• 【下丘脑腹内侧核损伤破坏了雌性雪貂的嗅觉伴侣识别和接受能力。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2006.08.009 复制DOI
    作者列表:Robarts DW,Baum MJ
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Previous research showed that ferrets of both sexes rely on the perception of conspecifics' body odors to identify and motivate approach towards opposite-sex mating partners, and exposure to male body odors stimulated Fos expression in an olfactory projection circuit of female, but not male, ferrets that terminates in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH). We asked whether the female-typical preference of ferrets to approach male as opposed to female body odors in Y-maze tests would be disrupted by VMH lesions. Sexually experienced female ferrets were ovo-hysterectomized prior to receiving bilateral electrolytic lesions of the VMH, the preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus (POA/AH) or a sham operation. Subsequently, while receiving estradiol benzoate, females that received either complete or partial bilateral lesions of the VMH approached volatile odors from an anesthetized male on significantly fewer trials than females given POA/AH lesions or a sham operation. Both groups of ferrets with VMH lesion damage reliably discriminated between volatile anal scents as well as urinary odors from the 2 sexes in home cage habituation/dishabituation tests, suggesting that their odor-based sex discrimination remained intact. Females with complete bilateral VMH lesions showed significantly lower acceptance of neck gripping from a stimulus male (receptivity) and more aggression towards the male than all other groups of female subjects. Estrogen-sensitive neurons in the VMH appear to play a central role in female-typical neural processing of odor inputs leading to a preference to seek out a male sex partner, in addition to facilitating females' sexual receptivity.
    背景与目标: :先前的研究表明,两性雪貂都依靠对同种物种的体味的感知来识别和激发异性交配伴侣的方式,而暴露于男性的体味会刺激雌性而不是雄性的嗅觉投射回路中的Fos表达,终止于腹膜下丘脑核(VMH)的雪貂。我们询问在VMH病变中,雪貂在Y型迷宫测试中对女性趋向于男性而不是女性具有典型的雌性偏爱。有性经历的雌性雪貂在接受VMH的双侧电解损伤,视前区/下丘脑前部(POA / AH)或假手术前进行了子宫切除术。随后,在接受雌二醇苯甲酸酯治疗的同时,接受了VMH完全或部分双侧病变的雌性从麻醉的男性接近挥发性气味,在试验中,接受POA / AH病变或假手术的女性明显少于女性。在笼养习性/适应性测试中,两组VMH损伤的雪貂都能可靠地区分挥发性的肛门气味和两种性别的尿臭味,这表明他们基于气味的性别歧视仍然完好无损。与所有其他女性受试者相比,具有完全双侧VMH病变的女性表现出的刺激男性对颈部抓握的接受度(接受度)显着降低,并且对男性的攻击性更高。 VMH中对雌激素敏感的神经元似乎在女性典型的气味输入神经处理中起着核心作用,除了促进女性的性接受能力外,导致倾向于寻找男性伴侣。
  • 【纹状体中多巴胺和谷氨酸之间的突触可塑性和生理相互作用。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/s0149-7634(96)00029-2 复制DOI
    作者列表:Calabresi P,Pisani A,Centonze D,Bernardi G
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: Several electrophysiological studies have addressed the interaction between glutamate and dopamine within the striatum. Although the results obtained from these studies were often conflicting, more recently the characterization of new forms of synaptic plasticity in the basal ganglia provided a possible integrative explanation of the different electrophysiological data regarding the interaction between these transmitters. In this review we will try to summarize and discuss the available data concerning the possible impact of the functional role of D1 and D2 receptor activation on the modulation of the glutamatergic corticostriatal pathway. Moreover, we will also describe the function of the striatum in the integration of glutamatergic and dopaminergic inputs to produce long-term changes of synaptic efficacy (long-term depression, long-term potentiation). Finally, we will consider the implication of the interaction between dopamine and glutamate in the regulation of energetic metabolism whose failure is responsible for neuronal death.

    背景与目标: 几项电生理研究已经解决了纹状体内谷氨酸和多巴胺之间的相互作用。尽管从这些研究中获得的结果常常是矛盾的,但是最近在基底神经节中新形式的突触可塑性的表征为有关这些发射器之间相互作用的不同电生理数据提供了可能的综合解释。在这篇综述中,我们将尝试总结和讨论有关D1和D2受体激活的功能作用对谷氨酸能皮质皮质激素途径调节可能产生的影响的可用数据。此外,我们还将描述纹状体在谷氨酸能和多巴胺能输入的整合中的功能,以产生突触效力的长期变化(长期抑制,长期增强)。最后,我们将考虑多巴胺和谷氨酸之间相互作用对能量代谢的调节的意义,能量代谢的失败是神经元死亡的原因。
  • 【与史蒂文斯-约翰逊综合症相比,具有嗜酸性粒细胞增多和全身症状的皮疹-该病例表明当前分类中的绊脚石。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1159/000095437 复制DOI
    作者列表:Wolf R,Davidovici B,Matz H,Mahlab K,Orion E,Sthoeger ZM
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :A 43-year-old man developed a skin eruption characterized by 'macules with blisters' typical to Stevens-Johnson syndrome, as well as erosions of the lips and buccal mucosa, 2 weeks after he had started treatment with lamotrigine. He had a fever (39.6 degrees C), elevated liver enzymes and atypical lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. This undoubtedly reflects a case of Stevens-Johnson syndrome induced by lamotrigine, but it can also fulfill the criteria of anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome or drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic signs. A case that precisely fits the definition of two syndromes that have different characteristics, different treatments and different prognoses indicates that there is a flaw in the classification.
    背景与目标: :开始使用拉莫三嗪治疗2周后,一名43岁的男子出现了以史蒂文斯-约翰逊综合症为特征的“具有水泡的斑疹”以及嘴唇和颊粘膜糜烂的皮肤疹。他发烧(39.6摄氏度),外周血肝酶和非典型淋巴细胞增多。这无疑反映了拉莫三嗪引起的史蒂文斯-约翰逊综合症,但它也可以满足抗惊厥超敏综合症或嗜酸性粒细胞增多和全身性症状的皮疹的标准。一个病例恰好符合两种具有不同特征,不同治疗方法和不同预后的综合症的定义,表明该分类存在缺陷。
  • 【选择性剖宫产后的新生儿死亡率和发病率与常规预期管理的关系:一项决策分析。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1053/j.semperi.2006.07.010 复制DOI
    作者列表:Signore C,Hemachandra A,Klebanoff M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :A number of competing risks and benefits influence the rates of neonatal morbidity and mortality in elective cesarean delivery versus expectant management. To compare these rates, we developed complex decision trees to model the expected outcomes among hypothetical cohorts of 1,000,000 uncomplicated pregnancies undergoing elective cesarean delivery versus 1,000,000 comparable pregnancies undergoing routine pregnancy management. A separate tree was created for each complication, including neonatal death, respiratory morbidity, intracranial hemorrhage, and brachial plexus injury. We found that neonatal mortality was increased among elective cesarean deliveries, but perinatal mortality was higher with routine expectant management due to fetal deaths. Respiratory morbidity was substantially more common among infants delivered by elective cesarean delivery, whereas intracranial hemorrhage and brachial plexus injury were less common. We conclude that the fetal/neonatal impact of elective cesarean is mixed, but any improvement in perinatal health is likely to be small.
    背景与目标: :许多竞争性风险和收益影响选择性剖宫产与预期管理方式下新生儿发病率和死亡率的比率。为了比较这些比率,我们开发了复杂的决策树以对假设的队列中的预期结果进行建模,这些假设队列中有1,000,000例进行了选择性剖宫产的未合并妊娠与1,000,000例进行了常规妊娠管理的可比较的妊娠。为每种并发症创建一棵单独的树,包括新生儿死亡,呼吸系统疾病,颅内出血和臂丛神经损伤。我们发现,选择性剖宫产分娩的新生儿死亡率增加,但由于胎儿死亡,常规的常规处理导致围产期死亡率更高。择期剖宫产分娩的婴儿中呼吸系统疾病的发病率更为普遍,而颅内出血和臂丛神经损伤的情况则较不常见。我们得出结论,选择性剖宫产对胎儿/新生儿的影响是混合的,但是围产期健康的任何改善都可能很小。
  • 【在帕金森氏病动物模型中,谷氨酸拮抗剂刺激基础和L-DOPA诱导的运动活动。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/s0149-7634(96)00039-5 复制DOI
    作者列表:Starr MS,Starr BS,Kaur S
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: In parkinsonism, glutamate pathways within the basal ganglia become overactive, leading to the suggestion that glutamate antagonists might possess antiparkinsonian qualities. This report examines the motor properties of antagonists of NMDA and AMPA-type glutamate receptors, as well as some inhibitors of glutamate release, in animal models of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. High affinity NMDA open-channel blockers (e.g. MK 801, phencyclidine), are highly potent antagonists with inconsistent antiakinetic and strong myorelaxant activity. Other compounds are better tolerated and are capable of relieving immobility and muscular rigidity by themselves (e.g. 1-aminoadamantanes, polyamine site antagonists, kappa agonists, riluzole). Yet others do not restore movements alone (e.g. dextromethorphan, ketamine), but may interact with and strengthen the antiparkinsonian action of L-DOPA (e.g. competitive NMDA and AMPA antagonists, lamotrigine). They may do this by potentiating dopaminergic behaviours mediated by D1 or D2 receptors, or by some other mechanism.

    背景与目标: 在帕金森病中,基底神经节内的谷氨酸途径变得过度活跃,从而提示谷氨酸拮抗剂可能具有抗帕金森病的特性。该报告检查了特发性帕金森氏病动物模型中NMDA和AMPA型谷氨酸受体的拮抗剂的运动特性,以及谷氨酸释放的某些抑制剂。高亲和力NMDA开放通道阻滞剂(例如MK 801,苯环利定)是高效抗药,具有抗运动活性不一致和强肌松活性。其他化合物具有更好的耐受性,并能自行缓解不动和肌肉僵硬(例如1-氨基金刚烷,多胺位点拮抗剂,κ激动剂,利鲁唑)。还有一些人不能单独恢复运动(例如右美沙芬,氯胺酮),而是可以与L-DOPA相互作用并增强其抗帕金森病作用(例如竞争性NMDA和AMPA拮抗剂,拉莫三嗪)。他们可以通过增强D1或D2受体或其他某种机制介导的多巴胺能行为来做到这一点。

  • 【甲状腺针状乳头状癌的清晰核在细针穿刺中显着,术中涂片由超快的木瓜色素染色。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Yang GC,Greenebaum E
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: The Orphan Annie-eyed clear nucleus, defined as a large, optically clear nucleus, devoid of chromatin strands, with sharp chromatin rim, is a more specific feature than are nuclear grooves or intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions in papillary thyroid carcinoma. In addition, this characteristic nuclear feature is detectable at low magnification. Although these clear nuclei are routinely seen in paraffin sections, they are inconspicuously seen in conventionally processed touch-imprints and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) smears. Among our two institutions, there have been 148 thyroid cases processed by Ultrafast Papanicolaou stain (UFP), including 43 papillary carcinomas, 38 cellular follicular lesions, and 67 cases of nodular hyperplasia. We observed clear nuclei in all of the cases of UFP-processed FNA and intraoperative smears of papillary carcinoma but not of other thyroid lesions. The clear nuclei are most evident in tumor cells with direct contact to the glass slide and are not seen in tumor cells soaked in cystic fluid. UFP is a valuable way to detect Orphan Annie-eyed clear nuclei of papillary thyroid carcinoma early in the diagnostic evaluation, either at immediate on-site evaluation of FNA or at intraoperative consultation and before the availability of permanent sections.

    背景与目标: 孤儿安妮眼透明核,定义为一个大的,光学透明的核,没有染色质链,具有清晰的染色质边缘,比乳头状甲状腺癌的核槽或核内胞浆内含物更具特异性。另外,该特征核特征在低放大倍率下是可检测的。尽管通常在石蜡切片中经常看到这些清晰的核,但在常规处理的接触印记和细针抽吸(FNA)涂片中却看不见它们。在我们的两个机构中,有148例经超快巴氏染色(UFP)处理的甲状腺病例,包括43例乳头状癌,38例细胞滤泡性病变和67例结节性增生。我们在所有UFP处理的FNA病例和术中乳头状癌涂片中观察到清晰的细胞核,但其他甲状腺病变未见。透明核在直接接触载玻片的肿瘤细胞中最为明显,而在浸入囊性液体的肿瘤细胞中则未见。在诊断评估中,无论是立即进行现场FNA评估还是在术中会诊之前以及在获得永久性切片之前,UFP是一种在早期诊断评估中检测出孤儿安妮眼状乳头状甲状腺癌的宝贵方法。

  • 【白介素-1α诱导的黑色素瘤细胞运动的特征:I型和II型受体阻断性单克隆抗体的抑制作用。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1097/00008390-199706000-00006 复制DOI
    作者列表:Dekker SK,Vink J,Bruijn JA,Mihm MC Jr,Vermeer BJ,Byers HR
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) induces cell motility in a variety of benign cell types and in some but not all malignant cell lines in vitro. This study characterizes the IL-1 alpha-induced motility of an aggressive human melanoma cell line that expresses both type I and type II IL-1 receptors. We tested the effect of monoclonal antibodies including function-blocking moAbs against the type I and type II IL-1 receptors on melanoma cell motility to determine which receptor is involved in signal transduction of IL-1 alpha-induced melanoma cell motility. IL-1 alpha significantly increases MM-RU melanoma cell migration in a dose-dependent manner using modified Boyden chamber assays at concentrations 10 to 100 times less than concentrations that significantly inhibit cell growth. Computer-assisted time-lapse image analysis reveals that the motility is inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by neutralizing antibodies against IL-1 alpha. Function-blocking monoclonal antibodies against either type I or type II IL-1 receptors show a significant inhibition of cytokine-induced enhanced cell migration. When both the anti-IL-1 receptor antibodies are added together, the motility-response is completely blocked to control levels. Taken together the data indicate that the IL-1 alpha-induced motility of MM-RU melanoma cells is mediated through both type I and type II IL-1 receptors. The significant inhibition of motility by neutralizing IL-1 alpha or blocking either one or both of the IL-1 receptors indicates an integration of IL-1-induced signals in the induction of melanoma cell migration.

    背景与目标: 白细胞介素-1(IL-1 alpha)在多种良性细胞类型中以及某些但不是全部恶性细胞系中诱导细胞运动。这项研究的特点是表达I型和II型IL-1受体的侵略性人黑素瘤细胞系的IL-1α诱导的运动。我们测试了包括针对I型和II型IL-1受体的功能阻断性单抗的单克隆抗体对黑素瘤细胞运动的影响,以确定哪个受体参与了IL-1α诱导的黑素瘤细胞运动的信号转导。 IL-1α使用改良的Boyden室测定法以剂量依赖性方式显着增加MM-RU黑色素瘤细胞迁移,其浓度比明显抑制细胞生长的浓度低10至100倍。计算机辅助的延时图像分析表明,通过中和针对IL-1α的抗体,可以以剂量依赖性的方式抑制运动性。针对I型或II型IL-1受体的功能阻断性单克隆抗体显示出对细胞因子诱导的细胞迁移增强的显着抑制作用。当两种抗IL-1受体抗体一起添加时,运动反应完全被阻断至对照水平。数据合计表明,IL-1α诱导的MM-RU黑色素瘤细胞的运动是通过I型和II型IL-1受体介导的。通过中和IL-1α或阻断任何一个IL-1受体或两个IL-1受体来显着抑制运动性,这表明在黑素瘤细胞迁移的诱导中整合了IL-1诱导的信号。

  • 【异位子宫内膜和子宫内膜异位病变中微血管密度,增殖活性与血管内皮生长因子-A及其受体表达的关系。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1530/rep.1.01110 复制DOI
    作者列表:Bourlev V,Volkov N,Pavlovitch S,Lets N,Larsson A,Olovsson M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Studies were performed to elucidate the possible relationship between microvessel density, proliferative activity and angiogenesis in eutopic endometrium from women with and without endometriosis and peritoneal endometriotic lesions. The question whether changes in these parameters in endometriotic lesions were reflected by the level of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) in serum and peritoneal fluid was also studied. Biopsy specimens of both eutopic endometrium and peritoneal endometriotic lesions from women with endometriosis (n = 25) as well as eutopic endometrium from women without endometriosis (n = 14) were analysed immunohistochemically regarding microvessel density, proliferative activity, and expression of VEGF-A and its receptors vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 and 2 (VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2) in stroma, glands and blood vessels. The VEGF-A concentration was measured in peritoneal fluid and serum. Secretory phase eutopic endometrium from women with endometriosis had significantly higher microvessel density, expression of VEGF-A in glandular epithelium and VEGFR-2 in endometrial blood vessels than those from women without endometriosis. Endometriotic lesions with high proliferative activity had a higher microvessel density and showed higher vascular expression of VEGFR-2 as well as being accompanied by higher levels of VEGF-A in peritoneal fluid and serum, compared with lesions with low proliferative activity. In conclusion, there seems to be a dysregulation of angiogenic activity in the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis and endometriotic lesions with high proliferative activity were accompanied by higher local angiogenic activity and higher levels of VEGF in serum and peritoneal fluid.
    背景与目标: :进行了研究以阐明患有和不患有子宫内膜异位和腹膜子宫内膜异位病变的女性在位子宫内膜的微血管密度,增殖活性和血管生成之间的可能关系。还研究了是否通过血清和腹膜液中血管内皮生长因子-A(VEGF-A)的水平反映子宫内膜异位病变中这些参数的变化的问题。对子宫内膜异位症妇女(n = 25)和非子宫内膜异位症妇女(n = 14)的对位子宫内膜和腹膜子宫内膜异位病变的活检标本进行了免疫组织化学分析,涉及微血管密度,增殖活性,VEGF-A和其受体位于基质,腺体和血管中的血管内皮生长因子受体1和2(VEGFR-1和VEGFR-2)。测定腹膜液和血清中的VEGF-A浓度。子宫内膜异位症女性的分泌期异位子宫内膜比无子宫内膜异位症女性的子宫内膜微血管密度,腺上皮中的VEGF-A表达和子宫内膜血管中的VEGFR-2显着更高。与具有低增殖活性的病变相比,具有高增殖活性的子宫内膜异位病变具有更高的微血管密度,并且在腹膜液和血清中具有更高的VEGFR-2血管表达以及较高的VEGF-A水平。总之,子宫内膜异位症妇女的异位子宫内膜血管新生活性似乎异常,具有高增殖活性的子宫内膜异位病变伴有较高的局部血管新生活性和血清和腹膜液中较高的VEGF水平。
  • 【产后睾丸促性腺激素受体,血清促性腺激素和睾丸激素浓度的变化以及公牛睾丸的功能发育。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1530/rep.1.00768 复制DOI
    作者列表:Bagu ET,Cook S,Gratton CL,Rawlings NC
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The primary objectives of this study were to follow the temporal patterns of testicular LH and FSH receptor (LH-R and FSH-R) concentrations and affinity (Ka) during sexual maturation in bulls and to see if such patterns could help explain the control of rapid testicular growth that occurs after 25 weeks of age, when serum gonadotropin concentrations are low. Separate groups of Hereford x Charolais calves (n = 6) were castrated every 4 weeks from 5 to 33 weeks of age and at 56 weeks of age. A week prior to castrations, from 5 to 33 weeks of age, blood was collected every 15 min for 10 h. The transition from indifferent supporting cells to Sertoli cells in seminiferous tubules was rapid between 13 and 25 weeks and rapid testis growth occurred after 25 weeks of age. Serum LH and FSH concentrations were transiently elevated at 12 weeks of age (P < 0.05). LH-R concentrations decreased from 13 to 25 weeks of age and increased to 56 weeks of age (P < 0.05). LH-RKa decreased from 9 to 17 weeks of age, increased to 29 weeks of age and declined to 33 weeks of age (P < 0.05). FSH-R concentrations declined from 17 to 25 weeks of age then increased to 56 weeks of age (P < 0.05). FSH-RKa increased from 17 to 25 weeks of age (P < 0.05). High concentrations of gonadotropins and their receptors may be critical to initiate testis growth postnatally and support it after 25 weeks of age in the face of low serum gonadotropin concentrations.
    背景与目标: :本研究的主要目的是追踪公牛性成熟过程中睾丸LH和FSH受体(LH-R和FSH-R)浓度和亲和力(Ka)的时间模式,并观察这种模式是否有助于解释控制因素血清促性腺激素浓度低时,在25周龄后出现睾丸快速生长的情况。从5到33周龄和56周龄每4周cast割一次赫瑞福德x夏洛来牛犊(n = 6)组。 5至33周龄weeks割前一周,每15分钟收集一次血液,持续10 h。在13至25周之间,从生精小管中的冷漠支持细胞向Sertoli细胞的过渡迅速,并且25周龄后睾丸迅速生长。血清LH和FSH浓度在12周龄时短暂升高(P <0.05)。 LH-R浓度从13周龄降低到25周龄,增加到56周龄(P <0.05)。 LH-RKa从9周龄降低到17周龄,增加到29周龄,下降到33周龄(P <0.05)。 FSH-R浓度从17周下降到25周,然后上升到56周(P <0.05)。 FSH-RKa从17周龄增加到25周龄(P <0.05)。高浓度的促性腺激素及其受体对于出生后开始睾丸生长并在25周龄后面对低血清促性腺激素浓度的情况下支持睾丸生长可能至关重要。
  • 【子宫内膜肿瘤的侵袭性与金属蛋白酶2和金属蛋白酶2表达的组织抑制剂有关。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1438.2006.00717.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Graesslin O,Cortez A,Uzan C,Birembaut P,Quereux C,Daraï E
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) expression has been linked to gynecological tumor aggressiveness. The objective of this study was to determine MMP-2, MMP-7, and MMP-9 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 expression in endometrial malignancies and their relation to clinical and histologic parameters. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples from 50 patients with endometrial carcinoma treated between 1999 and 2004 were stained with specific monoclonal antibodies. The tumors were grouped according to the FIGO classification. The staining results were compared to histologic and clinical data. Semiquantitative analysis of MMP and TIMP expression showed a significant difference in TIMP-2 expression according to the histologic subtype (P = 0.03) and also a trend towards a difference in MMP-9 expression (P = 0.05). MMP-2 expression increased and TIMP-2 expression fell as the histologic grade increased (P = 0.0007, P < 0.0001, respectively). MMP-2 expression correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.04), while TIMP-2 expression correlated with the depth of myometrial invasion (P = 0.01), vasculolymphatic space involvement (P = 0.02), and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0003). These results support the involvement of MMPs and TIMPs in endometrial tumor growth and progression. High MMP-2 and low TIMP-2 expression were the most potent markers of endometrial tumors with a high risk of local and distant spread.
    背景与目标: 基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)的表达与妇科肿瘤的侵袭性有关。这项研究的目的是确定子宫内膜恶性肿瘤中MMP-2,MMP-7和MMP-9以及金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂(TIMP)-1和TIMP-2的表达及其与临床和组织学参数的关系。用特异性单克隆抗体对1999年至2004年间接受治疗的50例子宫内膜癌患者的福尔马林固定,石蜡包埋的肿瘤样品进行染色。根据FIGO分类将肿瘤分组。将染色结果与组织学和临床数据进行比较。 MMP和TIMP表达的半定量分析显示,根据组织学亚型,TIMP-2表达存在显着差异(P = 0.03),并且MMP-9表达也呈现差异的趋势(P = 0.05)。随着组织学分级的升高,MMP-2表达增加而TIMP-2表达下降(分别为P = 0.0007,P <0.0001)。 MMP-2表达与淋巴结转移相关(P = 0.04),而TIMP-2表达与肌层浸润深度(P = 0.01),血管淋巴管受累(P = 0.02)和淋巴结转移(P = 0.0003)相关)。这些结果支持MMP和TIMP参与子宫内膜肿瘤的生长和进展。 MMP-2的高表达和TIMP-2的低表达是子宫内膜肿瘤最有效的标志物,具有局部和远处扩散的高风险。
  • 【LRRK2 I2012T,G2019S和I2020T突变在原发性震颤患者中并不常见。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.neulet.2006.08.012 复制DOI
    作者列表:Deng H,Le W,Davidson AL,Xie W,Jankovic J
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Several mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene (LRRK2) have been identified both in familial and sporadic cases of Parkinson's disease (PD). G2019S, located at a kinase (MAPKKK) domain, is the most common mutation in the LRRK2 gene in PD, Two adjacent mutations (I2012T and I2020T) were mapped to the same domain suggesting shared pathogenic mechanism of these mutations. Since phenotypes of PD overlap with essential tremor (ET), we investigated LRRK2 G2019S, I2012T, and I2020T mutations in a cohort of 272 patients with ET. No mutations were found in our ET cohort and, therefore, we conclude that LRKK2 I2012T, G2019S and I2020T variants are rare causes of Caucasian ET.
    背景与目标: :在家族性和散发性帕金森氏病(PD)病例中,均已鉴定出富含亮氨酸的重复激酶2基因(LRRK2)的多个突变。位于激酶(MAPKKK)结构域的G2019S是PD中LRRK2基因中最常见的突变,两个相邻的突变(I2012T和I2020T)被定位到同一结构域,表明这些突变具有共同的致病机制。由于PD的表型与原发性震颤(ET)重叠,因此我们对272名ET患者的队列研究了LRRK2 G2019S,I2012T和I2020T突变。在我们的ET队列中未发现突变,因此,我们得出结论,LRKK2 I2012T,G2019S和I2020T变体是白种人ET的罕见原因。
  • 【急性小鼠皮肤切开伤口中的微循环显示血管功能的时空变化。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2006.00142.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Bluff JE,O'Ceallaigh S,O'Kane S,Ferguson MW,Ireland G
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :A mouse perfusion model using fluorescently labeled dextran has been developed to investigate the functionality of blood vessels during cutaneous wound healing. By immunostaining cryostat sections of perfused wounds with antibodies that identify vessels, we were able to assess their functionality. There was an increase in the proportion of CD31(+)-perfused vessels in all wound regions with time, although the vessels of the wound margins and superficial granulation tissue (GT) took the longest to become perfused. More than 50% of the latter vessels were not perfused at 10 days postwounding. This is consistent with the growth of functional vessels from the wound base proceeding to the more superficial GT. The CD34 marker was expressed by a subpopulation of CD31(+) vessels. However, in contrast to CD31(+) vessels, the functionality of CD34(+) vessels did not change significantly with time and 50-75% of CD34(+) vessels in the GT and wound margins were nonfunctional. This might be explained either by apoptosis of the CD34(+) vessels or the loss of the marker with time. This study has important implications for assays of wound-healing angiogenesis based on histology and immunohistochemical markers for vessels, because vessel functionality differs both spatially and temporally during wound healing.
    背景与目标: :已经开发了使用荧光标记的葡聚糖的小鼠灌注模型,以研究皮肤伤口愈合过程中血管的功能。通过用识别血管的抗体免疫染色灌注伤口的低温恒温器切片,我们能够评估其功能。尽管伤口边缘和浅表肉芽组织(GT)的灌注时间最长,但所有伤口区域的CD31()灌注血管比例均随时间增加。受伤后10天,没有再灌注50%以上的血管。这与功能性血管从伤口基部到更浅层的GT的生长是一致的。 CD34标记由CD31()血管的亚群表达。但是,与CD31()血管相反,CD34()血管的功能不会随时间发生显着变化,并且GT中50-75%的CD34()血管和伤口边缘均无功能。这可能是由于CD34()血管凋亡或标记随时间流逝而造成的。这项研究对基于组织学和血管免疫组织化学标记的伤口愈合血管生成的测定具有重要意义,因为在伤口愈合过程中血管功能在空间和时间上都不同。
  • 【氨基末端脑钠肽:一种诊断,预后和管理心力衰竭的生物标志物。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1586/14737159.6.5.649 复制DOI
    作者列表:Morello AM,Januzzi JL
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :There is a substantial need for a diagnostic tool to aid in the early diagnosis of heart failure and in the recognition of those at risk for its development, as well as in guidance of therapy. Testing for amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) has been recognized to have utility in the diagnosis, prognosis and management of heart failure. In addition, numerous other applications for NT-proBNP testing are now recognized, such as evaluation of patients with heart disease in the absence of heart failure, as well as the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of patients with acute coronary syndromes or pulmonary thromboembolism.
    背景与目标: :非常需要一种诊断工具来辅助心力衰竭的早期诊断,并认识到可能发展为心力衰竭的人,以及指导治疗。氨基末端脑钠肽(NT-proBNP)的检测已被认为可用于心力衰竭的诊断,预后和管理。此外,现在还认可了NT-proBNP测试的许多其他应用,例如在没有心力衰竭的情况下评估心脏病患者,以及对急性冠状动脉综合征或肺血栓栓塞患者的诊断和预后评估。
  • 【使用超声心动图获得的主动脉瓣环运动和二尖瓣环运动之间的比较。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1475-097X.2006.00684.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Emilsson K,Egerlid R,Nygren BM
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Earlier studies have shown that the aortic root, in analogy with the mitral annulus, moves towards the left ventricular apex during systole. However, there are no earlier studies comparing the amplitude of the aortic annulus motion (AAM) with that of the mitral annulus (MAM), which was the main aim of the study. Another aim was to study the intra- and interobserver reproducibility (IIOR) of measuring AAM with M-mode and 2-D echocardiography as it is not obvious which of the methods that should be used. Twenty-one healthy subjects were examined by echocardiography. AAM and MAM were measured at different sites. IIOR was measured in 10 of the subjects. There was no significant difference between average AAM (15.3 +/- 1.5 mm) and average MAM (15.6 +/- 1.5 mm) and there was a rather good agreement between the variables. There was also no significant difference between AAM at the septal site (16.3 +/- 2 mm) and average MAM, but a significant difference between AAM at the lateral site (14.2 +/- 1.6 mm) and average MAM (P<0.001) and between the both sites of measuring AAM (P<0.001). The significant difference between the two sites of measuring AAM may have anatomical reasons but may also depend on difficulties in measuring AAM at the septal site where it has lower reproducibility than at the lateral site. IIOR of measuring AAM was good when using M-mode but poor when using 2-D echocardiography and AAM should preferably be measured using M-mode and not using 2-D echocardiography.
    背景与目标: :较早的研究表明,与二尖瓣环类似,主动脉根在收缩期向左心尖移动。但是,尚无较早的研究比较主动脉瓣环运动幅度(AAM)和二尖瓣环运动(MAM)幅度,这是本研究的主要目的。另一个目的是研究使用M型和二维超声心动图测量AAM的观察者之间和观察者之间的可重复性(IIOR),因为不明确应该使用哪种方法。通过超声心动图检查二十一名健康受试者。 AAM和MAM在不同的位置进行了测量。在10位受试者中测量了IIOR。平均AAM(15.3 /-1.5 mm)和平均MAM(15.6 /-1.5 mm)之间没有显着差异,并且变量之间有相当好的一致性。间隔部位的AAM(16.3 /-2 mm)和平均MAM之间也没有显着差异,但是外侧部位的AAM(14.2 /-1.6 mm)和平均MAM(P <0.001)之间以及两者之间没有显着差异。测量AAM的两个位置(P <0.001)。测量AAM的两个部位之间的显着差异可能有解剖学原因,但也可能取决于在间隔部位测量AAM的难度,该部位的可再现性低于侧面部位。使用M模式时,测量AAM的IIOR较好,而使用2-D超声心动图时,IIOR较差,最好使用M模式而不使用2-D超声心动图测量AAM。
  • 【高度纯化的卵泡刺激素和人绒毛膜促性腺激素的皮下自我给药,用于治疗男性性腺功能减退性性腺功能减退症。西班牙男性性腺功能减退症协作组。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1093/humrep/12.5.980 复制DOI
    作者列表:Burgués S,Calderón MD
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: The efficacy and safety of highly purified follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) associated with human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) was studied in 60 men with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Of these men, 16 suffered from Kallmann's syndrome, 19 from idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and 25 from hypopituitarism. Basal testosterone concentrations were found to be far below the normal range. At baseline, 26 patients were able to ejaculate and all of them showed azoospermia, while the remaining patients were aspermic. All patients self-administered s.c. injections of FSH (150 IU x three/week) and HCG (2500 IU x two/week) for at least 6 months and underwent periodic assessments of testicular function. Testosterone concentrations increased rapidly during treatment and all but one patient reached normal values. Testicular volume showed a sustained increase reaching almost 3-fold its baseline value. At the end of treatment, 48 patients (80.0%) had achieved a positive sperm count. The maximum sperm concentration during treatment was 24.5 +/- 8.1 x 10(6)/ml (mean +/- SEM). The median time to induce spermatogenesis was 5 months. Eleven patients reported adverse events, generally not related to treatment. Three patients experienced gynaecomastia. No local reactions at injection site were observed. In conclusion, the s.c. self-administration of highly purified FSH + HCG was well tolerated and effective in stimulating spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in these patients.

    背景与目标: 在60名患有促性腺激素缺乏性性腺功能减退症的男性中研究了与人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)相关的高纯度卵泡刺激素(FSH)的疗效和安全性。这些人中,有16人患有卡曼综合症,特发性性腺功能减退性性腺功能减退症19名,垂体功能减退症25名。发现基础睾丸激素浓度远低于正常范围。在基线时,有26位患者能够射精,所有患者均表现出无精子症,而其余患者均为无精子症。所有患者均自给自足注射FSH(150 IU x 3 /周)和HCG(2500 IU x 2 /周)至少6个月,并定期评估睾丸功能。治疗期间睾丸激素浓度迅速增加,除一名患者外,其他所有患者均达到正常值。睾丸体积持续增加,几乎达到其基线值的三倍。在治疗结束时,有48名患者(80.0%)的精子计数为阳性。治疗期间最大精子浓度为24.5 /-8.1 x 10(6)/ ml(平均值/-SEM)。诱导精子发生的中位时间为5个月。 11名患者报告了不良事件,通常与治疗无关。三例患者出现了妇科发育不全。在注射部位未观察到局部反应。总而言之自我给予高纯度FSH HCG的耐受性良好,可有效刺激这些患者的精子发生和类固醇生成。

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