水平对可买卖木材,死木投入物(作为生物多样性的替代品)生产的后果),以及碳库的变化。在展位水平上,木材产量随着保留水平的提高而下降,而死木投入和碳储量却增加了。我们还比较了代表土地共享/土地节约梯度的12个方案。在每种情况下,均会在100公顷的景观中采伐恒定体积的木材,并保留特定的水平。在100年的轮换期内,预留了不需要达到定义体积的区域,这导致在12种方案中保留空间的增加,保留空间的增加。树木固持水平对死木投入量产生了积极影响,而平均碳储量随树木固持水平的提高而略有下降。这些方案可能会在它们如何偏爱具有不同底物的物种方面有所不同。因此,我们得出结论,景观级保护策略的更大变化,包括积极创建枯木,可能是对现有管理的一种有吸引力的补充。
  • 【取得许可前学士学位的护士教育中的师生信任和学生成功。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.nedt.2012.08.006 复制DOI
    作者列表:Scarbrough JE
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:Nurse educators need an enhanced understanding of factors contributing to nursing student success to decrease attrition and increase retention. Improved understanding of factors related to successful nurse preparation could improve educational processes and facilitate student success, thereby addressing the worldwide nursing shortage as well as increasing the competence and expertise of new graduates. Student-faculty trust and related characteristics have been identified as factors associated with student success (Applebaum, 1995). Research investigating trust in communications and education has been conducted with students in other disciplines but not with nursing students. This research investigated the complex relationships between students' trust in faculty, the students' mood states, and students' educational performance and outcomes. METHOD:The study utilized a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational design. Student volunteers were recruited from a baccalaureate nursing education program located in the southwest United States. Participants completed three instruments: the Health Sciences Reasoning Test (HSRT), Profile of Mood States (POMS), and Interpersonal Trust Scale (ITS). The resulting scores were compared and contrasted along with selected demographic variables. RESULTS:The study identified a significant relationship between total mood disturbance and interpersonal trust. The trends in the POMS subscales of Anger and Confusion are of particular interest, as the two factors strongly influenced shifts in Total Mood Disturbance. As students progressed through the nursing program, experiences of Anger and Confusion increased with each progressive semester and were accompanied by corresponding decreases in trust. CONCLUSIONS:The results complement established findings relating mood and cognitive function. Alterations in the student's level of trust potentially could share relationships with cognition and critical thinking, although perhaps not in a direct and linear fashion.
    背景与目标: 目的:护士教育者需要加深对有助于护理学生成功的因素的了解,以减少损耗和增加保留率。更好地理解与成功的护士准备相关的因素,可以改善教育过程并促进学生的成功,从而解决全球范围内的护理短缺问题,并提高新毕业生的能力和专业知识。学生与教师之间的信任和相关特征已被确定为与学生成功相关的因素(Applebaum,1995)。已经与其他学科的学生进行了调查研究,以研究对交流和教育的信任,但没有与护理专业的学生进行。这项研究调查了学生对教师的信任,学生的情绪状态以及学生的教育表现和成果之间的复杂关系。
    方法:本研究采用定量,横断面,描述性和相关性设计。学生志愿者是从位于美国西南部的学士学位护理教育计划招募的。参与者完成了三项工具:健康科学推理测验(HSRT),情绪状态简介(POMS)和人际信任量表(ITS)。将所得分数与选定的人口统计学变量进行比较和对比。
    结果:该研究确定了总情绪障碍与人际信任之间的显着关系。愤怒和混乱的POMS子量表的趋势特别受关注,因为这两个因素强烈影响了总情绪干扰的变化。随着学生逐步完成护理计划,每学期的学期中,愤怒和困惑的经历就会增加,随之而来的是信任的减少。
    结论:该结果补充了有关情绪和认知功能的既定发现。学生信任度的改变可能会与认知和批判性思维共享关系,尽管可能不是直接和线性的方式。
  • 【大鼠体内不溶性透明质酸的胸腔内保留及其吸收过程。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1177/0391398819885126 复制DOI
    作者列表:Uemura A,Ogawa S,Tanaka R
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Post-thoracotomy adhesions are frequent postoperative complications. It has been reported that insoluble hyaluronic acid may prevent adhesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS:This study had two objectives: first, to determine the in vivo degradation and absorption process, as well as the intrathoracic retention, of solid insoluble hyaluronic acid membrane; and second, to elucidate the association between postoperative intrathoracic retention and the morphological changes of insoluble hyaluronic acid in 12 Wistar rats. Insoluble hyaluronic acid membranes were cut into 2.0 cm × 1.0 cm rectangles in a dry state. After weighing, the test membranes were soaked and washed with saline to be implanted after pericardiotomy via thoracotomy. At Days 4, 7, 10, 14, and 28 after implantation, the rats were euthanized, the chest was opened, and the condition and implantation site of the inserted test membrane were examined. RESULTS:Although approximately 10 days were required for the test membrane to decrease to half in the thoracic cavity, the intrathoracic remnant decreased to a mean of ~2% just 4 days later. CONCLUSION:This study clarified the time-dependent degradation process and remnants of insoluble hyaluronic acid in the thoracic cavity. A close relationship between the intrathoracic remnant of insoluble hyaluronic acid and its morphological change associated with degradation was demonstrated.
    背景与目标: 背景:开胸术后粘连是术后常见的并发症。据报道,不溶性透明质酸可防止粘连。
    材料与方法:这项研究有两个目标:第一,确定固体不溶性透明质酸膜的体内降解和吸收过程以及胸腔内保留。其次,阐明了12只Wistar大鼠术后胸腔内retention留与不溶性透明质酸形态变化之间的关系。在干燥状态下将不溶性透明质酸膜切成2.0×cm××1.0×cm的矩形。称重后,将测试膜浸泡并用盐水洗涤,以在经心包切开术后通过胸廓切开术植入。植入后第4、7、10、14和28天,对大鼠实施安乐死,打开胸腔,并检查插入的测试膜的状况和植入部位。
    结果:尽管测试膜在胸腔中减少到一半需要大约10天的时间,但仅4天后,胸腔内残余物平均减少到〜2%。
    结论:本研究阐明了胸腔中不溶性透明质酸的时间依赖性降解过程和残留。胸腔内残留的不透明质酸和其与降解相关的形态变化之间存在密切的关系。
  • 【奖励幅度和训练频率对杰克逊港鲨鱼Heterodontus portusjacksoni的学习率和记忆力的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s10071-020-01402-2 复制DOI
    作者列表:Heinrich DDU,Vila Pouca C,Brown C,Huveneers C
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The development of adaptive responses to novel situations via learning has been demonstrated in a wide variety of animal taxa. However, knowledge on the learning abilities of one of the oldest extant vertebrate groups, Chondrichthyes, remains limited. With the increasing interest in global wildlife tourism and shark feeding operations, it is important to understand the capacities of these animals to form associations between human activities and food. We used an operant conditioning regime with a simple spatial cognitive task to investigate the effects of reinforcement frequency and reward magnitude on the learning performance and memory retention of Port Jackson sharks (Heterodontus portusjacksoni). Twenty-four Port Jackson sharks were assigned one of four treatments differing in reward magnitude and reinforcement frequency (large magnitude-high frequency; large magnitude-low frequency; small magnitude-high frequency; small magnitude-low frequency). The sharks were trained over a 21-day period to compare the number of days that it took to learn to pass an assigned door to feed. Sharks trained at a high reinforcement frequency demonstrated faster learning rates and a higher number of passes through the correct door at the end of the trials, while reward magnitude had limited effects on learning rate. This suggests that a reduction in reinforcement frequency during tourism-related feeding operations is likely to be more effective in reducing the risk of sharks making associations with food than limiting the amount of food provided.
    背景与目标: :在各种各样的动物分类中,已经证明了通过学习对新情况做出适应性反应的发展。但是,关于现存最古老的脊椎动物群之一的软骨鱼类的学习能力的知识仍然有限。随着对全球野生动植物旅游和鲨鱼饲养活动的兴趣日益浓厚,重要的是要了解这些动物在人类活动与食物之间形成联系的能力。我们使用具有简单空间认知任务的操作条件条件来研究强化频率和奖励幅度对杰克逊港鲨(Heterodontus portusjacksoni)学习成绩和记忆力保持的影响。为二十四只杰克逊港鲨鱼分配了奖励幅度和强化频率不同的四种处理方法之一(大幅度高频率;大幅度低频率;小幅度高频率;小幅度低频)。对鲨鱼进行了为期21天的培训,以比较学习通过指定的门进食所需的天数。在试验结束时,以高加固频率训练的鲨鱼显示出更快的学习速度和通过正确门的次数,而奖励幅度对学习速度的影响有限。这表明,在减少与旅游有关的进食过程中,加固频率的降低可能比限制提供的食物数量更有效地降低了鲨鱼与食物发生关联的风险。
  • 【使用液态生物转化混合真菌接种法评估不同水力停留时间下的污水污泥生物修复。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s11356-013-1974-5 复制DOI
    作者列表:Rahman RA,Molla AH,Fakhru'l-Razi A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Sustainable, environmental friendly, and safe disposal of sewage treatment plant (STP) sludge is a global expectation. Bioremediation performance was examined at different hydraulic retention times (HRT) in 3-10 days and organic loading rates (OLR) at 0.66-7.81 g chemical oxygen demand (COD) per liter per day, with mixed filamentous fungal (Aspergillus niger and Penicillium corylophilum) inoculation by liquid-state bioconversion (LSB) technique as a continuous process in large-scale bioreactor. Encouraging results were monitored in treated sludge by LSB continuous process. The highest removal of total suspended solid (TSS), turbidity, and COD were achieved at 98, 99, and 93%, respectively, at 10 days HRT compared to control. The minimum volatile suspended solid/suspended solid implies the quality of water, which was recorded 0.59 at 10 days and 0.72 at 3 days of HRT. In treated supernatant with 88% protein removal at 10 days of HRT indicates a higher magnitude of purification of treated sludge. The specific resistance to filtration (SRF) quantifies the performance of dewaterability; it was recorded minimum 0.049 × 10(12) m kg(-1) at 10 days of HRT, which was equivalent to 97% decrease of SRF. The lower OLR and higher HRT directly influenced the bioremediation and dewaterability of STP sludge in LSB process. The obtained findings imply encouraging message in continuing treatment of STP sludge, i.e., bioremediation of wastewater for environmental friendly disposal in near future.
    背景与目标: :对污水处理厂(STP)污泥进行可持续,环保和安全的处置是一项全球期望。在3-10天的不同水力停留时间(HRT)和每升每天0.66-7.81 g化学需氧量(COD)的有机负荷率(OLR)下,对混合的丝状真菌(黑曲霉和耐青霉菌)进行生物修复性能检查液态生物转化(LSB)技术进行接种是大规模生物反应器中的一个连续过程。通过LSB连续过程对处理后的污泥进行了令人鼓舞的结果。与对照组相比,在HRT放置10天时,总悬浮固体(TSS),浊度和COD的去除率最高,分别为98%,99%和93%。最小的挥发性悬浮固体/悬浮固体表示水的质量,HRT在10天时记录为0.59,在3天时记录为0.72。在经过处理的上清液中,在HRT停留10天时蛋白质去除率达到88%,这表明处理过的污泥的净化程度更高。特定的过滤抗性(SRF)量化了脱水性能;在HRT停留10天时,记录的最小值为0.049×10(12)m kg(-1),相当于SRF降低了97%。较低的OLR和较高的HRT直接影响LSB工艺中STP污泥的生物修复和脱水能力。获得的发现暗示了在继续处理STP污泥方面的令人鼓舞的信息,即在不久的将来对废水进行生物修复以进行环境友好的处置。
  • 【具有细胞转导和保留肽融合的金属硫蛋白双模式增强。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.07.009 复制DOI
    作者列表:Lim KS,Lim MH,Won YW,Kim JK,Kang YC,Park EJ,Chae JW,Kim SM,Ryu SE,Pak YK,Kim YH
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Protein transduction domains (PTDs), also known as cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), have been developed as effective systems for delivering bio-active cargos such as proteins, genes and particles. Further improvements on cell-specific targeting, intracellular organelle targeting and intracellular retention are still necessary to enhance the therapeutic effect of PTD fusion proteins. In order to enhance the cell transduction and retention of anti-oxidative metallothionein protein (MT), MT was recombinantly fused with transcriptional activator (Tat) with or without a short peptide (sMTS) derived from mitochondria malate dehydrogenase (mMDH). Cellular uptake and retention time of fusion protein were significantly increased in the H9c2 cell by sMTS. The Tat-sMTS-MT (TMM) fusion protein protected H9c2 cells more effectively against hypoxia, hyperglycemia and combination compared with Tat-MT (TM) by reducing intracellular ROS level. It maintained the normal blood glucose level over an extended period of time in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model. PTD-sMTS-MT fusion protein has a potential to be used as a therapeutic protein for the treatment or prevention of diabetes and diabetic complications.
    背景与目标: :蛋白转导域(PTDs),也称为细胞穿透肽(CPPs),已被开发为有效的系统,可输送蛋白质,基因和颗粒等具有生物活性的货物。为了增强PTD融合蛋白的治疗效果,仍需要对细胞特异性靶向,细胞内细胞器靶向和细胞内保留进行进一步的改进。为了增强细胞转导和抗氧化金属硫蛋白蛋白(MT)的保留,将MT与转录激活剂(Tat)重组融合,融合或不融合衍生自线粒体苹果酸脱氢酶(mMDH)的短肽(sMTS)。 sMTS在H9c2细胞中显着增加了融合蛋白的细胞摄取和保留时间。与Tat-MT(TM)相比,Tat-sMTS-MT(TMM)融合蛋白通过降低细胞内ROS水平,更有效地保护了H9c2细胞免受缺氧,高血糖症和联合症的侵害。在链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病小鼠模型中,它可以长时间维持正常的血糖水平。 PTD-sMTS-MT融合蛋白具有用作治疗或预防糖尿病和糖尿病并发症的治疗蛋白的潜力。
  • 【三代学术指导团队:护理学教师指导的新方法。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1097/NNE.0000000000000777 复制DOI
    作者列表:Webber E,Vaughn-Deneen T,Anthony M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:New faculty are often not prepared for a career in academia, and the transition can be challenging. They often come from practice environments where work expectations are clearly delineated. PROBLEM:Traditional mentoring programs typically pair new with experienced faculty members who are expected to provide guidance and advice. Results of the hierarchical dyad method have been mixed. APPROACH:Three generations of faculty formed a team composed of a tenured, a midcareer, and a new faculty member. The midcareer educator was better suited to help the novice prepare to teach, as they had recently been through the process, whereas the tenured faculty member was able to provide scholarship support to both. CONCLUSIONS:Providing new faculty with 2 mentors in a constellation format, along with the opportunity to network during structured mentoring meetings, contributed to a smooth onboarding of new faculty and provided scholarship support for the midcareer faculty member.
    背景与目标: 背景:新教师通常不为学术界的职业做好准备,而过渡可能会充满挑战。他们通常来自明确描述工作期望的实践环境。
    问题:传统的指导课程通常与新的经验丰富的教职员工配对,他们将提供指导和建议。分层二分法的结果好坏参半。
    方法:三代教师组成了一个由终身职位,中期职业和新员工组成的团队。中期职业教育家更适合于帮助新手准备教书,就像他们最近经历的那样,而终身任职的教师能够为这两个人提供奖学金支持。
    结论:以星座形式为新教师提供2名导师,并在结构化导师会议期间提供网络交流的机会,为新教师的顺利入职做出了贡献,并为职业中期教师提供了奖学金支持。
  • 【保留伯氏疏螺旋体的关键毒力质粒的遗传基础。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05969.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Jewett MW,Byram R,Bestor A,Tilly K,Lawrence K,Burtnick MN,Gherardini F,Rosa PA
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The genome of Borrelia burgdorferi is composed of one linear chromosome and approximately 20 linear and circular plasmids. Although some plasmids are required by B. burgdorferi in vivo, most plasmids are dispensable for growth in vitro. However, circular plasmid (cp) 26 is present in all natural isolates and has never been lost during in vitro growth. This plasmid carries ospC, which is critical for mammalian infection. We previously showed that cp26 encodes essential functions, including the telomere resolvase, ResT, and hence cannot be displaced. Here we identify two additional essential genes on cp26, bbb26 and bbb27, through a systematic attempt to inactivate each open reading frame (ORF). Furthermore, an incompatible plasmid carrying resT, bbb26 and bbb27 could displace cp26. Computational and experimental analyses suggested that both BBB26 and BBB27 are membrane-associated, periplasmic proteins. These data indicate that bbb26 and bbb27 encode essential but possibly redundant functions and that one or the other of these cp26 genes, in addition to resT, is required for bacterial viability. We conclude that the genetic linkage of critical physiological and virulence functions on cp26 is pertinent to its stable maintenance throughout the evolution of B. burgdorferi.
    背景与目标: 伯氏疏螺旋体的基因组由一个线性染色体和大约20个线性和环状质粒组成。尽管B. burgdorferi体内需要一些质粒,但大多数质粒对于体外生长都是可有可无的。但是,环状质粒(cp)26存在于所有天然分离物中,并且在体外生长过程中从未丢失。该质粒带有ospC,这对哺乳动物的感染至关重要。先前我们证明了cp26编码基本功能,包括端粒分辨酶ResT,因此不能被取代。在这里,我们通过使每个开放阅读框(ORF)失活的系统尝试,确定了cp26上的两个其他必需基因,即bbb26和bbb27。此外,携带resT,bbb26和bbb27的不相容质粒可能会取代cp26。计算和实验分析表明BBB26和BBB27都是膜相关的周质蛋白。这些数据表明,bbb26和bbb27编码必需但可能是冗余的功能,并且这些cp26基因中的一个或另一个,除了resT之外,还需要细菌生存能力。我们得出结论,在cp26整个进化过程中,关键的生理和毒力功能在cp26上的遗传联系与其稳定维持有关。
  • 【颗粒状渗透混凝土柱中溶解金属的浸出和保留。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.047 复制DOI
    作者列表:Vadas TM,Smith M,Luan H
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :This study examined metal leaching and retention in pervious concrete with or without embedded particulate matter. Particulate matter was collected from an adjacent parking lot and from a nearby parking garage as examples of weathered and un-weathered particulate matter. Particle size distributions were similar, but metal content was 3-35-fold higher and organic matter content was 3-fold higher in the parking garage particulate matter compared to the parking lot particulate matter. Replicate columns were established with either no particulate added as the control, or 20 g of parking lot or parking garage particulate matter. Synthetic rainwater was passed through the columns at variable rainfall intensity or fixed intensity to assess leaching. Metals were leached at higher concentrations from the parking garage particulate amended column, but from all columns less than 1% of the metal mass leached. Rainfall intensity did not have a large effect on leached metal concentrations, only varying effluent by about 2-fold. Synthetic stormwater with elevated dissolved Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb concentrations was passed through the same columns and metal removal efficiencies were on the order of 85-95%, 30-95%, 60-90%, and 95+% for each metal, respectively. After loading the column with a year's worth of stormwater metal exposure, removal efficiencies in the no particulate and parking lot particulate amended columns decreased, while parking garage particulate amended columns performed similarly with a small drop in Cu and Pb removal efficiencies. Generally, columns with no particulate and parking lot particulate amendments performed similarly, suggesting the pervious concrete is responsible for the majority of the initial metal retention. The parking garage particulate amended columns retained more metals from stormwater, perhaps due to an increase in pH that promoted surface precipitation as hydroxides or carbonate species on the pervious concrete, or due to complexation in the higher concentrations of organic matter and iron oxides in the particulate matter. Overall, metal retention was aided by the presence of organic matter in the particulate matter, but the pervious concrete itself was more important than particulates for metal retention. A strategy to increase metal retention and removal from the environment could involve amending pervious concrete with mixtures of well-defined sorbents to enhance metal retention.
    背景与目标: :这项研究检查了有或没有嵌入颗粒物的渗透混凝土中的金属浸出和保留。从风化和未风化的颗粒物的示例中,从相邻的停车场和附近的停车场收集颗粒物。粒度分布相似,但与停车场颗粒物相比,停车场颗粒物的金属含量高3-35倍,有机物含量高3倍。建立重复色谱柱,不添加任何颗粒作为对照,或者不添加20 g停车场或停车库颗粒物质。合成雨水以可变的降雨强度或固定的强度通过色谱柱,以评估浸出。金属从停车场微粒修正柱中以较高的浓度浸出,但从所有柱中浸出的金属量不到金属总量的1%。降雨强度对浸出的金属浓度影响不大,仅使出水变化约2倍。溶解的Cu,Zn,Cd和Pb浓度升高的合成雨水通过相同的色谱柱,每种金属的金属去除率分别为85-95%,30-95%,60-90%和95%,分别。在向色谱柱加载了一年的暴雨金属暴露后,无颗粒物和停车场颗粒物修正柱的去除效率下降,而车库颗粒物修正柱的去除效率相似,铜和铅的去除率略有下降。通常,没有颗粒物和停车场颗粒物改性剂的柱子的性能相似,表明渗透混凝土是造成大部分初始金属滞留的原因。停车场的颗粒物修正柱保留了来自雨水的更多金属,这可能是由于pH的升高促进了透水性混凝土上氢氧化物或碳酸盐种类的表面沉淀,或者是由于颗粒物中较高浓度的有机物和氧化铁络合所致。事情。总体而言,颗粒状物质中有机物的存在有助于金属的保留,但是对于金属保留而言,透水混凝土本身比颗粒更重要。一种增加金属保留和从环境中去除的策略可能涉及用明确定义的吸附剂混合物对透水混凝土进行修正,以提高金属保留率。
  • 【美国大平原水库的养分和沉积物保留趋势。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s10661-013-3445-3 复制DOI
    作者列表:Cunha DG,do Carmo Calijuri M,Dodds WK
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Reservoirs are artificial ecosystems with physical, chemical, and biological transitional characteristics between rivers and lakes. Greater water retention time in reservoirs provides conditions for cycling materials inputs from upstream waters through sedimentation, biological assimilation and other biogeochemical processes. We investigated the effects of reservoirs on the water quantity and quality in the Great Plains (Kansas, USA), an area where little is known about these dominant hydrologic features. We analyzed a 30-year time-series of discharge, total phosphorus (TP), nitrate (NO3(-)), and total suspended solids (TSS) from six reservoirs and estimated overall removal efficiencies from upstream to downstream, testing correlations among retention, discharge, and time. In general, mean removal of TP (42-74%), TSS (0-93%), and NO3(-) (11-56%) from upstream to downstream did not change over 30 years. TP retention was associated with TSS removal, suggesting that nutrient substantial portion of P was adsorbed to solids. Our results indicated that reservoirs had the effect of lowering variance in the water quality parameters and that these reservoirs are not getting more or less nutrient-rich over time. We found no evidence of temporal changes in the yearly mean upstream and downstream discharges. The ratio upstream/downstream discharge was analyzed because it allowed us to assess how much contribution of additional unsampled tributaries may have biased our ability to calculate retention. Nutrient and sediment removal was less affected by hydraulic residence time than expected. Our study demonstrates that reservoirs can play a role in the removal and processing of nutrient and sediments, which has repercussions when valuing their ecological services and designing watershed management plans.
    背景与目标: :水库是在河流和湖泊之间具有物理,化学和生物过渡特征的人工生态系统。水库中更长的保水时间为通过沉淀,生物同化和其他生物地球化学过程从上游水域输入物料循环提供了条件。我们调查了大平原(美国堪萨斯州)的水库对水量和水质的影响,该地区对这些主要水文特征知之甚少。我们分析了六个水库的30年排放,总磷(TP),硝酸盐(NO3(-))和总悬浮固体(TSS)的时间序列,并估算了上游到下游的总体去除效率,测试了保留之间的相关性,放电和时间。通常,从上游到下游,TP(42-74%),TSS(0-93%)和NO3​​(-)(11-56%)的平均去除率在30年内没有变化。 TP的保留与TSS的去除有关,这表明P的养分相当一部分被吸附到了固体上。我们的结果表明,水库具有降低水质参数差异的作用,并且这些水库不会随时间获得更多或更少的养分。我们没有发现年度平均上游和下游流量随时间变化的证据。之所以对上游/下游流量之比进行了分析,是因为它使我们能够评估其他未采样支流的贡献量可能会影响我们计算保留率的能力。营养液和沉积物的去除受水力停留时间的影响小于预期。我们的研究表明,水库可以在营养物和沉积物的去除和处理中发挥作用,这在评估其生态服务和设计流域管理计划时会产生影响。
  • 【准备情况的变化会影响非洲裔美国人男女在药物滥用治疗中的保留率吗?】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1080/15332640.2017.1300553 复制DOI
    作者列表:Montgomery L,Burlew AK,Korte JE
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :African Americans are less likely than other racial groups to engage in and complete outpatient substance abuse treatment. The current study, conducted as a secondary analysis of a multisite randomized clinical trial, examined whether readiness to change (RTC) over time influences retention and whether gender moderates the relationship between changes in RTC and retention among 194 African American women and men. Participants completed the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment at baseline and at the end of the 16-week study. Findings revealed a significant relationship between RTC over time and retention. Specifically, the more RTC increased throughout the 16-week study, the longer participants remained in treatment. In addition, gender moderated the relationship between changes in RTC and retention, with a stronger association between changes in RTC and retention among men relative to women. One approach to improving substance abuse treatment retention rates is to focus on increasing RTC during treatment, especially among African American men.
    背景与目标: :与其他种族群体相比,非裔美国人参与并完成门诊药物滥用治疗的可能性较小。当前的研究是对一个多地点随机临床试验的次要分析,该研究检查了随着时间的变化准备就绪(RTC)是否会影响保留率,以及性别是否缓解了194名非洲裔美国妇女和男性中RTC变化与保留率之间的关系。参与者在基线和16周研究结束时完成了罗德岛大学变化评估。研究结果表明,RTC随时间推移与保留之间存在显着的关系。具体来说,在整个16周的研究中,RTC的增加幅度越大,参与治疗的时间就越长。此外,性别调节了RTC变化与保留之间的关系,男性相对于女性而言,RTC变化与保留之间的关联更强。提高药物滥用治疗保留率的一种方法是集中于在治疗期间增加RTC,尤其是在非裔美国人中。

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