• 【产后睾丸促性腺激素受体,血清促性腺激素和睾丸激素浓度的变化以及公牛睾丸的功能发育。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1530/rep.1.00768 复制DOI
    作者列表:Bagu ET,Cook S,Gratton CL,Rawlings NC
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The primary objectives of this study were to follow the temporal patterns of testicular LH and FSH receptor (LH-R and FSH-R) concentrations and affinity (Ka) during sexual maturation in bulls and to see if such patterns could help explain the control of rapid testicular growth that occurs after 25 weeks of age, when serum gonadotropin concentrations are low. Separate groups of Hereford x Charolais calves (n = 6) were castrated every 4 weeks from 5 to 33 weeks of age and at 56 weeks of age. A week prior to castrations, from 5 to 33 weeks of age, blood was collected every 15 min for 10 h. The transition from indifferent supporting cells to Sertoli cells in seminiferous tubules was rapid between 13 and 25 weeks and rapid testis growth occurred after 25 weeks of age. Serum LH and FSH concentrations were transiently elevated at 12 weeks of age (P < 0.05). LH-R concentrations decreased from 13 to 25 weeks of age and increased to 56 weeks of age (P < 0.05). LH-RKa decreased from 9 to 17 weeks of age, increased to 29 weeks of age and declined to 33 weeks of age (P < 0.05). FSH-R concentrations declined from 17 to 25 weeks of age then increased to 56 weeks of age (P < 0.05). FSH-RKa increased from 17 to 25 weeks of age (P < 0.05). High concentrations of gonadotropins and their receptors may be critical to initiate testis growth postnatally and support it after 25 weeks of age in the face of low serum gonadotropin concentrations.
    背景与目标: :本研究的主要目的是追踪公牛性成熟过程中睾丸LH和FSH受体(LH-R和FSH-R)浓度和亲和力(Ka)的时间模式,并观察这种模式是否有助于解释控制因素血清促性腺激素浓度低时,在25周龄后出现睾丸快速生长的情况。从5到33周龄和56周龄每4周cast割一次赫瑞福德x夏洛来牛犊(n = 6)组。 5至33周龄weeks割前一周,每15分钟收集一次血液,持续10 h。在13至25周之间,从生精小管中的冷漠支持细胞向Sertoli细胞的过渡迅速,并且25周龄后睾丸迅速生长。血清LH和FSH浓度在12周龄时短暂升高(P <0.05)。 LH-R浓度从13周龄降低到25周龄,增加到56周龄(P <0.05)。 LH-RKa从9周龄降低到17周龄,增加到29周龄,下降到33周龄(P <0.05)。 FSH-R浓度从17周下降到25周,然后上升到56周(P <0.05)。 FSH-RKa从17周龄增加到25周龄(P <0.05)。高浓度的促性腺激素及其受体对于出生后开始睾丸生长并在25周龄后面对低血清促性腺激素浓度的情况下支持睾丸生长可能至关重要。
  • 【子宫内膜肿瘤的侵袭性与金属蛋白酶2和金属蛋白酶2表达的组织抑制剂有关。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1438.2006.00717.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Graesslin O,Cortez A,Uzan C,Birembaut P,Quereux C,Daraï E
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) expression has been linked to gynecological tumor aggressiveness. The objective of this study was to determine MMP-2, MMP-7, and MMP-9 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 expression in endometrial malignancies and their relation to clinical and histologic parameters. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples from 50 patients with endometrial carcinoma treated between 1999 and 2004 were stained with specific monoclonal antibodies. The tumors were grouped according to the FIGO classification. The staining results were compared to histologic and clinical data. Semiquantitative analysis of MMP and TIMP expression showed a significant difference in TIMP-2 expression according to the histologic subtype (P = 0.03) and also a trend towards a difference in MMP-9 expression (P = 0.05). MMP-2 expression increased and TIMP-2 expression fell as the histologic grade increased (P = 0.0007, P < 0.0001, respectively). MMP-2 expression correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.04), while TIMP-2 expression correlated with the depth of myometrial invasion (P = 0.01), vasculolymphatic space involvement (P = 0.02), and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0003). These results support the involvement of MMPs and TIMPs in endometrial tumor growth and progression. High MMP-2 and low TIMP-2 expression were the most potent markers of endometrial tumors with a high risk of local and distant spread.
    背景与目标: 基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)的表达与妇科肿瘤的侵袭性有关。这项研究的目的是确定子宫内膜恶性肿瘤中MMP-2,MMP-7和MMP-9以及金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂(TIMP)-1和TIMP-2的表达及其与临床和组织学参数的关系。用特异性单克隆抗体对1999年至2004年间接受治疗的50例子宫内膜癌患者的福尔马林固定,石蜡包埋的肿瘤样品进行染色。根据FIGO分类将肿瘤分组。将染色结果与组织学和临床数据进行比较。 MMP和TIMP表达的半定量分析显示,根据组织学亚型,TIMP-2表达存在显着差异(P = 0.03),并且MMP-9表达也呈现差异的趋势(P = 0.05)。随着组织学分级的升高,MMP-2表达增加而TIMP-2表达下降(分别为P = 0.0007,P <0.0001)。 MMP-2表达与淋巴结转移相关(P = 0.04),而TIMP-2表达与肌层浸润深度(P = 0.01),血管淋巴管受累(P = 0.02)和淋巴结转移(P = 0.0003)相关)。这些结果支持MMP和TIMP参与子宫内膜肿瘤的生长和进展。 MMP-2的高表达和TIMP-2的低表达是子宫内膜肿瘤最有效的标志物,具有局部和远处扩散的高风险。
  • 【LRRK2 I2012T,G2019S和I2020T突变在原发性震颤患者中并不常见。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.neulet.2006.08.012 复制DOI
    作者列表:Deng H,Le W,Davidson AL,Xie W,Jankovic J
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Several mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene (LRRK2) have been identified both in familial and sporadic cases of Parkinson's disease (PD). G2019S, located at a kinase (MAPKKK) domain, is the most common mutation in the LRRK2 gene in PD, Two adjacent mutations (I2012T and I2020T) were mapped to the same domain suggesting shared pathogenic mechanism of these mutations. Since phenotypes of PD overlap with essential tremor (ET), we investigated LRRK2 G2019S, I2012T, and I2020T mutations in a cohort of 272 patients with ET. No mutations were found in our ET cohort and, therefore, we conclude that LRKK2 I2012T, G2019S and I2020T variants are rare causes of Caucasian ET.
    背景与目标: :在家族性和散发性帕金森氏病(PD)病例中,均已鉴定出富含亮氨酸的重复激酶2基因(LRRK2)的多个突变。位于激酶(MAPKKK)结构域的G2019S是PD中LRRK2基因中最常见的突变,两个相邻的突变(I2012T和I2020T)被定位到同一结构域,表明这些突变具有共同的致病机制。由于PD的表型与原发性震颤(ET)重叠,因此我们对272名ET患者的队列研究了LRRK2 G2019S,I2012T和I2020T突变。在我们的ET队列中未发现突变,因此,我们得出结论,LRKK2 I2012T,G2019S和I2020T变体是白种人ET的罕见原因。
  • 【急性小鼠皮肤切开伤口中的微循环显示血管功能的时空变化。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2006.00142.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Bluff JE,O'Ceallaigh S,O'Kane S,Ferguson MW,Ireland G
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :A mouse perfusion model using fluorescently labeled dextran has been developed to investigate the functionality of blood vessels during cutaneous wound healing. By immunostaining cryostat sections of perfused wounds with antibodies that identify vessels, we were able to assess their functionality. There was an increase in the proportion of CD31(+)-perfused vessels in all wound regions with time, although the vessels of the wound margins and superficial granulation tissue (GT) took the longest to become perfused. More than 50% of the latter vessels were not perfused at 10 days postwounding. This is consistent with the growth of functional vessels from the wound base proceeding to the more superficial GT. The CD34 marker was expressed by a subpopulation of CD31(+) vessels. However, in contrast to CD31(+) vessels, the functionality of CD34(+) vessels did not change significantly with time and 50-75% of CD34(+) vessels in the GT and wound margins were nonfunctional. This might be explained either by apoptosis of the CD34(+) vessels or the loss of the marker with time. This study has important implications for assays of wound-healing angiogenesis based on histology and immunohistochemical markers for vessels, because vessel functionality differs both spatially and temporally during wound healing.
    背景与目标: :已经开发了使用荧光标记的葡聚糖的小鼠灌注模型,以研究皮肤伤口愈合过程中血管的功能。通过用识别血管的抗体免疫染色灌注伤口的低温恒温器切片,我们能够评估其功能。尽管伤口边缘和浅表肉芽组织(GT)的灌注时间最长,但所有伤口区域的CD31()灌注血管比例均随时间增加。受伤后10天,没有再灌注50%以上的血管。这与功能性血管从伤口基部到更浅层的GT的生长是一致的。 CD34标记由CD31()血管的亚群表达。但是,与CD31()血管相反,CD34()血管的功能不会随时间发生显着变化,并且GT中50-75%的CD34()血管和伤口边缘均无功能。这可能是由于CD34()血管凋亡或标记随时间流逝而造成的。这项研究对基于组织学和血管免疫组织化学标记的伤口愈合血管生成的测定具有重要意义,因为在伤口愈合过程中血管功能在空间和时间上都不同。
  • 【氨基末端脑钠肽:一种诊断,预后和管理心力衰竭的生物标志物。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1586/14737159.6.5.649 复制DOI
    作者列表:Morello AM,Januzzi JL
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :There is a substantial need for a diagnostic tool to aid in the early diagnosis of heart failure and in the recognition of those at risk for its development, as well as in guidance of therapy. Testing for amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) has been recognized to have utility in the diagnosis, prognosis and management of heart failure. In addition, numerous other applications for NT-proBNP testing are now recognized, such as evaluation of patients with heart disease in the absence of heart failure, as well as the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of patients with acute coronary syndromes or pulmonary thromboembolism.
    背景与目标: :非常需要一种诊断工具来辅助心力衰竭的早期诊断,并认识到可能发展为心力衰竭的人,以及指导治疗。氨基末端脑钠肽(NT-proBNP)的检测已被认为可用于心力衰竭的诊断,预后和管理。此外,现在还认可了NT-proBNP测试的许多其他应用,例如在没有心力衰竭的情况下评估心脏病患者,以及对急性冠状动脉综合征或肺血栓栓塞患者的诊断和预后评估。
  • 【使用超声心动图获得的主动脉瓣环运动和二尖瓣环运动之间的比较。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1475-097X.2006.00684.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Emilsson K,Egerlid R,Nygren BM
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Earlier studies have shown that the aortic root, in analogy with the mitral annulus, moves towards the left ventricular apex during systole. However, there are no earlier studies comparing the amplitude of the aortic annulus motion (AAM) with that of the mitral annulus (MAM), which was the main aim of the study. Another aim was to study the intra- and interobserver reproducibility (IIOR) of measuring AAM with M-mode and 2-D echocardiography as it is not obvious which of the methods that should be used. Twenty-one healthy subjects were examined by echocardiography. AAM and MAM were measured at different sites. IIOR was measured in 10 of the subjects. There was no significant difference between average AAM (15.3 +/- 1.5 mm) and average MAM (15.6 +/- 1.5 mm) and there was a rather good agreement between the variables. There was also no significant difference between AAM at the septal site (16.3 +/- 2 mm) and average MAM, but a significant difference between AAM at the lateral site (14.2 +/- 1.6 mm) and average MAM (P<0.001) and between the both sites of measuring AAM (P<0.001). The significant difference between the two sites of measuring AAM may have anatomical reasons but may also depend on difficulties in measuring AAM at the septal site where it has lower reproducibility than at the lateral site. IIOR of measuring AAM was good when using M-mode but poor when using 2-D echocardiography and AAM should preferably be measured using M-mode and not using 2-D echocardiography.
    背景与目标: :较早的研究表明,与二尖瓣环类似,主动脉根在收缩期向左心尖移动。但是,尚无较早的研究比较主动脉瓣环运动幅度(AAM)和二尖瓣环运动(MAM)幅度,这是本研究的主要目的。另一个目的是研究使用M型和二维超声心动图测量AAM的观察者之间和观察者之间的可重复性(IIOR),因为不明确应该使用哪种方法。通过超声心动图检查二十一名健康受试者。 AAM和MAM在不同的位置进行了测量。在10位受试者中测量了IIOR。平均AAM(15.3 /-1.5 mm)和平均MAM(15.6 /-1.5 mm)之间没有显着差异,并且变量之间有相当好的一致性。间隔部位的AAM(16.3 /-2 mm)和平均MAM之间也没有显着差异,但是外侧部位的AAM(14.2 /-1.6 mm)和平均MAM(P <0.001)之间以及两者之间没有显着差异。测量AAM的两个位置(P <0.001)。测量AAM的两个部位之间的显着差异可能有解剖学原因,但也可能取决于在间隔部位测量AAM的难度,该部位的可再现性低于侧面部位。使用M模式时,测量AAM的IIOR较好,而使用2-D超声心动图时,IIOR较差,最好使用M模式而不使用2-D超声心动图测量AAM。
  • 【高度纯化的卵泡刺激素和人绒毛膜促性腺激素的皮下自我给药,用于治疗男性性腺功能减退性性腺功能减退症。西班牙男性性腺功能减退症协作组。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1093/humrep/12.5.980 复制DOI
    作者列表:Burgués S,Calderón MD
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: The efficacy and safety of highly purified follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) associated with human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) was studied in 60 men with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Of these men, 16 suffered from Kallmann's syndrome, 19 from idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and 25 from hypopituitarism. Basal testosterone concentrations were found to be far below the normal range. At baseline, 26 patients were able to ejaculate and all of them showed azoospermia, while the remaining patients were aspermic. All patients self-administered s.c. injections of FSH (150 IU x three/week) and HCG (2500 IU x two/week) for at least 6 months and underwent periodic assessments of testicular function. Testosterone concentrations increased rapidly during treatment and all but one patient reached normal values. Testicular volume showed a sustained increase reaching almost 3-fold its baseline value. At the end of treatment, 48 patients (80.0%) had achieved a positive sperm count. The maximum sperm concentration during treatment was 24.5 +/- 8.1 x 10(6)/ml (mean +/- SEM). The median time to induce spermatogenesis was 5 months. Eleven patients reported adverse events, generally not related to treatment. Three patients experienced gynaecomastia. No local reactions at injection site were observed. In conclusion, the s.c. self-administration of highly purified FSH + HCG was well tolerated and effective in stimulating spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in these patients.

    背景与目标: 在60名患有促性腺激素缺乏性性腺功能减退症的男性中研究了与人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)相关的高纯度卵泡刺激素(FSH)的疗效和安全性。这些人中,有16人患有卡曼综合症,特发性性腺功能减退性性腺功能减退症19名,垂体功能减退症25名。发现基础睾丸激素浓度远低于正常范围。在基线时,有26位患者能够射精,所有患者均表现出无精子症,而其余患者均为无精子症。所有患者均自给自足注射FSH(150 IU x 3 /周)和HCG(2500 IU x 2 /周)至少6个月,并定期评估睾丸功能。治疗期间睾丸激素浓度迅速增加,除一名患者外,其他所有患者均达到正常值。睾丸体积持续增加,几乎达到其基线值的三倍。在治疗结束时,有48名患者(80.0%)的精子计数为阳性。治疗期间最大精子浓度为24.5 /-8.1 x 10(6)/ ml(平均值/-SEM)。诱导精子发生的中位时间为5个月。 11名患者报告了不良事件,通常与治疗无关。三例患者出现了妇科发育不全。在注射部位未观察到局部反应。总而言之自我给予高纯度FSH HCG的耐受性良好,可有效刺激这些患者的精子发生和类固醇生成。

  • 【将160 kD分子鉴定为基底膜区的成分和次要的大疱性类天疱疮抗原。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12874675 复制DOI
    作者列表:Zhu XJ,Niimi Y,Bystryn JC
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The antigens in normal human skin defined by antibodies in patients with bullous pemphigoid (BP) were studied by Western immunoblots. Eighteen (90%) of 20 BP sera reacted to a 230-kD antigen. Seven (35%) of the sera reacted to a 160-kD antigen. Two of these reacted only to the 160-kD antigen and five also reacted to the 230-kD antigen. Antibodies to the 160-kD antigen were not present in 25 control sera obtained from normal individuals or patients with other bullous diseases. The 160-kD antigen was present in epidermal extracts of four different specimens of normal human skin but not in dermal extracts or extracts of control cells including melanoma, fibroblasts, lung carcinoma, and colon carcinoma. Monospecific sera with antibodies to either the 230-kD or to the 160-kD antigen reacted solely to their respective target antigens, but not to both, in extracts of epidermis that contained both antigens. The 160-kD antigen broke down to a 140-kD fragment, while the 230-kD antigen was unchanged in the absence of protease inhibitors. Western blot affinity purified antibody to the 160-kD antigen bound only to the basement membrane zone on the epidermal side of 1M NaCl split skin. These results indicate that a 160-kD antigen is a normal component of the basement membrane zone of human skin. The antigen is located on the epidermal side of skin split with 1M NaCl. It is a minor BP antigen, antibodies to which are present in some patients with BP.
    背景与目标: :通过Western免疫印迹研究了大疱性天疱疮(BP)患者中抗体定义的正常人皮肤中的抗原。 20个BP血清中有18个(90%)与230 kD抗原反应。七分之三(35%)的血清与160-kD抗原反应。其中两个仅与160-kD抗原反应,另外五个也与230-kD抗原反应。从正常个体或患有其他大疱性疾病的患者获得的25个对照血清中不存在针对160-kD抗原的抗体。 160-kD抗原存在于正常人皮肤的四个不同标本的表皮提取物中,但不存在于包括黑色素瘤,成纤维细胞,肺癌和结肠癌在内的真皮提取物或对照细胞提取物中。在包含两种抗原的表皮提取物中,具有针对230-kD或160-kD抗原的抗体的单特异性血清仅与它们各自的靶抗原反应,而对两种抗原均不反应。 160 kD抗原分解为140 kD片段,而230 kD抗原在不存在蛋白酶抑制剂的情况下保持不变。 Western blot亲和纯化的针对160-kD抗原的抗体仅与1M NaCl分裂皮肤的表皮侧的基膜区结合。这些结果表明160-kD抗原是人皮肤基底膜区的正常成分。抗原位于用1M NaCl分裂的皮肤的表皮侧。它是次要的BP抗原,某些BP患者中存在针对该抗体的抗体。
  • 【对沙眼衣原体膜成分的体液免疫应答和体外受精患者卵泡液中人60 kDa热休克蛋白的表达。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1093/humrep/12.5.925 复制DOI
    作者列表:Neuer A,Lam KN,Tiller FW,Kiesel L,Witkin SS
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: Recent evidence suggests that Chlamydia trachomatis can persist in the female upper genital tract in an unculturable state. Since unsuspected C. trachomatis infection has been associated with adverse in-vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome we sought to detect further evidence of C. trachomatis in the genital tracts of women undergoing IVF. The prevalence and distribution of antibodies to the major structural proteins of C. trachomatis in paired follicular fluid and sera of women undergoing IVF were examined. Sera and follicular fluid samples from 149 women were assayed for immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgA antibodies to two C. trachomatis antigens, the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) and a recombinant lipopolysaccharide (rLPS) fragment. Additionally, the expression of human 60 kDa heat shock protein (hsp 60) in follicular fluid was determined. All cervical and follicular fluid samples were negative for C. trachomatis by polymerase chain reaction, ligase chain reaction and DNA probe. Sera from 60% of the subjects were positive for antichlamydial rLPS IgG; 36% were positive for anti-MOMP IgG. Similarly, rLPS-directed and MOMP-directed IgA were detected in sera of 34 and 14% of the subjects respectively. IgG antibodies to MOMP and rLPS were detected in 42 and 41% of the follicular fluid examined respectively. Anti-MOMP IgA was identified in 8.7% of the follicular fluid while 27.5% were positive for anti-rLPS IgA. Human hsp 60 expression was documented in 11.6% of the follicular fluid tested. IgA antibodies to both MOMP (P = 0.03) and rLPS (P = 0.02) in follicular fluid were associated with a failure to become pregnant after embryo transfer. IgG antibodies in sera and follicular fluid and IgA antibodies in sera were unrelated to IVF outcome. Similarly only anti-MOMP IgA (P = 0.02) and anti-rLPS IgA (P = 0.04) in follicular fluid were correlated with human hsp 60 expression in follicular fluid. The unique association between IgA antibodies to two chlamydial antigens in follicular fluid and both hsp 60 expression and IVF failure provides further support for the possibility that a persistent upper genital tract chlamydial infection contributes to IVF failure in some women.

    背景与目标: 最近的证据表明,沙眼衣原体可以在女性上生殖道中以无法培养的状态持续存在。由于未曾怀疑的沙眼衣原体感染与体外受精(IVF)不良结果有关,因此我们寻求在接受IVF的女性生殖道中发现沙眼衣原体的进一步证据。检查了在进行IVF的女性的配对卵泡液和血清中沙眼衣原体主要结构蛋白抗体的流行情况和分布。分析了来自149名妇女的血清和卵泡液样品中针对两种沙眼衣原体抗原,主要外膜蛋白(MOMP)和重组脂多糖(rLPS)片段的免疫球蛋白(Ig)G和IgA抗体。另外,测定了人60kDa热休克蛋白(hsp 60)在卵泡液中的表达。通过聚合酶链反应,连接酶链反应和DNA探针,所有子宫颈和卵泡液样品均为沙眼衣原体阴性。 60%的受试者血清抗衣原体rLPS IgG阳性; 36%的抗MOMP IgG阳性。同样,分别在34%和14%的受试者血清中检测到了rLPS导向和MOMP导向的IgA。在分别检查的卵泡液中有42%和41%检测到针对MOMP和rLPS的IgG抗体。在8.7%的卵泡液中发现了抗MOMP IgA,而抗rLPS IgA的阳性率为27.5%。在测试的卵泡液中有11.6%记录了人类hsp 60的表达。卵泡液中针对MOMP(P = 0.03)和rLPS(P = 0.02)的IgA抗体与胚胎移植后无法怀孕有关。血清和卵泡液中的IgG抗体以及血清中的IgA抗体与IVF结果无关。同样,卵泡液中只有抗MOMP IgA(P = 0.02)和抗rLPS IgA(P = 0.04)与人hsp 60在卵泡液中的表达相关。卵泡液中针对两种衣原体抗原的IgA抗体与hsp 60表达和IVF衰竭之间的独特联系为某些女性持续性上生殖道衣原体感染导致IVF衰竭的可能性提供了进一步的支持。

  • 【高胰岛素血症在自发性高血压大鼠中诱发心肌梗塞和小动脉内侧肥大。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/s0895-7061(97)00052-6 复制DOI
    作者列表:Zimlichman R,Zaidel L,Nofech-Mozes S,Shkedy A,Matas Z,Shahar C,Eliahou HE
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: To investigate the effects of hyperinsulinemia on the myocardial vessels, long acting insulin (mixtard, a combination of 30% regular human insulin and 70% NPH human insulin) was injected daily for 8 weeks, intraperitoneally, in two strains of rats, normotensive WKY and hypertensive SHR. There were four groups in all, a control group, and an insulin-injected group in each strain. The drinking water contained 10% glucose to prevent hypoglycemia in the insulin-injected rats. At the end of the 8 weeks experimental period, after measuring blood pressure and taking blood for the determination of glucose, urea, creatinine, and insulin, the rats were killed. The organs were fixed in formaldehyde. The blood glucose levels were higher at the end of the experiment, in both the placebo- (saline)-injected and the insulin-injected rats. Blood pressure rose significantly only in the insulin-injected SHR. The intramyocardial arterioles in the insulin-injected SHR had a significantly thicker vascular wall than the placebo-injected SHR, as represented by the vessel wall to lumen ratio, because of hypertrophy of the media. When compared with the placebo injected WKY rats, there was a higher wall/lumen ratio of the intramyocardial arterioles in the insulin-injected WKY, but the difference did not reach significance. Heart weights factored by body weights was significantly higher in insulin-injected as compared with placebo-injected SHR. Myocardial infarctions were observed in four of eight rats in the insulin-injected SHR group despite the fact that there were no signs of atherosclerosis or intimal thickening. It is possible that the increase in heart weight and the probable increase in metabolic activity resulting from hyperinsulinemia, together with the increased oxygen demand of the myocardium and the arteriolar narrowing, may have contributed to the occurence of myocardial infarctions in the absence of atherosclerotic coronary occlusion.

    背景与目标: 为了研究高胰岛素血症对心肌血管的影响,每天向两个大鼠正常腹膜内注射长效胰岛素(混用,30%普通人胰岛素和70%NPH人胰岛素的混合物),持续8周。高血压SHR。每个菌株共分为四组,即对照组和注射胰岛素的组。饮用水中含有10%的葡萄糖,以防止注射胰岛素的大鼠出现低血糖。在8周实验期结束时,在测量血压并抽血测定葡萄糖,尿素,肌酐和胰岛素后,将大鼠处死。器官固定在甲醛中。在实验结束时,在注射安慰剂(盐水)和注射胰岛素的大鼠中,血糖水平都较高。血压仅在注射胰岛素的SHR中显着上升。注射胰岛素的SHR中的心肌内小动脉的血管壁要比安慰剂注射的SHR的血管壁厚得多,这是由于介质肥大所致。与安慰剂注射的WKY大鼠相比,注射胰岛素的WKY的心肌内小动脉壁/管腔比率更高,但差异无显着性。与安慰剂注射的SHR相比,胰岛素注射的体重受体重因素影响显着更高。尽管没有动脉粥样硬化或内膜增厚的迹象,但在注射胰岛素的SHR组的八只大鼠中有四只观察到了心肌梗塞。高胰岛素血症引起的体重增加和代谢活动可能增加,以及心肌需氧量增加和小动脉变窄,可能在没有动脉粥样硬化性冠状动脉闭塞的情况下促成心肌梗塞的发生。 。

  • 【GABA在胎儿,出生后和成人视网膜中的表达:一项免疫组织化学研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1017/s0952523800012104 复制DOI
    作者列表:Nag TC,Wadhwa S
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: The expression of GABA in the human fetal (12-25 weeks of gestation), postnatal (five-month-old), and adult (35-year-old) retinas was investigated by immunohistochemistry. GABA expression was seen as early as 12 weeks in the undifferentiated cells of the inner neuroblast zone; a few optic nerve fiber layer axons were clearly labeled, suggesting that some of the stained cell bodies were prospective ganglion cells, others could be displaced amacrine cells. From 16-17 to 24-25 weeks, intense labeling was found in the amacrine, displaced amacrine, and some ganglion cells. During this time period, horizontal cells (identified by calbindin immunohistochemistry), undergoing migration (periphery) and differentiation (center), expressed GABA prominently. In the postnatal retina, some horizontal cells were moderately labeled, but very weakly in a few cells, in the adult. The Müller cells developed immunoreactivity first weakly at 12 weeks and then moderately from 16-17 weeks onward. The staining was also evident in the postnatal and adult retinas, showing labeled processes of these glial cells. Virtually no axons in the adult optic nerve and nerve fiber layer were stained; the staining was restricted to a few, large ganglion cells and displaced amacrine cellsSome amacrines were also labeled. The possibility that GABA might play a role in horizontal cell differentiation and maturation is highlighted. Other evidences suggest that GABA might play a role in metabolism during retinal development.

    背景与目标: 通过免疫组织化学研究了GABA在人胎儿(妊娠12-25周),产后(5个月大)和成年(35岁)视网膜中的表达。早在12周内神经母细胞区未分化的细胞中就可以看到GABA的表达。一些视神经纤维层轴突被清楚地标记,表明某些染色的细胞体是预期的神经节细胞,其他可能是置换的无长突细胞。从16-17周到24-25周,在无长蛋白,移位的无长蛋白和一些神经节细胞中发现了强烈的标记。在这段时间内,水平细胞(通过钙结合蛋白免疫组织化学鉴定),经历迁移(外围)和分化(中心),主要表达GABA。在成年后的视网膜中,成人中一些水平细胞被中等程度标记,但少数细胞中非常弱。 Müller细胞首先在12周时出现弱免疫反应,然后在16-17周后逐渐出现免疫反应。染色在产后和成年视网膜中也很明显,显示出这些神经胶质细胞的标记过程。成人视神经和神经纤维层几乎没有染色。染色仅限于少数大型神经节细胞和置换的无长突细胞。一些无长突也被标记。强调了GABA可能在水平细胞分化和成熟中起作用的可能性。其他证据表明,GABA可能在视网膜发育过程中的代谢中发挥作用。

  • 【益生菌和益生元在慢性炎症性肠病中。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.3748/wjg.v12.i37.5941 复制DOI
    作者列表:Ewaschuk JB,Dieleman LA
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells of the colon exist in a highly complex, but harmonious relationship. Disturbances in this remarkable symbiosis can result in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Although the etiology of IBD is not entirely understood, it is known that the chronic inflammation of Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and chronic pouchitis are a result of an overly aggressive immune response to the commensal intestinal flora in genetically susceptible hosts. Recent studies have enhanced our ability to understand the interaction between the host and its intestinal microflora and the role the microflora plays in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. As we begin to understand the benefits conferred to the intestine by the microflora, the notion of modifying the composition of the bacterial load to improve human health has arisen. A significant body of research now exists investigating the role of probiotics and prebiotics in ameliorating chronic intestinal inflammation. This article will begin with an overview of the role of the commensal microflora in maintaining mucosal immune homeostasis, and how a dysregulated immune response to the intestinal microflora results in IBD. This will be followed by a summary of the use of probiotics and prebiotics in experimental and human IBD.
    背景与目标: :结肠的原核和真核细胞以高度复杂但和谐的关系存在。这种明显的共生障碍可能导致炎症性肠病(IBD)的发展。尽管尚未完全了解IBD的病因,但众所周知,克罗恩病,溃疡性结肠炎和慢性囊炎的慢性炎症是对遗传易感宿主中共生肠道菌群过度攻击性免疫反应的结果。最近的研究增强了我们理解宿主与其肠道菌群之间相互作用以及菌群在维持肠道稳态中所起的作用的能力。当我们开始理解微生物群落赋予肠道的益处时,就出现了改变细菌载量组成以改善人体健康的想法。现在,存在大量的研究机构正在研究益生菌和益生元在缓解慢性肠道炎症中的作用。本文将首先概述共生菌群在维持粘膜免疫稳态方面的作用,以及对肠道菌群免疫反应失调如何导致IBD。随后将概述在实验性和人IBD中使用益生菌和益生元。
  • 【印度城市女性性工作者中的寻求健康战略和性健康:对研究和服务提供的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/s0277-9536(96)00288-2 复制DOI
    作者列表:Evans C,Lambert H
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: This paper presents and discusses selected findings from a study of health-seeking strategies in relation to sexual health among a group of female sex workers in Calcutta, India. Background information on sex work and sexually transmitted disease in Calcutta is followed by the presentation of findings pertaining to women's understandings of (sexual) health, treatment-seeking and service utilisation. In the urban context where health services are readily available, patterns of initial treatment-seeking are shown to be generally (biomedically) appropriate, but subsequent "non-compliant" therapeutic practices give cause for concern. Conventional approaches to the study of "health-seeking behaviour" are reviewed in the light of these findings and questions raised about the appropriateness of approaches that focus on initial choice of treatment type and/or assume processes of health-seeking to be determined primarily by cultural "beliefs" about illness. Inherent biomedical and culturalist biases in the orientation of such research are shown to produce an analytic neglect of the dual influences of material life conditions and people's perceptions of health, rather than illness, upon health-related strategies. Recommendations are made for operational research and policy formulation on the provision of effective sexual health services, and implications are drawn for the scope of interventions and applied research directed at improving sexual health.

    背景与目标: 本文介绍并讨论了印度加尔各答一群女性性工作者中与性健康相关的健康寻求策略研究中的部分发现。在加尔各答关于性工作和性传播疾病的背景信息之后,介绍与妇女对(性)健康,寻求治疗和利用服务的理解有关的发现。在容易获得卫生服务的城市环境中,最初寻求治疗的模式已被证明通常(生物医学上)是适当的,但是随后的“不依从”治疗方法引起了人们的关注。鉴于这些发现,对常规的“寻求健康行为”研究方法进行了回顾,并提出了一些有关方法的适当性的问题,这些方法着重于治疗类型的初始选择和/或假设寻求健康的过程主要由以下因素决定:关于疾病的文化“信仰”。研究方向的内在生物医学和文化主义偏见表明,人们忽视了物质生活条件和人们对健康而不是疾病的看法对健康相关策略的双重影响。为提供有效的性健康服务的运营研究和政策制定提出了建议,并对旨在改善性健康的干预措施和应用研究的范围产生了影响。

  • 【合成一些新的喹喔啉和1,2,4-三唑并[4,3-a]-喹喔啉以评估体外抗肿瘤和抗菌活性。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1002/ardp.200600061 复制DOI
    作者列表:El-Hawash SA,Habib NS,Kassem MA
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Two novel series of quinoxalines derived from 3-phenylquinoxalin-2(1H)-one and 2-hydrazino-3-phenylquinoxaline, namely 1-substituted-3-phenylquinoxaline-2(1H)-ones, 2a-c, 3a-d, and 4; 2-(3-oxo-3,3a,4,5,6,7-hexahydroindazol-2-yl)-3-phenylquinoxaline 6; N- cyclopentylidene or benzylidene-N'-(3-phenylquinoxaline-2-yl)hydrazines, 7 and 18; 1-substituted-4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalines, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, and 16 have been synthesized in order to evaluate their antitumor and antimicrobial activities. Preliminary screening at NCI showed that compounds 2b, 2c, 3b, 3c, and 9 exhibited a moderate to strong growth inhibition activity on various tumor panel cell lines between 10(-6) to 10(-5) molar concentrations. Compound 3b was the most active with a broad spectrum of activity. Compound 3c showed selectivity towards CNS-cancer SF-639, leukemia CCRF-CEM, and melanoma SK-MEL-5 (GI(50) = 4.03, 6.46, and 4.17 microM, respectively). On the other hand, the in vitro microbiological data revealed that the prepared compounds showed mild antimicrobial activity.
    背景与目标: :由3-苯基喹喔啉-2(1H)-one和2-肼基-3-苯基喹喔啉衍生的两个新颖的喹喔啉系列,即1-取代-3-苯基喹喔啉-2(1H)-ones,2a-c,3a-d ,和4; 2-(3-氧代-3,3a,4,5,6,7-六氢吲唑-2-基)-3-苯基喹喔啉6; N-环戊叉基或亚苄基-N'-(3-苯基喹喔啉-2-基)肼,7和18;为了评估它们的抗肿瘤和抗菌活性,已经合成了1-取代的4-苯基-1,2,4-三唑并[4,3-a]喹喔啉,9、10、12、13、14和16。在NCI上进行的初步筛选显示,化合物2b,2c,3b,3c和9对摩尔浓度在10(-6)至10(-5)之间的各种肿瘤细胞系表现出中等至强的生长抑制活性。化合物3b是最活跃的,具有广泛的活性。化合物3c显示出对CNS癌症SF-639,白血病CCRF-CEM和黑色素瘤SK-MEL-5的选择性(分别为GI(50)= 4.03、6.46和4.17 microM)。另一方面,体外微生物学数据显示所制备的化合物显示出温和的抗微生物活性。
  • 【超声检查和细针穿刺细胞学检查对有资格进行前哨淋巴结活检的黑色素瘤患者进行术前评估。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1245/s10434-006-9106-9 复制DOI
    作者列表:van Rijk MC,Teertstra HJ,Peterse JL,Nieweg OE,Olmos RA,Hoefnagel CA,Kroon BB
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Ultrasonography with fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has proven to be a valuable diagnostic tool in the preoperative workup of patients with breast cancer or penile cancer eligible for sentinel lymph node biopsy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of this technique in the initial assessment of patients with primary cutaneous melanoma. METHODS:A total of 107 patients with cutaneous melanoma eligible for sentinel node biopsy with clinically negative nodes were studied prospectively. Patients underwent ultrasonography of potentially involved basins and FNAC in case of a suspicious lymph node. The sentinel node procedure was omitted in patients with tumour-positive lymph nodes in lieu of lymph node dissection. RESULTS:Ultrasonography with FNAC correctly identified disease preoperatively in two of the 107 patients (2%). Thirteen of the 22 patients (59%) with a suspicious node on ultrasonographic imaging but a tumour-negative fine-needle aspirate were shown to have involved nodes. Of the 85 patients with ultrasonographically normal nodes, 25 (29%) were shown to have metastases. Of the total of 43 involved basins, 16 contained metastases > 2 mm and 25 < or = 2 mm. CONCLUSIONS:In our hands, the sensitivity and specificity of preoperative ultrasonography to detect lymph node involvement in patients with melanoma are 34% and 87%, respectively. In combination with FNAC, this is 4.7% and 100%, respectively. This yield is insufficient for this technique to be used as a routine diagnostic tool in the selection of patients eligible for sentinel node biopsy.
    背景与目标: 背景:超声检查结合细针穿刺细胞学检查(FNAC)已被证明是对乳腺癌或阴茎癌患者进行前哨淋巴结活检的术前检查中有价值的诊断工具。这项研究的目的是评估该技术在原发性皮肤黑素瘤患者的初步评估中的应用。
    方法:前瞻性研究了107例符合临床前淋巴结活检要求的前哨淋巴结活检的皮肤黑色素瘤患者。对可疑淋巴结患者进行超声检查,包括潜在受累盆和FNAC。肿瘤阳性淋巴结代替淋巴结清扫的患者省略了前哨淋巴结清扫术。
    结果:107例患者中有2例(2%)在接受FNAC的超声检查之前能正确地识别出疾病。 22例患者中有13例(59%)在超声检查中发现可疑淋巴结,但肿瘤阴性的细针抽吸物已累及淋巴结。在超声检查正常的85例患者中,有25例(29%)显示有转移。在总共43个受累盆地中,有16个包含的转移灶> 2 mm,而25个<或= 2 mm。
    结论:在我们手中,术前超声检查黑色素瘤患者淋巴结受累的敏感性和特异性分别为34%和87%。与FNAC结合使用时,分别为4.7%和100%。该产量不足以将该技术用作选择适合进行前哨淋巴结活检的患者的常规诊断工具。

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