The distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), enkephalin, galanin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), somatostatin, tachykinins and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was compared in cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral segmental levels of spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia of horse and pig. In both species, immunoreactivity for the peptides under study was observed at all segmental levels of the spinal cord. Peptide-immunoreactive fibres were generally concentrated in laminae I-III, the region around the central canal, and in the autonomic nuclei. A general increase in the number of immunoreactive nerve fibres was noted in the lumbosacral segments of the spinal cord, which was particularly exaggerated in the case of VIP immunoreactivity. In the horse, some CGRP-, somatostatin- or tachykinin-immunoreactive cell bodies were present in the dorsal horn. In the pig, cells immunoreactive for somatostatin, enkephalin or NPY were noted in a similar location. In the ventral horn most motoneurones were CGRP-immunoreactive in both species. However, in pig many other cell types were CGRP-immunoreactive not only in the ventral horn, but also in laminae V-VI of the dorsal horn. With the exception of enkephalin and NPY immunoreactivity, which was not seen in pig dorsal root ganglia, all peptides studied were localised to neuronal cell bodies and/or fibres in the dorsal root ganglia. In both species, immunolabeled cell bodies were observed in ganglia from cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral levels, with the exception of VIP-immunoreactive cells that were detected only in the lumbosacral ganglia. Numerous CGRP- and tachykinin-immunoreactive cell bodies were visualised in both species, while the cells immunolabeled with other peptide antisera were much lower in number. In both species, immunostaining of serial sections revealed that a subset of CGRP-immunoreactive cells co-expressed tachykinin, galanin or somatostatin immunoreactivity. In the horse some enkephalin-immunoreactive cells were also CGRP positive and occasionally combinations of three peptides, e.g. CGRP, tachykinin and galanin or CGRP, tachykinin and enkephalin were identified. The results obtained suggest that the overall pattern of distribution of peptide immunoreactivities is in general agreement with that so far described in other mammals, although some species variations have been observed, particularly regarding the presence of immunoreactive cell bodies in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.